sink: add debezium-avro protocol

api/v2/changefeed.go

@@ -1770,7 +1770,8 @@ func verifyTable4MQ(
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	eventRouter, err := eventrouter.NewEventRouter(replicaConfig.Sink, topic, config.IsPulsarScheme(scheme), protocol == config.ProtocolAvro)
+	isAvroLike := protocol == config.ProtocolAvro || protocol == config.ProtocolDebeziumAvro
+	eventRouter, err := eventrouter.NewEventRouter(replicaConfig.Sink, topic, config.IsPulsarScheme(scheme), isAvroLike)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

cmd/kafka-consumer/writer.go

@@ -119,7 +119,8 @@ func newWriter(ctx context.Context, o *option) *writer {
 		w.progresses[i] = newPartitionProgress(int32(i), decoder)
 	}
 
-	eventRouter, err := eventrouter.NewEventRouter(o.sinkConfig, o.topic, false, o.protocol == config.ProtocolAvro)
+	isAvroLike := o.protocol == config.ProtocolAvro || o.protocol == config.ProtocolDebeziumAvro
+	eventRouter, err := eventrouter.NewEventRouter(o.sinkConfig, o.topic, false, isAvroLike)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Panic("initialize the event router failed",
 			zap.Any("protocol", o.protocol), zap.Any("topic", o.topic),
@@ -493,7 +494,8 @@ func (w *writer) onDDL(ddl *event.DDLEvent) {
 		return
 	}
 	switch w.protocol {
-	case config.ProtocolCanalJSON, config.ProtocolOpen, config.ProtocolAvro, config.ProtocolSimple, config.ProtocolDebezium:
+	case config.ProtocolCanalJSON, config.ProtocolOpen, config.ProtocolAvro, config.ProtocolSimple,
+		config.ProtocolDebezium, config.ProtocolDebeziumAvro:
 	default:
 		return
 	}

downstreamadapter/sink/helper/helper.go

@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ func GetProtocol(protocolStr string) (config.Protocol, error) {
 // GetFileExtension returns the extension for specific protocol
 func GetFileExtension(protocol config.Protocol) string {
 	switch protocol {
-	case config.ProtocolAvro, config.ProtocolCanalJSON, config.ProtocolMaxwell,
+	case config.ProtocolAvro, config.ProtocolDebeziumAvro, config.ProtocolCanalJSON, config.ProtocolMaxwell,
 		config.ProtocolOpen, config.ProtocolSimple:
 		return ".json"
 	case config.ProtocolCraft:

downstreamadapter/sink/kafka/helper.go

@@ -77,8 +77,9 @@ func newKafkaSinkComponentWithFactory(ctx context.Context,
 		return kafkaComponent, protocol, errors.WrapError(errors.ErrKafkaNewProducer, err)
 	}
 
+	isAvroLike := protocol == config.ProtocolAvro || protocol == config.ProtocolDebeziumAvro
 	kafkaComponent.eventRouter, err = eventrouter.NewEventRouter(
-		sinkConfig, topic, false, protocol == config.ProtocolAvro)
+		sinkConfig, topic, false, isAvroLike)
 	if err != nil {
 		return kafkaComponent, protocol, errors.Trace(err)
 	}

pkg/config/sink.go

@@ -144,7 +144,8 @@ type SinkConfig struct {
 	DispatchRules []*DispatchRule `toml:"dispatchers" json:"dispatchers,omitempty"`
 
 	ColumnSelectors []*ColumnSelector `toml:"column-selectors" json:"column-selectors,omitempty"`
-	// SchemaRegistry is only available when the downstream is MQ using avro protocol.
+	// SchemaRegistry is only available when the downstream is MQ using avro protocol
+	// or debezium protocol with Confluent Avro encoding.
 	SchemaRegistry *string `toml:"schema-registry" json:"schema-registry,omitempty"`
 	// EncoderConcurrency is only available when the downstream is MQ.
 	EncoderConcurrency *int `toml:"encoder-concurrency" json:"encoder-concurrency,omitempty"`
@@ -965,7 +966,7 @@ func (s *SinkConfig) ValidateProtocol(scheme string) error {
 		if s.OpenProtocol != nil {
 			outputOldValue = s.OpenProtocol.OutputOldValue
 		}
-	case ProtocolDebezium:
+	case ProtocolDebezium, ProtocolDebeziumAvro:
 		if s.Debezium != nil {
 			outputOldValue = s.Debezium.OutputOldValue
 		}

pkg/config/sink_protocol.go

@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ const (
 	ProtocolCsv
 	ProtocolDebezium
 	ProtocolSimple
+	ProtocolDebeziumAvro
 )
 
