Add per Dialect configurable update row count semantics.

pom.xml

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 	<groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
 	<artifactId>spring-data-relational-parent</artifactId>
-	<version>4.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+	<version>4.1.x-GH-2209-SNAPSHOT</version>
 	<packaging>pom</packaging>
 
 	<name>Spring Data Relational Parent</name>

spring-data-jdbc-distribution/pom.xml

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 	<parent>
 		<groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
 		<artifactId>spring-data-relational-parent</artifactId>
-		<version>4.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+		<version>4.1.x-GH-2209-SNAPSHOT</version>
 		<relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>
 	</parent>
 

spring-data-jdbc/pom.xml

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 
 	<artifactId>spring-data-jdbc</artifactId>
-	<version>4.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+	<version>4.1.x-GH-2209-SNAPSHOT</version>
 
 	<name>Spring Data JDBC</name>
 	<description>Spring Data module for JDBC repositories.</description>
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 	<parent>
 		<groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
 		<artifactId>spring-data-relational-parent</artifactId>
-		<version>4.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+		<version>4.1.x-GH-2209-SNAPSHOT</version>
 	</parent>
 
 	<properties>

spring-data-jdbc/src/main/java/org/springframework/data/jdbc/core/JdbcAggregateChangeExecutionContext.java

@@ -354,7 +354,9 @@ private <T> RelationalPersistentEntity<T> getRequiredPersistentEntity(Class<T> t
 	}
 
 	private <T> void updateWithoutVersion(DbAction.UpdateRoot<T> update) {
-		accessStrategy.update(update.entity(), update.getEntityType());
+
+		boolean updated = accessStrategy.update(update.entity(), update.getEntityType());
+		accessStrategy.getDialect().getUpdateRowCountVerification().rowsModified(updated);
 	}
 
 	private <T> void updateWithVersion(DbAction.UpdateRoot<T> update) {

spring-data-jdbc/src/main/java/org/springframework/data/jdbc/core/dialect/DialectResolver.java

@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
 import org.springframework.data.relational.core.dialect.LimitClause;
 import org.springframework.data.relational.core.dialect.LockClause;
 import org.springframework.data.relational.core.dialect.OrderByNullPrecedence;
+import org.springframework.data.relational.core.dialect.UpdateRowCountVerification;
 import org.springframework.data.relational.core.sql.IdentifierProcessing;
 import org.springframework.data.relational.core.sql.SimpleFunction;
 import org.springframework.data.relational.core.sql.render.SelectRenderContext;
@@ -268,6 +269,11 @@ public SimpleFunction getExistsFunction() {
 		public boolean supportsSingleQueryLoading() {
 			return delegate.supportsSingleQueryLoading();
 		}
+
+		@Override
+		public UpdateRowCountVerification getUpdateRowCountVerification() {
+			return delegate.getUpdateRowCountVerification();
+		}
 	}
 
 }

spring-data-jdbc/src/test/java/org/springframework/data/jdbc/core/JdbcAggregateChangeExecutorContextImmutableUnitTests.java

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 import org.springframework.data.mapping.PersistentPropertyPaths;
 import org.springframework.data.relational.core.conversion.DbAction;
 import org.springframework.data.relational.core.conversion.IdValueSource;
+import org.springframework.data.relational.core.dialect.AnsiDialect;
 import org.springframework.data.relational.core.mapping.AggregatePath;
 import org.springframework.data.relational.core.mapping.RelationalMappingContext;
 import org.springframework.data.relational.core.mapping.RelationalPersistentProperty;
@@ -120,12 +121,12 @@ public void idGenerationOfChildInList() {
 		assertThat(newRoot.list.get(0).id).isEqualTo(24L);
 	}
 
-	@Test
-	// GH-537
+	@Test // GH-537
 	void populatesIdsIfNecessaryForAllRootsThatWereProcessed() {
 
 		DummyEntity root1 = new DummyEntity().withId(123L);
 		when(accessStrategy.update(root1, DummyEntity.class)).thenReturn(true);
+		when(accessStrategy.getDialect()).thenReturn(AnsiDialect.INSTANCE);
 		DbAction.UpdateRoot<DummyEntity> rootUpdate1 = new DbAction.UpdateRoot<>(root1, null);
 		executionContext.executeUpdateRoot(rootUpdate1);
 		Content content1 = new Content();

spring-data-jdbc/src/test/java/org/springframework/data/jdbc/core/JdbcAggregateChangeExecutorContextUnitTests.java

