o01eg · o01eg · Jan 30, 2026 · Jan 30, 2026 · Jan 30, 2026 · Apr 17, 2020
diff --git a/.github/workflows/CI.yml b/.github/workflows/CI.yml
@@ -60,10 +60,79 @@ jobs:
         CC: ${{ matrix.c-compiler }}
         CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx-compiler }}
 
+  tests-android:
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.host }}
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        ndk-arch: [x86_64, arm64-v8a, x86, armeabi-v7a]
+        host: [ubuntu-24.04]
+        python-version: [3.8.20, 3.9.22, 3.10.17, 3.11.12]
+    name: python-android-${{ matrix.ndk-arch }}-${{ matrix.python-version }}-${{ matrix.host }}
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+      with:
+        fetch-depth: 0
+        path: src
+    - name: Enable KVM
+      run: |
+        echo 'KERNEL=="kvm", GROUP="kvm", MODE="0666", OPTIONS+="static_node=kvm"' | sudo tee /etc/udev/rules.d/99-kvm4all.rules
+        sudo udevadm control --reload-rules
+        sudo udevadm trigger --name-match=kvm
+    - name: Make build and prefix directories
+      run: |
+        mkdir build
+        mkdir install-prefix
+        mkdir bootstrap-build
+        mkdir bootstrap-install-prefix
+    - name: Check for bootstrap needed
+      id: check-bootstrap
+      shell: cmake -P {0}
+      run: |
+        string(REPLACE "." ";" VERSION_LIST "${{ matrix.python-version }}")
+        list(GET VERSION_LIST 0 PY_VERSION_MAJOR)
+        list(GET VERSION_LIST 1 PY_VERSION_MINOR)
+        list(GET VERSION_LIST 2 PY_VERSION_PATCH)
+        set(PY_VERSION "${PY_VERSION_MAJOR}.${PY_VERSION_MINOR}.${PY_VERSION_PATCH}")
+        if(PY_VERSION VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL "3.11")
+          file(APPEND "$ENV{GITHUB_OUTPUT}" "needed=yes")
+        endif()
+    - name: Bootstrap
+      if: steps.check-bootstrap.outputs.needed == 'yes'
+      run: |
+        cd bootstrap-build
+        cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX:PATH=../bootstrap-install-prefix -DPYTHON_VERSION=${{ matrix.python-version }} $(pwd)/../src/
+        cmake --build . -- VERBOSE=1
+        cmake --build . --target install
+    - name: run action
+      uses: reactivecircus/android-emulator-runner@v2
+      with:
+        api-level: ${{ startsWith(matrix.ndk-arch, 'x86') && 21 || 30 }}
+        target: ${{ startsWith(matrix.ndk-arch, 'x86') && 'default' || 'google_apis' }}
+        arch: ${{ matrix.ndk-arch == 'x86' && 'x86' || 'x86_64' }}
+        profile: Galaxy Nexus
+        cores: 2
+        ram-size: 2048M
+        sdcard-path-or-size: 100M
+        emulator-build: 7425822 # https://github.com/ReactiveCircus/android-emulator-runner/issues/160
+        avd-name: test
+        force-avd-creation: false
+        emulator-options: -no-snapshot-save -no-window -gpu swiftshader_indirect -noaudio -no-boot-anim -camera-back none
+        disable-animations: true
+        working-directory: build/
+        ndk: 23.0.7421159
+        channel: beta
+        script: |
+          adb devices
+          cmake -DANDROID_NDK=/usr/local/lib/android/sdk/ndk/23.0.7421159/ -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX:PATH=../install-prefix -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=/usr/local/lib/android/sdk/ndk/23.0.7421159/build/cmake/android.toolchain.cmake -DANDROID_ABI=${{ matrix.ndk-arch }} -DCMAKE_CROSSCOMPILING_EMULATOR=$(pwd)/../src/.github/workflows/adb-emu.sh -DANDROID_ALLOW_UNDEFINED_SYMBOLS=On -DENABLE_DECIMAL=Off -DENABLE_CTYPES=Off -DENABLE_CODECS_JP=OFF -DENABLE_CODECS_KR=OFF -DENABLE_CODECS_TW=OFF -DENABLE_MULTIBYTECODEC=OFF -DENABLE_CODECS_CN=OFF -DENABLE_CODECS_HK=OFF -DENABLE_CODECS_ISO2022=OFF -DBUILD_EXTENSIONS_AS_BUILTIN=On -DANDROID_PLATFORM=android-21 -DPYTHON_VERSION=${{ matrix.python-version }} -DBUILD_PYTHON=../bootstrap-install-prefix/bin/python $(pwd)/../src/
+          cmake --build . -- VERBOSE=1
+          cmake --build . --target install
+
+
   pass: # This job does nothing and is only used for the branch protection
     if: always()
     needs:
     - tests
+    - tests-android
 
