Extract runtime wiring from governance umbrella PR

.github/workflows/typescript-e2e.yml

@@ -137,6 +137,25 @@ jobs:
         working-directory: ts-tests
         run: pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
 
+      - name: Install system dependencies
+        run: |
+          sudo DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive NEEDRESTART_MODE=a apt-get update
+          sudo DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive NEEDRESTART_MODE=a apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+            -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confdef" -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confold" \
+            build-essential clang curl git make libssl-dev llvm libudev-dev protobuf-compiler pkg-config
+
+      - name: Install Rust
+        uses: actions-rs/toolchain@v1
+        with:
+          toolchain: stable
+
+      - name: Utilize Shared Rust Cache
+        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
+        with:
+          key: e2e-runtime-upgrade
+          cache-on-failure: true
+          workspaces: ". -> ts-tests/tmp/cargo-target"
+
       - name: Run tests
         run: | 
           cd ts-tests

Cargo.toml

@@ -65,6 +65,8 @@ pallet-subtensor-swap = { path = "pallets/swap", default-features = false }
 pallet-subtensor-swap-runtime-api = { path = "pallets/swap/runtime-api", default-features = false }
 pallet-subtensor-swap-rpc = { path = "pallets/swap/rpc", default-features = false }
 pallet-multi-collective = { path = "pallets/multi-collective", default-features = false }
+pallet-signed-voting = { path = "pallets/signed-voting", default-features = false }
+pallet-referenda = { path = "pallets/referenda", default-features = false }
 procedural-fork = { path = "support/procedural-fork", default-features = false }
 safe-math = { path = "primitives/safe-math", default-features = false }
 share-pool = { path = "primitives/share-pool", default-features = false }

chain-extensions/src/mock.rs

@@ -431,6 +431,9 @@ impl pallet_subtensor::Config for Test {
     type CommitmentsInterface = CommitmentsI;
     type EvmKeyAssociateRateLimit = EvmKeyAssociateRateLimit;
     type AuthorshipProvider = MockAuthorshipProvider;
+    type OnRootRegistrationChange = ();
+    type RootRegisteredInspector = ();
+    type EmaValueProvider = ();
     type SubtensorPalletId = SubtensorPalletId;
     type BurnAccountId = BurnAccountId;
     type WeightInfo = ();