@@ -36,7 +36,11 @@
 import org.springframework.data.mapping.PersistentPropertyPaths;
 import org.springframework.data.relational.core.conversion.DbAction;
 import org.springframework.data.relational.core.conversion.IdValueSource;
+import org.springframework.data.relational.core.dialect.AnsiDialect;
 import org.springframework.data.relational.core.mapping.AggregatePath;
+import org.springframework.dao.IncorrectUpdateSemanticsDataAccessException;
+import org.springframework.data.relational.core.dialect.Dialect;
+import org.springframework.data.relational.core.dialect.UpdateRowCountVerification;
 import org.springframework.data.relational.core.mapping.RelationalMappingContext;
 import org.springframework.data.relational.core.mapping.RelationalPersistentProperty;
 import org.springframework.data.relational.core.sql.SqlIdentifier;
@@ -196,6 +200,7 @@ void updates_whenReferencesWithImmutableIdAreInserted() {
 
 		root.id = 123L;
 		when(accessStrategy.update(root, DummyEntity.class)).thenReturn(true);
+		when(accessStrategy.getDialect()).thenReturn(AnsiDialect.INSTANCE);
 		DbAction.UpdateRoot<DummyEntity> rootUpdate = new DbAction.UpdateRoot<>(root, null);
 		executionContext.executeUpdateRoot(rootUpdate);
 
@@ -219,6 +224,7 @@ void populatesIdsIfNecessaryForAllRootsThatWereProcessed() {
 		DummyEntity root1 = new DummyEntity();
 		root1.id = 123L;
 		when(accessStrategy.update(root1, DummyEntity.class)).thenReturn(true);
+		when(accessStrategy.getDialect()).thenReturn(AnsiDialect.INSTANCE);
 		DbAction.UpdateRoot<DummyEntity> rootUpdate1 = new DbAction.UpdateRoot<>(root1, null);
 		executionContext.executeUpdateRoot(rootUpdate1);
 		Content content1 = new Content();
@@ -242,6 +248,38 @@ void populatesIdsIfNecessaryForAllRootsThatWereProcessed() {
 		assertThat(content2.id).isEqualTo(12L);
 	}
 
+	@Test // GH-2209
+	void updateWithoutVersionThrowsWhenZeroRowsUpdatedAndDialectIsStrict() {
+
+		root.id = 123L;
+		when(accessStrategy.update(root, DummyEntity.class)).thenReturn(false);
+		Dialect dialect = mock(Dialect.class);
+		when(dialect.getUpdateRowCountVerification()).thenReturn(UpdateRowCountVerification.STRICT);
+		when(accessStrategy.getDialect()).thenReturn(dialect);
+
+		DbAction.UpdateRoot<DummyEntity> rootUpdate = new DbAction.UpdateRoot<>(root, null);
+
+		assertThatThrownBy(() -> executionContext.executeUpdateRoot(rootUpdate)) //
+				.isInstanceOf(IncorrectUpdateSemanticsDataAccessException.class) //
+				.hasMessageContaining("No rows were updated");
+	}
+
+	@Test // GH-2209
+	void updateWithoutVersionSucceedsWhenZeroRowsUpdatedAndDialectIsLenient() {
+
+		root.id = 123L;
+		when(accessStrategy.update(root, DummyEntity.class)).thenReturn(false);
+		Dialect dialect = mock(Dialect.class);
+		when(dialect.getUpdateRowCountVerification()).thenReturn(UpdateRowCountVerification.LENIENT);
+		when(accessStrategy.getDialect()).thenReturn(dialect);
+
+		DbAction.UpdateRoot<DummyEntity> rootUpdate = new DbAction.UpdateRoot<>(root, null);
+		executionContext.executeUpdateRoot(rootUpdate);
+
+		List<DummyEntity> newRoots = executionContext.populateIdsIfNecessary();
+		assertThat(newRoots).containsExactly(root);
+	}
+
 	DbAction.Insert<?> createInsert(DbAction.WithEntity<?> parent, String propertyName, Object value,
 			@Nullable Object key, IdValueSource idValueSource) {
 

spring-data-r2dbc/pom.xml

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 
 	<artifactId>spring-data-r2dbc</artifactId>
-	<version>4.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+	<version>4.1.x-GH-2209-SNAPSHOT</version>
 
 	<name>Spring Data R2DBC</name>
 	<description>Spring Data module for R2DBC</description>
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 	<parent>
 		<groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
 		<artifactId>spring-data-relational-parent</artifactId>
-		<version>4.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+		<version>4.1.x-GH-2209-SNAPSHOT</version>
 	</parent>
 
 	<properties>

spring-data-r2dbc/src/main/java/org/springframework/data/r2dbc/core/R2dbcEntityTemplate.java

