Modernize Python tooling: migrate to uv, add type hints and strict li…

.devcontainer/devcontainer.json

@@ -21,7 +21,8 @@
         "charliermarsh.ruff",
         "eamodio.gitlens",
         "usernamehw.errorlens",
-        "gruntfuggly.todo-tree"
+        "gruntfuggly.todo-tree",
+        "xaver.clang-format"
       ],
       "settings": {
         "cmake.sourceDirectory": "${workspaceFolder}",
@@ -30,6 +31,7 @@
         "cmake.generator": "Ninja",
         "C_Cpp.clang_format_fallbackStyle": "Google",
         "C_Cpp.default.configurationProvider": "ms-vscode.cmake-tools",
+        "C_Cpp.default.cppStandard": "c++23",
         "editor.formatOnSave": true,
         "files.trimTrailingWhitespace": true,
         "python.defaultInterpreterPath": "/usr/bin/python3",
@@ -40,6 +42,9 @@
             "source.fixAll": "explicit",
             "source.organizeImports": "explicit"
           }
+        },
+        "[cpp]": {
+            "editor.defaultFormatter": "xaver.clang-format"
         }
       }
     }

Dockerfile

@@ -42,9 +42,8 @@ RUN update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/clang clang /usr/bin/clang-18 100 &&
     update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/clang-format clang-format /usr/bin/clang-format-18 100 && \
     update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/clang-tidy clang-tidy /usr/bin/clang-tidy-18 100
 
-# Install ruff for Python linting and formatting
-RUN pipx install ruff && pipx ensurepath
-ENV PATH="/root/.local/bin:${PATH}"
+# Install uv for fast Python package management (to /usr/local/bin for all users)
+RUN curl -LsSf https://astral.sh/uv/install.sh | env UV_INSTALL_DIR=/usr/local/bin sh
 
 # ... Developer comfort tools (optional, for interactive use) ...
 ARG INSTALL_DEV_TOOLS=false

cmake/python_venv.cmake

@@ -1,25 +1,54 @@
-function (configure_venv venv_name requirements_file)
-    find_package(Python3 COMPONENTS Interpreter REQUIRED)
+# Python virtual environment management using uv
+#
+# Usage:
+#   configure_venv(venv_name project_dir)
+#
+# This creates a virtual environment using uv and installs the project
+# in editable mode with dev dependencies.
+#
+# Sets ${venv_name}_PYTHON to the path of the Python interpreter in the venv.
+
+function(configure_venv venv_name project_dir)
     set(venv_path "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${venv_name}")
 
-    if(NOT EXISTS ${venv_path})
+    # Find uv - prefer system installation, fall back to common locations
+    find_program(UV_EXECUTABLE uv
+        HINTS
+            $ENV{HOME}/.cargo/bin
+            $ENV{HOME}/.local/bin
+            /usr/local/bin
+    )
+
+    if(NOT UV_EXECUTABLE)
+        message(FATAL_ERROR
+            "uv not found. Install it with: curl -LsSf https://astral.sh/uv/install.sh | sh"
+        )
+    endif()
+
+    message(STATUS "Using uv: ${UV_EXECUTABLE}")
+
+    # Create venv and install project with dev dependencies
+    if(NOT EXISTS "${venv_path}/bin/python3")
+        message(STATUS "Creating virtual environment: ${venv_name}")
         execute_process(
-            COMMAND ${Python3_EXECUTABLE} -m venv ${venv_path}
-            RESULT_VARIABLE venv_creation_result
+            COMMAND ${UV_EXECUTABLE} venv ${venv_path} --python 3.11
+            RESULT_VARIABLE venv_result
         )
-        if(NOT venv_creation_result EQUAL 0)
-            message(FATAL_ERROR "Failed to create virtual environment ${venv_name} at ${venv_path}")
+        if(NOT venv_result EQUAL 0)
+            message(FATAL_ERROR "Failed to create virtual environment: ${venv_name}")
         endif()
     endif()
 
