Add ASTE to the system tests

[MakisH]

This PR adds ASTE and the aste-turbine tutorial to the system tests (related to #448).

This tutorial is different than other tutorials in many ways, which requires a few ad-hoc workarounds:

• The VTK packages of Ubuntu 24.04 are known to be problematic/incompatible with ASTE, for which reason I am using a dedicated image based on Ubuntu 26.04. This will not be needed once all the stack is based on Ubuntu 26.04.
• There is only one code executed, only once. This can already be handled by the system tests.
• The precice-config.xml and the run.sh (and the case configuration) are all in the same directory. This breaks the assumption that precice-exports are always on the parent directory of where the case is executed. To address that, I am patching the path that the prepare step adds (I cannot do this in the tests.yaml, as the run-before hook is executed before the prepare). A step to move the directory in run-after could potentially achieve the same effect.
• The arrays in the exported files seem to be of different sizes in each run, making fieldcompare to always complain. For this reason, I disabled the comparison to references. I understand that the mesh is partitioned a bit differently on each run. Two logs from two consecutive runs with the same inputs:
  • system-tests-compare-run1.log
  • system-tests-compare-run2.log

Testing on different attempts of this run (for which I eventually disabled the results comparison): https://github.com/precice/tutorials/actions/runs/29198904659