docs/governance/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+# On-Chain Governance
+
+Subtensor governance is implemented as track-based referenda backed by
+signed collective voting. The live runtime wiring is in
+`runtime/src/governance`; the generic building blocks are
+`pallets/referenda`, `pallets/signed-voting`, and
+`pallets/multi-collective`.
+
+Governance has two stages:
+
+1. A proposal is submitted by an authorized proposer and decided by the
+   three-member Triumvirate.
+2. If the Triumvirate approves it, the call is handed to a separate
+   collective review track where the Economic and Building collectives can
+   accelerate, delay, or cancel enactment.
+
+The governed call is dispatched as root only if it survives this flow.
+
+## Runtime Tracks
+
+| Track | Name | Submitters | Voters | Decision |
+| ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
+| `0` | `triumvirate` | `Proposers` collective | `Triumvirate` collective | `PassOrFail`: 7 day decision period, 2/3 approve, 2/3 reject. Approval delegates to track `1`. |
+| `1` | `review` | None | Union of `Economic` and `Building` | `Adjustable`: scheduled at 24 hours by default, adjustable up to 2 days, 75% approval fast-tracks, 51% rejection cancels. |
+
+Track `1` is intentionally not directly submittable. Its only entry point
+is the `ApprovalAction::Review` handoff from track `0`, so a proposer
+cannot bypass Triumvirate approval and place a root call directly into the
+review delay.
+
+Both tracks use `pallet-signed-voting`. When a referendum opens, the voting
+backend snapshots the eligible voter set and uses that snapshot for the
+entire poll. Members rotated out after the poll opens keep their vote on
+that poll; members rotated in later cannot vote on old polls. For the review
+track, the Economic and Building member lists are unioned and deduplicated,
+so an account present in both collectives counts once.
+
+## Collectives
+
+| Collective | Size | Rotation | Purpose |
+| ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
+| `Proposers` | min `1`, max `20` | Manual | Accounts allowed to submit on the Triumvirate track. |
+| `Triumvirate` | exactly `3` | Manual | Approval body for submitted proposals. |
+| `Economic` | exactly `16` | Every 60 days | Top root-registered validator coldkeys by smoothed stake value. |
+| `Building` | exactly `16` | Every 60 days | Top subnet-owner coldkeys by their best mature subnet price. |
+| `EconomicEligible` | max `64` | Automatic sync, no voting role | Candidate pool for `Economic`; mirrors coldkeys with at least one root-registered hotkey. |
+
+Membership is stored by `pallet-multi-collective`. In the runtime all
+membership mutation origins are root-gated, so changes to curated
+collectives are expected to go through governance once sudo/root authority
+is replaced by the governance flow. The rotating collectives can also be
+force-rotated by root.
+
+The rotating collectives have `min_members == max_members == 16`. If a
+rotation computes fewer than 16 eligible accounts, `set_members` fails the
+minimum-member check and the previous membership remains in storage. The
+failure is logged instead of partially rotating the set.
+
+## Economic Selection
+
+The Economic collective is selected from `EconomicEligible`, not directly
+from every account on chain.
+
+`EconomicEligible` is synchronized from root registration:
+
+- When a coldkey's root-registered hotkey count moves from `0` to `1`, the
+  coldkey is added to `EconomicEligible` and its root-registered EMA is
+  initialized at zero.
+- When the count moves from `1` to `0`, the coldkey is removed and its EMA
+  state is cleared.
+- The cap is `64`, matching the root subnet UID limit.
+
+Each block, `pallet-subtensor` advances the root-registered EMA sampler.
+The governance runtime provides the sample value through
+`StakeValueProvider`: liquid TAO balance plus the TAO value of alpha held
+by the coldkey's owned hotkeys across all subnets. The provider works in
+chunks of 8 subnets and values at most 256 owned hotkeys per sample.
+
+The EMA uses alpha `0.02`. A coldkey must have at least `210` completed
+samples before it can be selected for `Economic` membership. With the
+current sampler cadence this is roughly a 30 day warmup. At rotation time,
+the runtime ranks eligible coldkeys by descending EMA value and takes the
+top 16.
+
+## Building Selection
+
+The Building collective represents subnet owners.
+
+At rotation time, the runtime iterates all subnets and ignores any subnet
+younger than `MIN_SUBNET_AGE`, which is 180 days in production. For each
+remaining subnet it reads:
+
+- `NetworkRegisteredAt`
+- `SubnetMovingPrice`
+- `SubnetOwner`
+
+An owner may control more than one mature subnet. The runtime keeps only
+that owner's highest observed `SubnetMovingPrice`, then ranks owners by
+that best price and takes the top 16. This means one coldkey can receive at
+most one Building seat, even if it owns multiple high-priced subnets.
+
+## Referendum Lifecycle
+
+1. A member of `Proposers` calls `referenda.submit(0, call)`.
+2. `pallet-referenda` checks the proposer set, global queue limit
+   (`MaxQueued = 20`), and per-proposer limit (`MaxActivePerProposer = 5`).
+3. Triumvirate voters use `signed_voting.vote(index, approve)` or
+   `signed_voting.remove_vote(index)`.
+4. If 2/3 of the Triumvirate snapshot votes approve before 7 days elapse,
+   the parent referendum becomes `Delegated` and a child review referendum
+   is created on track `1`.
+5. If 2/3 reject, the referendum becomes `Rejected`. If neither threshold
+   is reached before the deadline, it becomes `Expired`.
+6. The review child schedules the root call at `submitted + 24 hours`.
+   Economic and Building voters can approve, reject, change their vote, or
+   remove their vote while the review is ongoing.
+7. If review approval reaches 75% of the snapshot, the call is rescheduled
+   for the next block and the referendum becomes `FastTracked`.
+8. If review rejection reaches 51%, the scheduled call is cancelled and the
+   referendum becomes `Cancelled`.
+9. Otherwise, net approval moves the scheduled block earlier and net
+   rejection moves it later, up to the 2 day maximum delay.
+10. When the scheduler invokes `referenda.enact`, the inner call is
+    dispatched with root origin and the referendum becomes `Enacted`. The
+    event records whether the inner dispatch returned an error.
+
+There is no proposer-only withdraw or cancel extrinsic in the current
+implementation. Privileged termination is `referenda.kill`, gated by root,
+and can kill an ongoing, approved, or fast-tracked referendum before
+dispatch.
+
+## Review Delay Formula
+
+Review uses the runtime's `EaseOutAdjustmentCurve`, so net vote progress is
+shaped as `1 - (1 - p)^3`. Early net collective signal has a visible effect
+on the dispatch delay, then the curve tapers off as the vote approaches the
+hard fast-track or cancel threshold.
+
+If approval is greater than or equal to rejection:
+
+```text
+net = approval - rejection
+progress = net / fast_track_threshold
+curved = 1 - (1 - progress)^3
+delay = initial_delay * (1 - curved)
+```
+
+If rejection is greater than approval:
+
+```text
+net = rejection - approval
+progress = net / cancel_threshold
+curved = 1 - (1 - progress)^3
+delay = initial_delay + curved * (max_delay - initial_delay)
+```
+
+With production constants, `initial_delay = 24 hours`,
+`max_delay = 2 days`, `fast_track_threshold = 75%`, and
+`cancel_threshold = 51%`. If a recomputed target is already in the past,
+the referendum is fast-tracked.
+
+## Storage and Audit Trail
+
+Referendum statuses remain queryable after conclusion. Votes are stored by
+`pallet-signed-voting` while a poll is active, then cleaned lazily after the
+poll completes. Per-voter records are no longer read after the tally is
+removed, so lazy cleanup affects storage hygiene rather than governance
+correctness.
+
+Relevant events:
+
+- `referenda.Submitted`
+- `referenda.Delegated`
+- `referenda.Rejected`
+- `referenda.Expired`
+- `referenda.FastTracked`
+- `referenda.Cancelled`
+- `referenda.Killed`
+- `referenda.Enacted`
+- `signed_voting.Voted`
+- `signed_voting.VoteRemoved`
+- `multi_collective.MemberAdded`
+- `multi_collective.MemberRemoved`
+- `multi_collective.MemberSwapped`
+- `multi_collective.MembersSet`
+
+## Implementation Map
+
+- `runtime/src/governance/collectives.rs`: collective ids, sizes, term
+  duration, and root-registration sync for `EconomicEligible`.
+- `runtime/src/governance/tracks.rs`: track ids, thresholds, delays, and
+  decision strategies.
+- `runtime/src/governance/member_set.rs`: single and union collective voter
+  sets with deduplication.
+- `runtime/src/governance/term_management.rs`: Economic and Building
+  rotation selection.
+- `runtime/src/governance/ema_provider.rs`: Economic stake-value sample
+  provider.
+- `pallets/referenda`: generic track state machine and scheduler wrapping.
+- `pallets/signed-voting`: per-account aye/nay voting with frozen voter-set
+  snapshots.
+- `pallets/multi-collective`: named collective membership and term
+  rotation hooks.