+    # Install project in editable mode with dev dependencies using uv pip
+    message(STATUS "Installing ${venv_name} dependencies with uv")
     execute_process(
-        COMMAND ${venv_path}/bin/pip install -q -r ${requirements_file}
-        RESULT_VARIABLE pip_install_result
+        COMMAND ${UV_EXECUTABLE} pip install -e ${project_dir}[dev] --python ${venv_path}/bin/python3
+        RESULT_VARIABLE install_result
     )
-    if(NOT pip_install_result EQUAL 0)
-        message(FATAL_ERROR "Failed to install packages from ${requirements_file} into virtual environment ${venv_name}")
+    if(NOT install_result EQUAL 0)
+        message(FATAL_ERROR "Failed to install project into ${venv_name}")
     endif()
 
+    # Export the Python path
     set(${venv_name}_PYTHON ${venv_path}/bin/python3 PARENT_SCOPE)
-
 endfunction()

py/host-emulator/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 include("${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/python_venv.cmake")
 
-configure_venv(host_emulator_venv ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/requirements.txt)
+configure_venv(host_emulator_venv ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR})
 
 add_test(
     NAME host_emulator_test

py/host-emulator/pyproject.toml

@@ -1,27 +1,66 @@
-[tool.poetry]
+[project]
 name = "host-emulator"
 version = "0.1.0"
-description = ""
-authors = ["Nehal Patel <hereisnehal@gmail.com>"]
+description = "Host emulator for embedded C++ applications"
+authors = [{ name = "Nehal Patel", email = "hereisnehal@gmail.com" }]
 readme = "README.md"
-packages = [{include = "host_emulator", from = "src"}]
+requires-python = ">=3.11"
+dependencies = ["pyzmq>=25"]
 
-[tool.poetry.dependencies]
-python = "^3.11"
-pyzmq = "^25"
-pytest-cov = "^4.1.0"
+[project.optional-dependencies]
+dev = ["pytest>=8", "pytest-cov>=4", "ruff>=0.8", "mypy>=1.14"]
 
-[tool.poetry.dev-dependencies]
-black = "*"
-isort = "*"
-pytest = "*"
+[build-system]
+requires = ["hatchling"]
+build-backend = "hatchling.build"
 
-[tool.black]
-line-length = 79
+[tool.hatch.build.targets.wheel]
+packages = ["src/host_emulator"]
 
-[tool.isort]
-profile = "black"
+[tool.ruff]
+line-length = 88
+target-version = "py311"
+src = ["src", "tests"]
 
-[build-system]
-requires = ["poetry-core"]
-build-backend = "poetry.core.masonry.api"
+[tool.ruff.lint]
+select = [
+    "E",     # pycodestyle errors
+    "W",     # pycodestyle warnings
+    "F",     # Pyflakes
+    "I",     # isort
+    "B",     # flake8-bugbear
+    "C4",    # flake8-comprehensions
+    "UP",    # pyupgrade
+    "ARG",   # flake8-unused-arguments
+    "SIM",   # flake8-simplify
+    "TCH",   # flake8-type-checking
+    "PTH",   # flake8-use-pathlib
+    "RUF",   # Ruff-specific rules
+]
+ignore = [
+    "E501",  # line too long (handled by formatter)
+]
+
+[tool.ruff.lint.isort]
+known-first-party = ["host_emulator"]
+
+[tool.mypy]
+python_version = "3.11"
+strict = true
+warn_return_any = true
+warn_unused_ignores = true
+disallow_untyped_defs = true
+disallow_incomplete_defs = true
+check_untyped_defs = true
+disallow_untyped_decorators = true
+no_implicit_optional = true
+warn_redundant_casts = true
+warn_unused_configs = true
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = ["zmq.*"]
+ignore_missing_imports = true
+
+[tool.pytest.ini_options]
+testpaths = ["tests"]
+pythonpath = ["src"]

py/host-emulator/src/host_emulator/__init__.py

@@ -3,14 +3,16 @@
 from .common import Status, UnhandledMessageError
 from .emulator import DeviceEmulator
 from .i2c import I2C
-from .pin import Pin
+from .pin import Pin, PinDirection, PinState
 from .uart import Uart
 
 __all__ = [
+    "I2C",
     "DeviceEmulator",
     "Pin",
-    "Uart",
-    "I2C",
+    "PinDirection",
+    "PinState",
     "Status",
+    "Uart",
     "UnhandledMessageError",
 ]

py/host-emulator/src/host_emulator/common.py

@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@
 class UnhandledMessageError(Exception):
     """Exception raised when a message cannot be handled."""
 
-    pass
-
 
 class Status(Enum):
     """Status codes for emulator responses."""