 // IsBatchEncode returns whether the protocol is a batch encoder.
@@ -71,6 +72,8 @@ func ParseSinkProtocolFromString(protocol string) (Protocol, error) {
 		return ProtocolCsv, nil
 	case "debezium":
 		return ProtocolDebezium, nil
+	case "debezium-avro":
+		return ProtocolDebeziumAvro, nil
 	case "simple":
 		return ProtocolSimple, nil
 	default:
@@ -101,6 +104,8 @@ func (p Protocol) String() string {
 		return "debezium"
 	case ProtocolSimple:
 		return "simple"
+	case ProtocolDebeziumAvro:
+		return "debezium-avro"
 	default:
 		panic("unreachable")
 	}

pkg/config/sink_protocol_test.go

@@ -62,6 +62,10 @@ func TestParseSinkProtocolFromString(t *testing.T) {
 			protocol:             "open-protocol",
 			expectedProtocolEnum: ProtocolOpen,
 		},
+		{
+			protocol:             "debezium-avro",
+			expectedProtocolEnum: ProtocolDebeziumAvro,
+		},
 	}
 
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
@@ -109,6 +113,10 @@ func TestString(t *testing.T) {
 			protocolEnum:     ProtocolOpen,
 			expectedProtocol: "open-protocol",
 		},
+		{
+			protocolEnum:     ProtocolDebeziumAvro,
+			expectedProtocol: "debezium-avro",
+		},
 	}
 
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
@@ -151,6 +159,10 @@ func TestIsBatchEncoder(t *testing.T) {
 			protocolEnum: ProtocolOpen,
 			expect:       true,
 		},
+		{
+			protocolEnum: ProtocolDebeziumAvro,
+			expect:       false,
+		},
 	}
 
 	for _, tc := range testCases {

pkg/sink/codec/builder.go

@@ -41,6 +41,8 @@ func NewEventEncoder(ctx context.Context, cfg *common.Config) (common.EventEncod
 		return canal.NewJSONRowEventEncoder(ctx, cfg)
 	case config.ProtocolDebezium:
 		return debezium.NewBatchEncoder(cfg, config.GetGlobalServerConfig().ClusterID), nil
+	case config.ProtocolDebeziumAvro:
+		return debezium.NewAvroBatchEncoder(ctx, cfg, config.GetGlobalServerConfig().ClusterID)
 	case config.ProtocolSimple:
 		return simple.NewEncoder(ctx, cfg)
 	default:
@@ -67,6 +69,8 @@ func NewEventDecoder(
 		return simple.NewDecoder(ctx, codecConfig, upstreamTiDB)
 	case config.ProtocolDebezium:
 		return debezium.NewDecoder(codecConfig, idx, upstreamTiDB), nil
+	case config.ProtocolDebeziumAvro:
+		return debezium.NewAvroDecoder(ctx, codecConfig, idx, upstreamTiDB)
 	default:
 	}
 	log.Panic("Protocol not supported", zap.Any("Protocol", codecConfig.Protocol))

pkg/sink/codec/common/config.go

@@ -55,7 +55,8 @@ type Config struct {
 
 	OutputRowKey bool
 
-	// avro only
+	// avro and debezium-avro only
+	// protocol when Confluent Avro encoding is enabled.
 	AvroConfluentSchemaRegistry    string
 	AvroDecimalHandlingMode        string
 	AvroBigintUnsignedHandlingMode string
@@ -236,9 +237,10 @@ func (c *Config) Apply(sinkURI *url.URL, sinkConfig *config.SinkConfig) error {
 		sinkConfig.KafkaConfig.GlueSchemaRegistryConfig != nil {
 		c.AvroGlueSchemaRegistry = sinkConfig.KafkaConfig.GlueSchemaRegistryConfig
 	}
-	if c.Protocol == config.ProtocolAvro && util.GetOrZero(sinkConfig.ForceReplicate) {
+	if (c.Protocol == config.ProtocolAvro || c.Protocol == config.ProtocolDebeziumAvro) &&
+		util.GetOrZero(sinkConfig.ForceReplicate) {
 		return errors.ErrCodecInvalidConfig.GenWithStack(
-			`force-replicate must be disabled, when using avro protocol`)
+			`force-replicate must be disabled, when using avro or debezium-avro protocol`)
 	}
 
 	if sinkConfig != nil {
@@ -353,30 +355,57 @@ func (c *Config) WithChangefeedID(id common.ChangeFeedID) *Config {
 // Validate the Config
 func (c *Config) Validate() error {
 	if c.EnableTiDBExtension &&
-		(c.Protocol != config.ProtocolCanalJSON && c.Protocol != config.ProtocolAvro && c.Protocol != config.ProtocolDebezium) {
+		(c.Protocol != config.ProtocolCanalJSON && c.Protocol != config.ProtocolAvro &&
+			c.Protocol != config.ProtocolDebezium && c.Protocol != config.ProtocolDebeziumAvro) {
 		log.Warn("ignore invalid config, enable-tidb-extension"+
-			"only supports canal-json/avro/debezium protocol",
+			"only supports canal-json/avro/debezium/debezium-avro protocol",
 			zap.Bool("enableTidbExtension", c.EnableTiDBExtension),
 			zap.String("protocol", c.Protocol.String()))
 	}
 
