fix: chunk large DataFrames in register to avoid duckdb-rs panic

src/reader/duckdb.rs

@@ -516,17 +516,58 @@ impl Reader for DuckDBReader {
             )));
         }
 
-        // Convert DataFrame to Arrow query params
-        let params = dataframe_to_arrow_params(df)?;
+        // Workaround for a duckdb-rs limitation (not a DuckDB limitation).
+        //
+        // duckdb-rs's `ArrowVTab` writes each RecordBatch into a single DuckDB
+        // `DataChunk`, which has a fixed capacity of `STANDARD_VECTOR_SIZE`.
+        // That constant is defined in DuckDB's C++ source at
+        // `src/include/duckdb/common/constants.hpp` and is currently 2048.
+        // When a RecordBatch exceeds this, `FlatVector::copy` panics with
+        // `assertion failed: data.len() <= self.capacity()`.
+        //
+        // We chunk large DataFrames to stay within this limit. The first chunk
+        // creates the table (letting DuckDB infer the schema from Arrow), and
+        // subsequent chunks INSERT into it.
+        const MAX_ARROW_BATCH_ROWS: usize = 2048;
+        let total_rows = df.height();
+
+        if total_rows <= MAX_ARROW_BATCH_ROWS {
+            // Small DataFrame: register in a single batch
+            let params = dataframe_to_arrow_params(df)?;
+            let sql = format!(
+                "CREATE TEMP TABLE \"{}\" AS SELECT * FROM arrow(?, ?)",
+                name
+            );
+            self.conn.execute(&sql, params).map_err(|e| {
+                GgsqlError::ReaderError(format!("Failed to register table '{}': {}", name, e))
+            })?;
+        } else {
+            // Large DataFrame: create table from first chunk, then insert remaining chunks
+            let first_chunk = df.slice(0, MAX_ARROW_BATCH_ROWS);
+            let params = dataframe_to_arrow_params(first_chunk)?;
+            let create_sql = format!(
+                "CREATE TEMP TABLE \"{}\" AS SELECT * FROM arrow(?, ?)",
+                name
+            );
+            self.conn.execute(&create_sql, params).map_err(|e| {
+                GgsqlError::ReaderError(format!("Failed to register table '{}': {}", name, e))
+            })?;
 
-        // Create temp table from Arrow data
-        let sql = format!(
-            "CREATE TEMP TABLE \"{}\" AS SELECT * FROM arrow(?, ?)",
-            name
-        );
-        self.conn.execute(&sql, params).map_err(|e| {
-            GgsqlError::ReaderError(format!("Failed to register table '{}': {}", name, e))
-        })?;
+            let mut offset = MAX_ARROW_BATCH_ROWS;
+            while offset < total_rows {
+                let chunk_size = std::cmp::min(MAX_ARROW_BATCH_ROWS, total_rows - offset);
+                let chunk = df.slice(offset as i64, chunk_size);
+                let params = dataframe_to_arrow_params(chunk)?;
+                let insert_sql = format!("INSERT INTO \"{}\" SELECT * FROM arrow(?, ?)", name);
+                self.conn.execute(&insert_sql, params).map_err(|e| {
+                    GgsqlError::ReaderError(format!(
+                        "Failed to insert chunk into table '{}': {}",
+                        name, e
+                    ))
+                })?;
+                offset += chunk_size;
+            }
+        }
 
         // Track the table so we can unregister it later
         self.registered_tables.insert(name.to_string());
@@ -783,4 +824,69 @@ mod tests {
         let result = reader.execute_sql("SELECT * FROM data").unwrap();
         assert_eq!(result.height(), 3);
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_register_large_dataframe() {
+        // duckdb-rs Arrow vtab has a vector capacity of 2048 rows. DataFrames
+        // larger than this must be chunked to avoid a panic.
+        let mut reader = DuckDBReader::from_connection_string("duckdb://memory").unwrap();
+
+        let n = 3000;
+        let ids: Vec<i32> = (0..n).collect();
+        let values: Vec<f64> = (0..n).map(|i| i as f64 * 1.5).collect();
+        let names: Vec<String> = (0..n).map(|i| format!("item_{}", i)).collect();
+
+        let df = DataFrame::new(vec![
+            Column::new("id".into(), ids),
+            Column::new("value".into(), values),
+            Column::new("name".into(), names),
+        ])
+        .unwrap();
+
+        reader.register("large_table", df).unwrap();
+
+        // Verify row count
+        let result = reader
+            .execute_sql("SELECT COUNT(*) as cnt FROM large_table")
+            .unwrap();
+        let count = result.column("cnt").unwrap().i64().unwrap().get(0).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(count, n as i64);
+
+        // Verify first and last rows survived chunking intact
+        let result = reader
+            .execute_sql("SELECT id, name FROM large_table ORDER BY id LIMIT 1")
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            result.column("id").unwrap().i32().unwrap().get(0).unwrap(),
+            0
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            result
+                .column("name")
+                .unwrap()
+                .str()
+                .unwrap()
+                .get(0)
+                .unwrap(),
+            "item_0"
+        );
+
+        let result = reader
+            .execute_sql("SELECT id, name FROM large_table ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 1")
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            result.column("id").unwrap().i32().unwrap().get(0).unwrap(),
+            (n - 1) as i32
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            result
+                .column("name")
+                .unwrap()
+                .str()
+                .unwrap()
+                .get(0)
+                .unwrap(),
+            format!("item_{}", n - 1)
+        );
+    }
 }