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
 

diff --git a/.github/workflows/adb-emu.sh b/.github/workflows/adb-emu.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+adb push "$1" /data/local/tmp/ 1>/dev/null 2>/dev/null
+BINARY=$(basename "$1")
+if [ $# -eq 1 ]; then
+  adb shell "/data/local/tmp/${BINARY}"
+elif [ $# -eq 3 ]; then
+  adb push "$2" /data/local/tmp/ 1>/dev/null 2>/dev/null
+  adb shell "/data/local/tmp/${BINARY}" "/data/local/tmp/$(basename $2)" "/data/local/tmp/$(basename $3)"
+  adb pull "/data/local/tmp/$(basename $3)" "$3" 1>/dev/null 2>/dev/null
+elif [ $# -eq 4 ] && [ "${BINARY}" = "_freeze_importlib" ]; then
+  adb push "$3" /data/local/tmp/ 1>/dev/null 2>/dev/null
+  adb shell "/data/local/tmp/${BINARY}" "$2" "/data/local/tmp/$(basename $3)" "/data/local/tmp/$(basename $4)"
+  adb pull "/data/local/tmp/$(basename $4)" "$4" 1>/dev/null 2>/dev/null
+else
+  echo "Unknown number of arguments $# for ${BINARY}"
+  exit 1
+fi
diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -163,6 +163,28 @@ else()
     set(WITH_STATIC_DEPENDENCIES 0)
 endif()
 
+if(ANDROID AND PY_VERSION VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL "3.11")
+    set(BUILD_PYTHON "" CACHE PATH "path to build ``python`` binary for cross compiling")
+    if(NOT BUILD_PYTHON)
+        message(FATAL_ERROR "Cross compiling requires -DBUILD_PYTHON=<PATH>")
+    endif()
+    if(NOT EXISTS ${BUILD_PYTHON})
+        message(FATAL_ERROR "invalid or missing build python binary ${BUILD_PYTHON}")
+    endif()
+    execute_process(
+        COMMAND ${BUILD_PYTHON} -c "import sys; print(f'{sys.version_info.major}.{sys.version_info.minor}')"
+        OUTPUT_VARIABLE BUILD_PYTHON_VER
+        OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE
+        RESULT_VARIABLE BUILD_PYTHON_EXEC_RESULT
+    )
+    if(NOT BUILD_PYTHON_EXEC_RESULT EQUAL 0)
+        message(FATAL_ERROR "can not execute build python binary ${BUILD_PYTHON}")
+    endif()
+    if(NOT "${BUILD_PYTHON_VER}" STREQUAL "${PY_VERSION_MAJOR}.${PY_VERSION_MINOR}")
+        message(FATAL_ERROR "\"${BUILD_PYTHON}\" has incompatible version ${BUILD_PYTHON_VER} (expected: ${PY_VERSION_MAJOR}.${PY_VERSION_MINOR})")
+    endif()
+endif()
+
 # Detect source directory
 set(_landmark "pyconfig.h.in") # CMake will look for this file.
 if(NOT (SRC_DIR AND EXISTS ${SRC_DIR}/${_landmark}))
@@ -799,7 +821,7 @@ if(UNIX)
 