@@ -689,6 +689,11 @@ private <T> Mono<T> doUpdate(T entity, @Nullable Object version, SqlIdentifier t
 					if (persistentEntity.hasVersionProperty()) {
 						sink.error(OptimisticLockingUtils.updateFailed(entity, version, persistentEntity));
 					}
+					try {
+						dataAccessStrategy.getDialect().getUpdateRowCountVerification().rowsModified(rowsUpdated);
+					} catch (DataAccessException ex) {
+						sink.error(ex);
+					}
 				}).then(maybeCallAfterSave(entity, outboundRow, tableName));
 	}
 

spring-data-relational/pom.xml

@@ -6,15 +6,15 @@
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 
     <artifactId>spring-data-relational</artifactId>
-    <version>4.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>4.1.x-GH-2209-SNAPSHOT</version>
 
     <name>Spring Data Relational</name>
     <description>Spring Data Relational support</description>
 
     <parent>
         <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-data-relational-parent</artifactId>
-        <version>4.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        <version>4.1.x-GH-2209-SNAPSHOT</version>
     </parent>
 
     <properties>

spring-data-relational/src/main/java/org/springframework/data/relational/core/dialect/Dialect.java

@@ -147,4 +147,16 @@ default SimpleFunction getExistsFunction() {
 	default boolean supportsSingleQueryLoading() {
 		return true;
 	}
+
+	/**
+	 * How to verify the result of an UPDATE (e.g. whether zero rows updated is considered an error). Database and
+	 * driver behavior differs (affected vs matched rows). Override in dialect implementations to reflect
+	 * database-specific semantics.
+	 *
+	 * @return the update row count verification for this dialect. Default is {@link UpdateRowCountVerification#LENIENT}.
+	 * @since 4.1
+	 */
+	default UpdateRowCountVerification getUpdateRowCountVerification() {
+		return UpdateRowCountVerification.LENIENT;
+	}
 }

spring-data-relational/src/main/java/org/springframework/data/relational/core/dialect/UpdateRowCountVerification.java

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2026-present the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.springframework.data.relational.core.dialect;
+
+import org.springframework.dao.IncorrectUpdateSemanticsDataAccessException;
+
+/**
+ * Defines whether the result of a save/update is considered an error.
+ * <p>
+ * Database and driver behavior differs: some report <em>affected</em> rows (e.g. MySQL/InnoDB can report 0 for a no-op
+ * update), others report <em>matched</em> rows. Use {@link #LENIENT} when the database may legitimately report 0 rows
+ * for a successful no-op update; use {@link #STRICT} when you want to detect missing rows or failed updates.
+ *
+ * @since 4.1
+ */
+@FunctionalInterface
+public interface UpdateRowCountVerification {
+
+	/**
+	 * Do not throw when an UPDATE affects 0 rows. Use when the database or driver may report 0 for a no-op update (e.g.
+	 * MySQL/InnoDB with affected-rows semantics, Vitess).
+	 */
+	UpdateRowCountVerification LENIENT = (rowsModified) -> {};
+
+	/**
+	 * Throw {@link org.springframework.dao.IncorrectUpdateSemanticsDataAccessException} when an UPDATE affects 0 rows.
+	 * Use to detect missing rows, RLS-blocked updates, or stale identifiers.
+	 */
+	UpdateRowCountVerification STRICT = (rowsModified) -> {
+		throw new IncorrectUpdateSemanticsDataAccessException("No rows were updated");
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * @param rowsModified flag to indicate whether the update affected any rows.
+	 * @throws IncorrectUpdateSemanticsDataAccessException in case the update did not affect any rows and this is
+	 *           considered a failed operation.
+	 */
+	void rowsModified(boolean rowsModified);
+
+	/**
+	 * @param nrRows number of rows affected by the update.
+	 * @throws IncorrectUpdateSemanticsDataAccessException in case the update did not affect any rows and this is
+	 *           considered a failed operation.
+	 */
+	default void rowsModified(long nrRows) {
+		rowsModified(nrRows > 0);
+	}
+
+}

spring-data-relational/src/test/java/org/springframework/data/relational/core/dialect/UpdateRowCountVerificationUnitTests.java

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2026-present the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.springframework.data.relational.core.dialect;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+/**
+ * Unit tests for {@link UpdateRowCountVerification} and {@link Dialect#getUpdateRowCountVerification()}.
+ *
+ * @since 4.1
+ */
+class UpdateRowCountVerificationUnitTests {
+
+	@Test
+	void dialectDefaultIsLenient() {
+		assertThat(AnsiDialect.INSTANCE.getUpdateRowCountVerification()).isEqualTo(UpdateRowCountVerification.LENIENT);
+	}
+}