eco-tests/src/mock.rs

@@ -313,6 +313,9 @@ impl pallet_subtensor::Config for Test {
     type CommitmentsInterface = CommitmentsI;
     type EvmKeyAssociateRateLimit = EvmKeyAssociateRateLimit;
     type AuthorshipProvider = MockAuthorshipProvider;
+    type OnRootRegistrationChange = ();
+    type RootRegisteredInspector = ();
+    type EmaValueProvider = ();
     type SubtensorPalletId = SubtensorPalletId;
     type BurnAccountId = BurnAccountId;
     type WeightInfo = ();

pallets/admin-utils/src/tests/mock.rs

@@ -238,6 +238,9 @@ impl pallet_subtensor::Config for Test {
     type CommitmentsInterface = CommitmentsI;
     type EvmKeyAssociateRateLimit = EvmKeyAssociateRateLimit;
     type AuthorshipProvider = MockAuthorshipProvider;
+    type OnRootRegistrationChange = ();
+    type RootRegisteredInspector = ();
+    type EmaValueProvider = ();
     type SubtensorPalletId = SubtensorPalletId;
     type BurnAccountId = BurnAccountId;
     type WeightInfo = ();
@@ -400,7 +403,6 @@ parameter_types! {
     pub MaximumSchedulerWeight: Weight = Perbill::from_percent(80) *
         BlockWeights::get().max_block;
     pub const MaxScheduledPerBlock: u32 = 50;
-    pub const NoPreimagePostponement: Option<u32> = Some(10);
 }
 
 impl pallet_scheduler::Config for Test {

pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/root.rs

@@ -121,14 +121,15 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         // --- 8. Check if the root net is below its allowed size.
         // max allowed is senate size.
         if current_num_root_validators < Self::get_max_root_validators() {
-            // --- 12.1.1 We can append to the subnetwork as it's not full.
+            // We can append to the subnetwork as it's not full.
             subnetwork_uid = current_num_root_validators;
 
