Improve quarto installation

[jpvelez]

This PR, which fixes #5, does the following:

• Replace platform-specific quarto-cli install via .deb packages with platform-agnostic install via devcontainer features
  • quarto-cli is pinned to 1.7.32
• Install chromium so quarto can render mermaid and graphviz diagrams
• Add env var so that quarto can find python bin in the uv virtualenv
• Remove jupyterlab, notebook, and ipykernel dependencies, as only jupyter is needed for quarto to render python .qmd files
• Remove pandas in favor of polars and pyarrow, throwing in seaborn for good measures.