     # Makefile
     set(MAKEFILE_LDSHARED_FLAGS "-shared")
-    if(APPLE)
+    if(APPLE OR ANDROID)
         set(MAKEFILE_LDSHARED_FLAGS "-dynamiclib -headerpad_max_install_names -undefined dynamic_lookup")
     endif()
     configure_file(cmake/makefile-variables.in

diff --git a/cmake/ConfigureChecks.cmake b/cmake/ConfigureChecks.cmake
@@ -356,7 +356,11 @@ check_include_files(grp.h HAVE_GRP_H)
 check_include_files(ieeefp.h HAVE_IEEEFP_H)
 check_include_files(inttypes.h HAVE_INTTYPES_H) # libffi and cpython
 check_include_files(io.h HAVE_IO_H)
-check_include_files(langinfo.h HAVE_LANGINFO_H)
+if (ANDROID)
+  set(HAVE_LANGINFO_H 0) # Android cann't link functions from langinfo.h
+else()
+  check_include_files(langinfo.h HAVE_LANGINFO_H)
+endif()
 check_include_files(libintl.h HAVE_LIBINTL_H)
 check_include_files(libutil.h HAVE_LIBUTIL_H)
 check_include_files(linux/tipc.h HAVE_LINUX_TIPC_H)
@@ -532,7 +536,7 @@ find_library(HAVE_LIBTERMCAP termcap)
 set(LIBUTIL_LIBRARIES )
 set(LIBUTIL_EXPECTED 1)
 
-if(CMAKE_SYSTEM MATCHES "VxWorks\\-7$")
+if(ANDROID OR CMAKE_SYSTEM MATCHES "VxWorks\\-7$")
   set(LIBUTIL_EXPECTED 0)
   set(HAVE_LIBUTIL 0)
 endif()
@@ -1298,60 +1302,38 @@ python_platform_test(
 # Check for various properties of floating point
 #
 #######################################################################
-
-# Check whether C doubles are little-endian IEEE 754 binary64
-set(check_src ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/CMakeFiles/ac_cv_little_endian_double.c)
-file(WRITE ${check_src} "#include <string.h>
-int main() {
-    double x = 9006104071832581.0;
-    if (memcmp(&x, \"\\x05\\x04\\x03\\x02\\x01\\xff\\x3f\\x43\", 8) == 0)
-        return 0;
-    else
-        return 1;
-}
-")
-python_platform_test_run(
-  DOUBLE_IS_LITTLE_ENDIAN_IEEE754
-  "Checking whether C doubles are little-endian IEEE 754 binary64"
-  ${check_src}
-  DIRECT
-  )
-
-# Check whether C doubles are big-endian IEEE 754 binary64
 set(check_src ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/CMakeFiles/ac_cv_big_endian_double.c)
-file(WRITE ${check_src} "#include <string.h>
-int main() {
-    double x = 9006104071832581.0;
-    if (memcmp(&x, \"\\x43\\x3f\\xff\\x01\\x02\\x03\\x04\\x05\", 8) == 0)
-        return 0;
-    else
-        return 1;
-}
+file(WRITE ${check_src} "
+double d = 90904234967036810337470478905505011476211692735615632014797120844053488865816695273723469097858056257517020191247487429516932130503560650002327564517570778480236724525140520121371739201496540132640109977779420565776568942592.0;
 ")
-python_platform_test_run(
-  DOUBLE_IS_BIG_ENDIAN_IEEE754
-  "Checking whether C doubles are big-endian IEEE 754 binary64"
-  ${check_src}
-  DIRECT
-  )
 