-	if c.Protocol == config.ProtocolAvro {
+	if c.Protocol == config.ProtocolDebezium &&
+		(c.AvroConfluentSchemaRegistry != "" || c.AvroGlueSchemaRegistry != nil) {
+		return errors.ErrCodecInvalidConfig.GenWithStack(
+			`Debezium protocol does not support schema registry; use protocol "debezium-avro"`,
+		)
+	}
+
+	if c.Protocol == config.ProtocolAvro || c.Protocol == config.ProtocolDebeziumAvro {
 		if c.AvroConfluentSchemaRegistry != "" && c.AvroGlueSchemaRegistry != nil {
+			protocol := "Avro"
+			if c.Protocol == config.ProtocolDebeziumAvro {
+				protocol = "Debezium Avro"
+			}
 			return errors.ErrCodecInvalidConfig.GenWithStack(
-				`Avro protocol requires only one of "%s" or "%s" to specify the schema registry`,
+				`%s protocol requires only one of "%s" or "%s" to specify the schema registry`,
+				protocol,
 				codecOPTAvroSchemaRegistry,
 				coderOPTAvroGlueSchemaRegistry,
 			)
 		}
 
 		if c.AvroConfluentSchemaRegistry == "" && c.AvroGlueSchemaRegistry == nil {
+			protocol := "Avro"
+			if c.Protocol == config.ProtocolDebeziumAvro {
+				protocol = "Debezium Avro"
+			}
 			return errors.ErrCodecInvalidConfig.GenWithStack(
-				`Avro protocol requires parameter "%s" or "%s" to specify the schema registry`,
+				`%s protocol requires parameter "%s" or "%s" to specify the schema registry`,
+				protocol,
 				codecOPTAvroSchemaRegistry,
 				coderOPTAvroGlueSchemaRegistry,
 			)
 		}
 
+		if c.Protocol == config.ProtocolDebeziumAvro && c.AvroGlueSchemaRegistry != nil {
+			return errors.ErrCodecInvalidConfig.GenWithStack(
+				`Debezium Avro protocol only supports "%s" for Confluent Avro Schema Registry`,
+				codecOPTAvroSchemaRegistry,
+			)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if c.Protocol == config.ProtocolAvro {
 		if c.AvroDecimalHandlingMode != DecimalHandlingModePrecise &&
 			c.AvroDecimalHandlingMode != DecimalHandlingModeString {
 			return errors.ErrCodecInvalidConfig.GenWithStack(
@@ -410,6 +439,28 @@ func (c *Config) Validate() error {
 		}
 	}
 
+	if c.Protocol == config.ProtocolDebeziumAvro {
+		if c.AvroDecimalHandlingMode != DecimalHandlingModePrecise &&
+			c.AvroDecimalHandlingMode != DecimalHandlingModeString {
+			return errors.ErrCodecInvalidConfig.GenWithStack(
+				`%s value could only be "%s" or "%s"`,
+				codecOPTAvroDecimalHandlingMode,
+				DecimalHandlingModeString,
+				DecimalHandlingModePrecise,
+			)
+		}
+
+		if c.AvroBigintUnsignedHandlingMode != BigintUnsignedHandlingModeLong &&
+			c.AvroBigintUnsignedHandlingMode != BigintUnsignedHandlingModeString {
+			return errors.ErrCodecInvalidConfig.GenWithStack(
+				`%s value could only be "%s" or "%s"`,
+				codecOPTAvroBigintUnsignedHandlingMode,
+				BigintUnsignedHandlingModeLong,
+				BigintUnsignedHandlingModeString,
+			)
+		}
+	}
+
 	if c.MaxMessageBytes <= 0 {
 		return errors.ErrCodecInvalidConfig.Wrap(
 			errors.Errorf("invalid max-message-bytes %d", c.MaxMessageBytes),

pkg/sink/codec/common/config_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Copyright 2026 PingCAP, Inc.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package common
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/pingcap/ticdc/pkg/config"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestDebeziumAvroSchemaRegistryConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	cfg := NewConfig(config.ProtocolDebeziumAvro)
+	cfg.AvroConfluentSchemaRegistry = "http://127.0.0.1:8081"
+	require.NoError(t, cfg.Validate())
+
+	cfg = NewConfig(config.ProtocolDebeziumAvro)
+	require.ErrorContains(t, cfg.Validate(), `Debezium Avro protocol requires parameter "schema-registry"`)
+
+	cfg = NewConfig(config.ProtocolDebeziumAvro)
+	cfg.AvroGlueSchemaRegistry = &config.GlueSchemaRegistryConfig{}
+	require.ErrorContains(t, cfg.Validate(), `Debezium Avro protocol only supports "schema-registry"`)
+
+	cfg = NewConfig(config.ProtocolDebezium)
+	cfg.AvroConfluentSchemaRegistry = "http://127.0.0.1:8081"
+	require.ErrorContains(t, cfg.Validate(), `Debezium protocol does not support schema registry`)
+}