-            // --- 12.1.2 Add the new account and make them a member of the Senate.
+            // Add the new account and make them a member of the Senate.
             Self::append_neuron(NetUid::ROOT, &hotkey, current_block_number);
             log::debug!("add new neuron: {hotkey:?} on uid {subnetwork_uid:?}");
+            Self::increment_root_registered_hotkey_count(&coldkey);
         } else {
-            // --- 13.1.1 The network is full. Perform replacement.
+            // The network is full. Perform replacement.
             // Find the neuron with the lowest stake value to replace.
             let mut lowest_stake = AlphaBalance::MAX;
             let mut lowest_uid: u16 = 0;
@@ -145,19 +146,23 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             let replaced_hotkey: T::AccountId =
                 Self::get_hotkey_for_net_and_uid(NetUid::ROOT, subnetwork_uid)?;
 
-            // --- 13.1.2 The new account has a higher stake than the one being replaced.
+            // The new account has a higher stake than the one being replaced.
             ensure!(
                 lowest_stake < Self::get_stake_for_hotkey_on_subnet(&hotkey, NetUid::ROOT),
                 Error::<T>::StakeTooLowForRoot
             );
 
-            // --- 13.1.3 The new account has a higher stake than the one being replaced.
+            // The new account has a higher stake than the one being replaced.
             // Replace the neuron account with new information.
             Self::replace_neuron(NetUid::ROOT, lowest_uid, &hotkey, current_block_number);
 
             log::debug!(
                 "replace neuron: {replaced_hotkey:?} with {hotkey:?} on uid {subnetwork_uid:?}"
             );
+
+            let replaced_owner = Owner::<T>::get(&replaced_hotkey);
+            Self::decrement_root_registered_hotkey_count(&replaced_owner);
+            Self::increment_root_registered_hotkey_count(&coldkey);
         }
 
         // --- 13. Force all members on root to become a delegate.

pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs

@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ pub mod extensions;
 pub mod guards;
 pub mod macros;
 pub mod migrations;
+pub mod root_registered;
 pub mod rpc_info;
 pub mod staking;
 pub mod subnets;
@@ -82,6 +83,7 @@ pub const MAX_ROOT_CLAIM_THRESHOLD: u64 = 10_000_000;
 pub mod pallet {
     use crate::RateLimitKey;
     use crate::migrations;
+    use crate::root_registered::{EmaState, EmaValueProvider, InFlightEmaSample};
     use crate::staking::lock::LockState;
     use crate::subnets::leasing::{LeaseId, SubnetLeaseOf};
     use frame_support::Twox64Concat;
@@ -1406,6 +1408,36 @@ pub mod pallet {
     pub type OwnedHotkeys<T: Config> =
         StorageMap<_, Blake2_128Concat, T::AccountId, Vec<T::AccountId>, ValueQuery>;
 
+    /// Number of hotkeys controlled by this coldkey that are currently registered on the root subnet.
+    #[pallet::storage]
+    pub type RootRegisteredHotkeyCount<T: Config> =
+        StorageMap<_, Blake2_128Concat, T::AccountId, u32, ValueQuery>;
+
+    /// EMA state for each root-registered coldkey.
+    #[pallet::storage]
+    pub type RootRegisteredEma<T: Config> =
+        StorageMap<_, Blake2_128Concat, T::AccountId, EmaState, ValueQuery>;
+
+    /// Fixed coldkey snapshot used by the current EMA sampling cycle.
+    #[pallet::storage]
+    pub type CurrentCycleMembers<T: Config> =
+        StorageValue<_, BoundedVec<T::AccountId, ConstU32<64>>, ValueQuery>;
+
+    /// Internal: the EMA value provider for the runtime.
+    pub type EmaProviderOf<T> = <T as Config>::EmaValueProvider;
+
+    /// Internal: provider-owned progress for the coldkey currently being sampled.
+    pub type EmaProgressOf<T> = <EmaProviderOf<T> as EmaValueProvider<AccountIdOf<T>>>::Progress;
+
+    /// Internal: in-flight sample for the current coldkey. Present only
+    /// while `T::EmaValueProvider` has returned `SampleStep::Continue`.
+    pub type InFlightEmaSampleOf<T> = InFlightEmaSample<AccountIdOf<T>, EmaProgressOf<T>>;
+
+    /// Cursor and in-flight provider progress for the EMA sampling cycle.
+    #[pallet::storage]
+    pub type EmaSamplerState<T: Config> =
+        StorageValue<_, (u32, Option<InFlightEmaSampleOf<T>>), ValueQuery>;
+
     /// --- DMAP ( cold, netuid )--> hot | Returns the hotkey a coldkey will autostake to with mining rewards.
     #[pallet::storage]
     pub type AutoStakeDestination<T: Config> = StorageDoubleMap<