-# Check whether C doubles are ARM mixed-endian IEEE 754 binary64
-set(check_src ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/CMakeFiles/ac_cv_mixed_endian_double.c)
-file(WRITE ${check_src} "#include <string.h>
-int main() {
-    double x = 9006104071832581.0;
-    if (memcmp(&x, \"\\x01\\xff\\x3f\\x43\\x05\\x04\\x03\\x02\", 8) == 0)
-        return 0;
-    else
-        return 1;
-}
-")
-python_platform_test_run(
-  DOUBLE_IS_ARM_MIXED_ENDIAN_IEEE754
-  "Checking doubles are ARM mixed-endian IEEE 754 binary64"
-  ${check_src}
-  DIRECT
-  )
+# TODO: factorize this try_compile statement
+try_compile(DOUBLE_BIG_ENDIAN_TEST_COMPILED
+        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}
+        ${check_src}
+        COMPILE_DEFINITIONS ${CMAKE_REQUIRED_DEFINITIONS}
+        COMPILE_DEFINITIONS ${CMAKE_REQUIRED_DEFINITIONS}
+        CMAKE_FLAGS -DCOMPILE_DEFINITIONS:STRING=${MACRO_CHECK_FUNCTION_DEFINITIONS}
+        "${CHECK_C_SOURCE_COMPILES_ADD_LIBRARIES}"
+        "${CHECK_C_SOURCE_COMPILES_ADD_INCLUDES}"
+        COPY_FILE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/double_big_endian.bin)
+
+if(DOUBLE_BIG_ENDIAN_TEST_COMPILED)
+    file(READ ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/double_big_endian.bin DOUBLE_BIG_ENDIAN_DATA)
+    string(FIND ${DOUBLE_BIG_ENDIAN_DATA} "noonsees" NOONSEES)
+    if(NOONSEES)
+        set(DOUBLE_IS_BIG_ENDIAN_IEEE754 1)
+        set(DOUBLE_IS_LITTLE_ENDIAN_IEEE754 0)
+    else()
+        string(FIND ${DOUBLE_BIG_ENDIAN_DATA} "seesnoon" SEESNOON)
+        if(SEESNOON)
+            set(DOUBLE_IS_BIG_ENDIAN_IEEE754 0)
+            set(DOUBLE_IS_LITTLE_ENDIAN_IEEE754 1)
+        else()
+            message(WARNING "Could not determine if double precision floats endianness")
+        endif()
+    endif()
+endif()
 
 # The short float repr introduced in Python 3.1 requires the
 # correctly-rounded string <-> double conversion functions from

diff --git a/cmake/Extensions.cmake b/cmake/Extensions.cmake
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ function(add_python_extension name)
             )
         endif()
 
-        if(APPLE)
+        if(APPLE OR ANDROID)
             set_target_properties(${target_name} PROPERTIES
                 LINK_FLAGS -Wl,-undefined,dynamic_lookup
                 SUFFIX .so

diff --git a/cmake/extensions/CMakeLists.txt b/cmake/extensions/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -373,16 +373,18 @@ add_python_extension(_xxtestfuzz
         _xxtestfuzz/fuzzer.c
 )
 
-# Python 3.8
-set(_wide_char_modifier "L")
-add_python_extension(_testinternalcapi
-    REQUIRES
-        IS_PY3_8_OR_GREATER
-    SOURCES
-        _testinternalcapi.c
-    DEFINITIONS
-        "PY3_DLLNAME=${_wide_char_modifier}\"python3$<$<CONFIG:Debug>:_d>\""
-)
+if (NOT ANDROID)
+    # Python 3.8
+    set(_wide_char_modifier "L")
+    add_python_extension(_testinternalcapi
+        REQUIRES
+            IS_PY3_8_OR_GREATER
+        SOURCES
+            _testinternalcapi.c
+        DEFINITIONS
+            "PY3_DLLNAME=${_wide_char_modifier}\"python3$<$<CONFIG:Debug>:_d>\""
+    )
+endif()
 
 # Python 3.9
 add_python_extension(_peg_parser ALWAYS_BUILTIN
@@ -417,9 +419,11 @@ add_python_extension(_xxsubinterpreters ${WIN32_BUILTIN}
         _xxsubinterpretersmodule.c
 )
 
-# UNIX-only extensions
-add_python_extension(fcntl REQUIRES UNIX SOURCES fcntlmodule.c)
-add_python_extension(grp REQUIRES UNIX SOURCES grpmodule.c)
+if(NOT ANDROID)
+    # UNIX-only extensions
+    add_python_extension(fcntl REQUIRES UNIX SOURCES fcntlmodule.c)
+    add_python_extension(grp REQUIRES UNIX SOURCES grpmodule.c)
+endif()
 
 set(nis_REQUIRES UNIX HAVE_LIBNSL)
 set(nis_LIBRARIES ${HAVE_LIBNSL})
@@ -834,6 +838,7 @@ elseif(${CMAKE_SIZEOF_VOID_P} EQUAL 4)
     if(HAVE_GCC_ASM_FOR_X87 AND
         (CMAKE_C_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "GNU" OR CMAKE_C_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "Clang")
         AND NOT CMAKE_SYSTEM MATCHES SunOS
+        AND NOT ANDROID
     )
         # solaris: problems with register allocation.
         # icc >= 11.0 works as well.

