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‎components/footer.html‎

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<footer>
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<small style="text-align:center; font-size:0.9rem; color:#777; display:block; margin-top:1rem;">
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&copy; <span id="current-year"></span> Robin. All rights reserved.
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&copy; <span id="current-year"></span> Robin C. All rights reserved.
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</small>
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</footer>

‎notes/courses/Japanese/ipa.md‎

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## IPA Chart for Japanese
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**bold = phonemic/<u>tense</u>**
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*italic = marginal / lax / loan‑only*
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### Consonants
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#### Plosives & Affricates
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| Place | Plosive(s) | Affricate(s) |
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|--------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
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| **Bilabial** | **p (pa パ / ぱ)**<br>**b (ba バ / ば)** | — |
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| **Alveolar** | **t (ta タ / た)**<br>**d (da ダ / だ)** | **ts (tsu ツ / つ)**<br>*t͡sɛ/tsa/tso* (ツェ / つぇ ツァ / つぁ ツォ / つぉ)<br>**t͡ɕ (chi チ / ち)**<br>**d͡ʑ (ji ジ / じ ・ ぢ)** |
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| **Palatal** | — | *t͡ʃ (che チェ / ちぇ)* |
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| **Velar** | **k (ka カ / か)**<br>**g (ga ガ / が)** | — |
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| **Glottal** | **ʔ (ッ / っ)** | — |
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---
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#### Nasals & Tap/Flap
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| Place | Nasal(s) | Tap / Flap |
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|---------------|-----------------------------------------|-----------------|
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| **Bilabial** | **m (ma マ / ま)** | — |
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| **Alveolar** | **n (na ナ / な)** | **ɾ (ra ラ / ら)** |
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| **Palatal** | *(ɲ (nya ニャ / にゃ))* | — |
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| **Velar** | *(ŋ (音便 / ん変化))* | — |
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| **Uvular** | **ɴ (ん / ン)** | — |
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---
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#### Fricatives
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| Place | Fricative(s) |
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|------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
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| **Bilabial** | **ɸ (fu フ / ふ)**<br>*fa (ファ / ふぁ)*  *fi (フィ / ふぃ)*  *fe (フェ / ふぇ)*  *fo (フォ / ふぉ)* |
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| **Alveolar** | **s (sa サ / さ)**<br>**z (za ザ / ざ)** |
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| **Postalveolar** | **ɕ (shi シ / し)**<br>*ʑ (zhi ジ / じ)* |
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| **Palatal** | **ç (hi ヒ / ひ)** |
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| **Velar/Glottal**| **h〈a/e/o〉 (ha ハ / は)**<br>**h〈u〉 (fu フ / ふ)** |
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---
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#### Approximants
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| Place | Approximant(s) |
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|------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
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| **Palatal**| **j (ya ヤ / や)**<br>*ɥ (yu ユ / ゆ)* |
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| **Velar** | **ɰ (wa ワ / わ)**<br>*wi (ウィ / うぃ)* *we (ウェ / うぇ)* *wo (ウォ / うぉ)* |
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---
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#### Trill / Lateral
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> *(none phonemic — the Japanese “r” is a flap; lateral /l/ appears only in some loans)*
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---
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### Vowels
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| Height | Front | Central | Back |
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|-------------|---------------------------------------------|---------------------------------|----------------------------------------------|
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| **High** | **i (い / イ)**<br>*ɪ (ィ / ぃ)* | | **ɯ (う / ウ)**<br>*u (ゥ / ぅ)* |
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| **Mid** | **e (え / エ)**<br>*ɛ (ェ / ぇ)* | *ə* (schwa in loans) | **o (お / オ)**<br>*ɔ (ォ / ぉ)* |
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| **Low** | | **a (あ / ア)** | |
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> **Core Japanese vowels** are tense monophthongs (bold).
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> Lax/central vowels appear only in loanwords with small kana (italics).
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---
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### Borrowed (Extended Katakana) Clusters
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| Katakana | Hiragana | Romaji | IPA | Mapped Cell |
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|----------------|----------------|--------|-----------|----------------------------|
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| ツァ | つぁ | tsa | t͡sa | alveolar affricate |
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| ツェ | つぇ | tse | t͡se | “ |
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| ツォ | つぉ | tso | t͡so | “ |
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| ファ | ふぁ | fa | ɸa | bilabial fricative |
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| フィ | ふぃ | fi | ɸi | “ |
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| フェ | ふぇ | fe | ɸe | “ |
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| フォ | ふぉ | fo | ɸo | “ |
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| ウィ | うぃ | wi | ɰi | velar approximant |
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| ウェ | うぇ | we | ɰe | “ |
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| ウォ | うぉ | wo | ɰo | “ |
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| ティ | てぃ | ti | ti | alveolar plosive |
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| ディ | でぃ | di | di | “ |
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| トゥ | つぅ | tu | tɯ | “ |
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| ドゥ | どぅ | du | dɯ | “ |
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| デュ | でゅ | dyu | dʲɯ | palatalized |
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| シェ | しぇ | she | ɕe | postalveolar fricative |
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| チェ | ちぇ | che | t͡ɕe | palatal affricate |
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| ジェ | じぇ | je | dʑe | voiced palatal affricate |
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> These extended clusters approximate foreign sounds (f, v, θ, ð, ʃ, tʃ, dʒ, w) while mapping into existing Japanese IPA cells.

‎notes/courses/LING-UA-1/hw7.md‎

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location: St. Catharines, ON
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This is a problem really gets me wonder 'What is Googology?' during the summer, and I ended up reading about it. When I wrote this I was in my last days of high school, coming across a instagram reel gives the question of comparing $2^{100!}$ and $(2^{100})!$ (the reel was just making fun about math), we ended up arguing about this and come up with different methods to proof our ideas.
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This is a problem really gets me wonder 'What is Googology?' during the summer, and I ended up reading about it. When I wrote this I was in my last days of high school, coming across a instagram reel gives the question of comparing $2^{100!}$ and $(2^{100})!$ (the reel was just a joke btw), we ended up arguing about this and come up with different methods to proof our ideas.
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## Numerical Method
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To put in a personal response from myself to the problem,
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When I was in primary school, a weekend morning when I just woke up, I heard two voices in a wierd tone that I couldn't understand. But I then realized it was my parents talking about something in mandarin, before realizing it I didn't recognize the language they were speaking, and that was super interesting.
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When I was in primary school, a weekend morning when I just woke up, I heard two voices in a weird tone that I couldn't understand. But I then realized it was my parents talking about something in mandarin, before realizing it I didn't recognize the language they were speaking, and that was super interesting.
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Because I come to that 'aha' moment through thinking the sentence: "What are they talking about?(他们在说什么？)" (In Mandarin Chinese, which is the only language I spoke at the moment) in my head. Then I just found the string of sounds they are speaking becomes familiar and interpretable. So yes, I think my answer to the problem is that people, at least people who have learned to speak one language, think in terms of language; that might not be a conclusive answer to the question, it is the best one I can get.

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## The rationale
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It's such a wierd idea to compare a natural language to programming langueges, since I have put some thought into this, I'd better write it out.
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It's such a weird idea to compare a natural language to programming langueges, since I have put some thought into this, I'd better write it out.
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## Learning
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The Chinese language is known for it's difficulty to learn; personally, I don't think this is true, every language have the same difficulty to learn, as they are created equally complex with the equal intellectuals of the human mind. However, a number of factors may influence one's perception on that. To English speakers, Chinese might be the most distinct language to encounter compared to English.

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