BUG: copy np.ndarray inputs to Index constructor by default

pandas/core/indexes/base.py

@@ -482,7 +482,7 @@ def __new__(
         cls,
         data=None,
         dtype=None,
-        copy: bool = False,
+        copy: bool | None = None,
         name=None,
         tupleize_cols: bool = True,
     ) -> Self:
@@ -501,7 +501,7 @@ def __new__(
 
         # range
         if isinstance(data, (range, RangeIndex)):
-            result = RangeIndex(start=data, copy=copy, name=name)
+            result = RangeIndex(start=data, copy=bool(copy), name=name)
             if dtype is not None:
                 return result.astype(dtype, copy=False)
             # error: Incompatible return value type (got "MultiIndex",
@@ -517,7 +517,13 @@ def __new__(
             pass
 
         elif isinstance(data, (np.ndarray, ABCMultiIndex)):
-            if isinstance(data, ABCMultiIndex):
+            if isinstance(data, np.ndarray):
+                if copy is not False:
+                    if dtype is None or astype_is_view(data.dtype, pandas_dtype(dtype)):
+                        # GH 63306
+                        data = data.copy()
+                        copy = False
+            elif isinstance(data, ABCMultiIndex):
                 data = data._values
 
             if data.dtype.kind not in "iufcbmM":
@@ -569,7 +575,7 @@ def __new__(
                 data = com.asarray_tuplesafe(data, dtype=_dtype_obj)
 
         try:
-            arr = sanitize_array(data, None, dtype=dtype, copy=copy)
+            arr = sanitize_array(data, None, dtype=dtype, copy=bool(copy))
         except ValueError as err:
             if "index must be specified when data is not list-like" in str(err):
                 raise cls._raise_scalar_data_error(data) from err

pandas/tests/copy_view/index/test_index.py

@@ -150,3 +150,21 @@ def test_index_values():
     idx = Index([1, 2, 3])
     result = idx.values
     assert result.flags.writeable is False
+
+
+def test_constructor_copy_input_ndarray_default():
+    arr = np.array([0, 1])
+    idx = Index(arr)
+    assert not np.shares_memory(arr, get_array(idx))
+
+
+def test_series_from_temporary_index_readonly_data():
+    # GH 63370
+    arr = np.array([0, 1], dtype=np.dtype(np.int8))
+    arr.flags.writeable = False
+    ser = Series(Index(arr))
+    assert not np.shares_memory(arr, get_array(ser))
+    assert ser._mgr._has_no_reference(0)
+    ser[[False, True]] = np.array([0, 2], dtype=np.dtype(np.int8))
+    expected = Series([0, 2], dtype=np.dtype(np.int8))
+    tm.assert_series_equal(ser, expected)