diff --git a/cmake/lib/CMakeLists.txt b/cmake/lib/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -37,20 +37,22 @@ endforeach()
 
 # Generate grammar tables in install directory
 # XXX Should a custom target be added to generate file at built time ?
-install(CODE "find_program(
-  PYTHON_EXECUTABLE python
-  HINTS \$ENV{DESTDIR}\${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/${BIN_INSTALL_DIR}
-  NO_DEFAULT_PATH)
-set(wrapper)
-if(UNIX)
-  set(_envvar LD_LIBRARY_PATH)
-  if(APPLE)
-    set(_envvar DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH)
-  endif()
-  set(wrapper env \${_envvar}=\$ENV{DESTDIR}\${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/${LIBPYTHON_LIBDIR})
+if(NOT ANDROID)
+    install(CODE "find_program(
+      PYTHON_EXECUTABLE python
+      HINTS \$ENV{DESTDIR}\${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/${BIN_INSTALL_DIR}
+      NO_DEFAULT_PATH)
+    set(wrapper)
+    if(UNIX)
+      set(_envvar LD_LIBRARY_PATH)
+      if(APPLE)
+        set(_envvar DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH)
+      endif()
+      set(wrapper env \${_envvar}=\$ENV{DESTDIR}\${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/${LIBPYTHON_LIBDIR})
+    endif()
+    execute_process(COMMAND \${wrapper} \${PYTHON_EXECUTABLE} -m lib2to3.pgen2.driver
+      \$ENV{DESTDIR}\${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/${PYTHONHOME}/lib2to3/Grammar.txt)
+    execute_process(COMMAND \${wrapper} \${PYTHON_EXECUTABLE} -m lib2to3.pgen2.driver
+      \$ENV{DESTDIR}\${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/${PYTHONHOME}/lib2to3/PatternGrammar.txt)
+    ")
 endif()
-execute_process(COMMAND \${wrapper} \${PYTHON_EXECUTABLE} -m lib2to3.pgen2.driver
-  \$ENV{DESTDIR}\${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/${PYTHONHOME}/lib2to3/Grammar.txt)
-execute_process(COMMAND \${wrapper} \${PYTHON_EXECUTABLE} -m lib2to3.pgen2.driver
-  \$ENV{DESTDIR}\${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/${PYTHONHOME}/lib2to3/PatternGrammar.txt)
-")
diff --git a/cmake/libpython/CMakeLists.txt b/cmake/libpython/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -744,6 +744,7 @@ set(LIBPYTHON_DEEPFREEZE_SOURCES )
 
 if(PY_VERSION VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL "3.11")
 
+if(NOT ANDROID)
 # Build _bootstrap_python executable
 add_executable(_bootstrap_python
     ${SRC_DIR}/Programs/_bootstrap_python.c
@@ -763,6 +764,7 @@ target_compile_definitions(_bootstrap_python
     PUBLIC
         Py_NO_ENABLE_SHARED
 )
+endif()
 
 list(APPEND LIBPYTHON_DEEPFREEZE_SOURCES
     ${SRC_DIR}/Python/deepfreeze/deepfreeze.c
@@ -773,7 +775,7 @@ set(DEEPFREEZE_PY ${SRC_DIR}/Tools/$<IF:$<VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL:${PY_VERSION},3.
 add_custom_command(
   OUTPUT ${LIBPYTHON_DEEPFREEZE_SOURCES}
   COMMAND
-    _bootstrap_python
+    $<IF:$<BOOL:${ANDROID}>,${BUILD_PYTHON},_bootstrap_python>
       ${DEEPFREEZE_PY}
         "${SRC_DIR}/Python/frozen_modules/importlib._bootstrap.h:importlib._bootstrap"
         "${SRC_DIR}/Python/frozen_modules/importlib._bootstrap_external.h:importlib._bootstrap_external"