Persian Compiler — کامپایلر فارسی

A compiler for a Persian-syntax programming language, built with Flex and Bison. Source programs are written entirely in Persian script (including keywords, identifiers, and numerals), and the compiler produces intermediate C code via a quadruple-based intermediate representation.

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Features

• Full Persian keyword set — all reserved words are valid Persian words
• Persian & ASCII numerals — mix ۱۲۳ and 123 freely
• Persian & ASCII punctuation — semicolons (؛/;), commas (،/,), and question marks (؟/?)
• Four primitive types — integer, real, character, boolean
• Structs, global/local variables, constants, and arrays
• Functions with typed parameters and return values
• Control flow — if/else, while, switch/case/default
• Rich operator set — arithmetic, relational, logical, assignment shortcuts, increment/decrement
• Intermediate code generation — outputs a valid C file (generatedCode.c) that can be compiled with any C compiler
• Parse trace — writes grammar rule reductions to output.txt for debugging

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Language Overview

Keywords

Persian	English equivalent
برنامه	program (entry point declaration)
ساختار	struct
ثابت	const
صحیح	int
اعشاری	real / float
حرف	char
منطقی	bool
درست	true
غلط	false
اگر	if
آنگاه	then
وگرنه	else
کلید	switch
حالت	case
پیشفرض	default
تمام	end (closes a switch block)
وقتی	while
برگردان	return
بشکن	break
و	and (&&)
یا	or (||)
یاوگرنه	xor
وهمچنین	also (short-circuit and)
خلاف	not (!)

Operators

Category	Operators
Arithmetic	+ - * / %
Relational	< > <= >= ==
Assignment	= += -= *= /=
Increment / Decrement	++ --
Unary	- (negation) * (array length) ؟/? (random element)

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Code Examples

Hello, Factorial

برنامه فاکتوریل

صحیح محاسبه_فاکتوریل (صحیح عدد) {
    اگر عدد < ۰ آنگاه برگردان -۱؛
    وگرنه اگر عدد == ۱ آنگاه برگردان ۱؛
    وگرنه {
        صحیح قبلی = محاسبه_فاکتوریل (عدد - ۱)؛
        برگردان قبلی * عدد؛
    }
}

صحیح اصلی () {
    صحیح نتیجه = محاسبه_فاکتوریل(۵)؛
}

While Loop & Switch/Case

برنامه جمله

صحیح اصلی () {
    صحیح کنترلگر = ۱۰؛
    صحیح مقدار = ۱؛

    وقتی (درست) {
        اگر کنترلگر < ۰ آنگاه بشکن؛
        وگرنه {
            مقدار *= کنترلگر؛
            کنترلگر--؛
        }
    }

    صحیح عملگر = ۲؛
    اعشاری اول = ۲.۵؛
    صحیح دوم = ۴؛

    کلید (عملگر)
    حالت ۱: { اول += دوم؛ بشکن؛ }؛
    حالت ۲: { اول = اول - دوم؛ بشکن؛ }؛
    پیشفرض: اول = ۰؛
    تمام
}

Structs

برنامه من

ساختار ماهی {
    ثابت صحیح آ = ۲۳؛
    اعشاری ب = ۰.۰۳؛
    حرف ث = 'آ'؛
    منطقی ت = درست؛
}

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Prerequisites

Tool	Purpose
Flex	Lexer generator
Bison	Parser generator
clang++ (C++14) or g++	Compiles the generated scanner and parser

Install on Debian/Ubuntu:

sudo apt-get install flex bison clang

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Build & Usage

# Build the compiler and run it against input.txt
make

# Clean all generated files
make clean

# Build with verbose parser output (parser.output)
make debug

The compiler reads from input.txt and produces:

Output file	Contents
output.txt	Grammar rule trace (one line per reduction)
generatedCode.c	Intermediate C code ready to compile

To execute the generated program:

clang generatedCode.c -o program && ./program

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Project Structure

Persian-Compiler/
├── lex.lex          # Flex lexer — tokenises Persian source code
├── parser.y         # Bison parser — grammar rules + intermediate code generation
├── llist.h          # Linked-list header (used for backpatching)
├── llist.cpp        # Linked-list implementation
├── Makefile         # Build rules
├── input.txt        # Sample program (main test input)
├── expression.txt   # Sample: expressions and arrays
├── function.txt     # Sample: functions and structs
└── statement.txt    # Sample: control-flow statements

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How It Works

Persian source (.txt)
        │
        ▼
  Lexer (Flex)          lex.lex   — converts Persian text to tokens,
        │                           handles both Persian & ASCII digits/punctuation
        ▼
  Parser (Bison)        parser.y  — validates grammar, builds symbol table,
        │                           emits quadruples (4-tuple intermediate representation)
        ▼
  Code Generator        parser.y  — translates quadruples to C statements,
        │                           writes generatedCode.c
        ▼
  generatedCode.c       — standard C file, compilable with clang/gcc

The intermediate representation uses quadruples of the form (operation, arg1, arg2, result), covering arithmetic, comparisons, control-flow jumps, array access, type casts, and print helpers.