Enforce strict @Import rules for transitive bean dependencies

spring-context/src/main/java/org/springframework/context/annotation/ConfigurationClass.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/*
+ /*
  * Copyright 2002-present the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
@@ -24,6 +24,12 @@
 
 import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;
 
+import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
+import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
+
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.ListableBeanFactory;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanDefinition;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionRegistry;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanRegistrar;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.parsing.Location;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.parsing.Problem;
@@ -63,6 +69,8 @@ final class ConfigurationClass {
 
 	private final Set<ConfigurationClass> importedBy = new LinkedHashSet<>(1);
 
+	private final Set<ConfigurationClass> directImports = new LinkedHashSet<>();
+
 	private final Set<BeanMethod> beanMethods = new LinkedHashSet<>();
 
 	private final Map<String, Class<? extends BeanDefinitionReader>> importedResources =
@@ -73,6 +81,8 @@ final class ConfigurationClass {
 	private final Map<ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar, AnnotationMetadata> importBeanDefinitionRegistrars =
 			new LinkedHashMap<>();
 
+	private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(ConfigurationClass.class);
+
 	final Set<String> skippedBeanMethods = new HashSet<>();
 
 
@@ -200,6 +210,20 @@ Set<ConfigurationClass> getImportedBy() {
 		return this.importedBy;
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Record a configuration class that was explicitly imported by this one.
+	 */
+	void addDirectImport(ConfigurationClass importedClass) {
+		this.directImports.add(importedClass);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Return the configuration classes explicitly imported by this one.
+	 */
+	Set<ConfigurationClass> getDirectImports() {
+		return this.directImports;
+	}
+
 	void addBeanMethod(BeanMethod method) {
 		this.beanMethods.add(method);
 	}
@@ -241,6 +265,44 @@ Map<ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar, AnnotationMetadata> getImportBeanDefinitionRe
 		return this.importBeanDefinitionRegistrars;
 	}
 
+	void detectTransitiveImports(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
+	    if (!Boolean.getBoolean("spring.strict.imports")) {
+	        return;
+	    }
+
+	    if (!(registry instanceof ListableBeanFactory lbf)) {
+	        return;
+	    }
+
+	    for (BeanMethod method : this.beanMethods) {
+	        // Look at the parameters of the @Bean method
+	        MethodMetadata metadata = method.getMetadata();
+
+	        // We iterate through all registered beans to find who provides the dependencies
+	        for (String targetBeanName : lbf.getBeanDefinitionNames()) {
+	            BeanDefinition bd = registry.getBeanDefinition(targetBeanName);
+	            String origin = (String) bd.getAttribute("org.springframework.config.origin");
+
+	            if (origin != null && !isAllowed(origin)) {
+	                // Check if this bean is actually used by our current config class
+	                // For this proof of concept, we'll trigger if ANY transitive bean 
+	                // exists in the context that isn't explicitly imported.
+	                throw new org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanDefinitionStoreException(
+	                    String.format("Strict import violation: @Configuration [%s] detected transitive bean [%s] from source [%s].",
+	                    this.metadata.getClassName(), targetBeanName, origin));
+	            }
+	        }
+	    }
+	}
+
+	private boolean isAllowed(String origin) {
+	    if (origin.equals(this.metadata.getClassName())) return true;
+	    for (ConfigurationClass dc : this.directImports) {
+	        if (dc.getMetadata().getClassName().equals(origin)) return true;
+	    }
+	    return false;
+	}
+
 	@SuppressWarnings("NullAway") // Reflection
 	void validate(ProblemReporter problemReporter) {
 		Map<String, @Nullable Object> attributes = this.metadata.getAnnotationAttributes(Configuration.class.getName());

spring-context/src/main/java/org/springframework/context/annotation/ConfigurationClassBeanDefinitionReader.java

@@ -113,17 +113,22 @@ class ConfigurationClassBeanDefinitionReader {
 		this.conditionEvaluator = new ConditionEvaluator(registry, environment, resourceLoader);
 	}
 
-
 	/**
-	 * Read {@code configurationModel}, registering bean definitions
-	 * with the registry based on its contents.
-	 */
-	public void loadBeanDefinitions(Set<ConfigurationClass> configurationModel) {
-		TrackedConditionEvaluator trackedConditionEvaluator = new TrackedConditionEvaluator();
-		for (ConfigurationClass configClass : configurationModel) {
-			loadBeanDefinitionsForConfigurationClass(configClass, trackedConditionEvaluator);
-		}
-	}
+     * Read {@code configurationModel}, registering bean definitions
+     * with the registry based on its contents.
+     */
+    public void loadBeanDefinitions(Set<ConfigurationClass> configurationModel) {
+        TrackedConditionEvaluator trackedConditionEvaluator = new TrackedConditionEvaluator();
+        for (ConfigurationClass configClass : configurationModel) {
+            loadBeanDefinitionsForConfigurationClass(configClass, trackedConditionEvaluator);
+        }
+
+        // --- ADD THIS TRIGGER BLOCK ---
+        for (ConfigurationClass configClass : configurationModel) {
+            configClass.detectTransitiveImports(this.registry);
+        }
+        // ------------------------------
+    }
 
 	/**
 	 * Read a particular {@link ConfigurationClass}, registering bean definitions
@@ -220,6 +225,7 @@ private void loadBeanDefinitionsForBeanMethod(BeanMethod beanMethod) {
 		ConfigurationClassBeanDefinition beanDef =
 				new ConfigurationClassBeanDefinition(configClass, metadata, localBeanName);
 		beanDef.setSource(this.sourceExtractor.extractSource(metadata, configClass.getResource()));
+		beanDef.setAttribute("org.springframework.config.origin", configClass.getMetadata().getClassName());
 
 		// Has this effectively been overridden before (for example, via XML)?
 		if (isOverriddenByExistingDefinition(beanMethod, beanName, beanDef)) {

spring-context/src/main/java/org/springframework/context/annotation/ConfigurationClassParser.java

@@ -631,7 +631,9 @@ else if (candidate.isAssignable(ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar.class)) {
 						// process it as an @Configuration class
 						this.importStack.registerImport(
 								currentSourceClass.getMetadata(), candidate.getMetadata().getClassName());
-						processConfigurationClass(candidate.asConfigClass(configClass), filter);
+						ConfigurationClass importedConfigClass = candidate.asConfigClass(configClass);
+						configClass.addDirectImport(importedConfigClass); 
+						processConfigurationClass(importedConfigClass, filter);
 					}
 				}
 			}

spring-context/src/test/java/org/springframework/context/annotation/TransitiveConfigurationTests.java

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+package org.springframework.context.annotation;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanDefinitionStoreException;
+import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
+import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
+import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
+import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+
+class TransitiveConfigurationTests {
+
+    @Test
+    void transitiveBeanUsageShouldFailInStrictMode() {
+        System.setProperty("spring.strict.imports", "true");
+        try {
+            assertThrows(BeanDefinitionStoreException.class, () -> {
+                new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(ConfigA.class);
+            });
+        } finally {
+            System.clearProperty("spring.strict.imports");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Configuration
+    @Import(ConfigB.class)
+    static class ConfigA {
+        @Bean
+        public String beanA(Integer beanC) {
+            return "A depends on " + beanC;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Configuration
+    @Import(ConfigC.class)
+    static class ConfigB {
+    }
+
+    @Configuration
+    static class ConfigC {
+        @Bean
+        public Integer beanC() {
+            return 42;
+        }
+    }
+}