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Simplify HashStable#155018

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nnethercote:simplify-HashStable
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Simplify HashStable#155018
nnethercote wants to merge 7 commits intorust-lang:mainfrom
nnethercote:simplify-HashStable

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This PR:

  • Simplifies the HashStable trait, by moving its generic parameter from the trait to its single method.
  • Eliminates the need for the non-obvious derive(HashStable)/derive(HashStable_Generic) distinction.
  • Reduces the need for, and clarifies, the non-obvious derive(HashStable)/derive(HashStable_NoContext) distinction.

@rustbot rustbot added A-attributes Area: Attributes (`#[…]`, `#![…]`) A-meta Area: Issues & PRs about the rust-lang/rust repository itself F-autodiff `#![feature(autodiff)]` S-waiting-on-author Status: This is awaiting some action (such as code changes or more information) from the author. T-compiler Relevant to the compiler team, which will review and decide on the PR/issue. WG-trait-system-refactor The Rustc Trait System Refactor Initiative (-Znext-solver) labels Apr 9, 2026
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nnethercote commented Apr 9, 2026

Why on earth is Span 96 bits on aarch64-gnu-llvm-21-1 when it only contains a u32 and two u16s?

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I just tried PR on an aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu box that I have and it compiled fine. Weird.

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`def_id.to_stable_hash_key(hcx)` calls `hcx.def_path_hash(def_id)`. This
commit replaces various other occurrences of the latter form with the
former form. It's all inlined so there should be no perf effects.

This will make things easier for the next commit, which will change
`DefId::to_stable_hash_key`.
This puts it in the same crate as the `HashStable` and `ToStableHasher`
traits. This requires introducing three types `RawSpan`, `RawDefId` and
`RawDefPathHash` to work around the fact that `rustc_data_structures`
is upstream of `rustc_span` and so doesn't have access to `Span`,
`DefId`, and `DefPathHash`. This is a bit ugly but is worth it because
moving `HashStableContext` enables big cleanups across many crates in
subsequent commits.
`std::hash::Hash` looks like this:
```
pub trait Hash {
    fn hash<H>(&self, state: &mut H)
       where H: Hasher;

    ...
}
```
The method is generic.

In contrast, `HashStable` looks like this:
```
pub trait HashStable<Hcx> {
    fn hash_stable(&self, hcx: &mut Hcx, hasher: &mut StableHasher);
}
```
and impls look like this (in crates upstream of `rustc_middle`):
```
impl<Hcx: HashStableContext> HashStable<Hcx> for Path {
    fn hash_stable(&self, hcx: &mut Hcx, hasher: &mut StableHasher) {
        ...
    }
}
```
or this (in `rustc_middle` and crates downstream of `rustc_middle`):
```
impl<'tcx> HashStable<StableHashingContext<'tcx>> for rustc_feature::Features {
    fn hash_stable(&self, hcx: &mut StableHashingContext<'tcx>, hasher: &mut StableHasher) {
	...
    }
}
```
Differences to `std::hash::Hash`:
- The trait is generic, rather than the method.
- The way impls are written depends their position in the crate graph.
- This explains why we have both `derive(HashStable)` and
  `derive(HashStable_Generic)`. The former is for the
  downstream-of-`rustc_middle` case, the latter is for the upstream of
  `rustc_middle` case.

Why the differences? It all boils down to `HashStable` and
`HashStableContext` being in different crates. But the previous commit
fixed that, which means `HashStable` can be simplified to this, with a
generic method:
```
pub trait HashStable {
    fn hash_stable<Hcx: HashStableContext>(&self, hcx: &mut Hcx, hasher: &mut StableHasher);
}
```
and all impls look like this:
```
impl HashStable for Path {
    fn hash_stable<Hcx: HashStableContext>(&self, hcx: &mut Hcx, hasher: &mut StableHasher) {
        ...
    }
}
```

Other consequences:
- `derive(HashStable_Generic)` is no longer needed; `derive(HashStable)`
  can be used instead.
  - In this commit, `derive(HashStable_Generic` is made a synonym of
    `derive(HashStable)`. The next commit will remove this synonym,
    because it's a change that touches many lines.
- `#[stable_hash_generic]` is no longer needed (for `newtype_index`);
  `#[stable_hash]` can be used instead.
  - `#[stable_hash_no_context]` was already a synonym of
    `#[stable_hash_generic]`, so it's also removed in favour of just
    `#[stable_hash]`.
- The difference between `derive(HashStable)` and
  `derive(HashStable_NoContext)` now comes down to the difference
  between `synstructure::AddBounds::Generics` and
  `synstructure::AddBounds::Fields`, which is basically "vanilla derive"
  vs "(near) perfect derive".
  - I have improved the comments on `HashStableMode` to better
    explaining this subtle difference.
- `rustc_middle/src/ich/impls_syntax.rs` is no longer needed; the
  relevant impls can be defined in the crate that defines the relevant
  type.
- Occurrences of `for<'a> HashStable<StableHashingContext<'a>>` are
  replaced with with `HashStable`, hooray.
- The commit adds a `HashStableContext::hashing_controls` method, which
  is no big deal.

Overall this is a big simplification, removing a lots of confusing
complexity in stable hashing traits.
It's now just a synonym for `derive(HashStable)`.
Thanks to the `HashStable` trait being simplified,
`HashStable_NoContext` is only needed when a (near) perfect derive is
required. In practice, this means it's only needed for types with a
generic `<I: Interner>` parameter.

This commit replaces `derive(HashStable_NoContext)` with
`derive(HashStable)` for all types that don't have `<I: Interner>`.
`rustc_middle::ich` is now just a very thin wrapper around
`rustc_middle::ich::hcx`, so the contents of the latter can be moved
into the former.
XXX: It's causing problems on aarch64-gnu-llvm-21-1 on CI.
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