feat(elasticsearch): add transform query optimization with smart filtering

[ricardozanini]

Summary

Implements Elasticsearch Transform query optimization to maintain constant performance as data scales:

• Smart filtering: Transforms process only recent events (< 1h) + active workflows, skipping old completed workflows already aggregated into normalized indices
• Configurable settings: Time window (data-index.transform.smart-filter.time-window, default 1h) and ILM retention (data-index.ilm.raw-events-retention, default 30d) with startup validation
• Field-level idempotency: Proper handling of out-of-order events using COALESCE-equivalent logic in Painless scripts

Implementation Details

Smart Filtering Query

Replaces match_all with bool/should query:

{
  "bool": {
    "should": [
      {"range": {"@timestamp": {"gte": "now-1h"}}},
      {
        "bool": {
          "filter": [{"range": {"@timestamp": {"lt": "now-1h"}}}],
          "must_not": [
            {"term": {"eventType.keyword": "io.serverlessworkflow.workflow.completed.v1"}},
            {"term": {"eventType.keyword": "io.serverlessworkflow.workflow.faulted.v1"}},
            {"term": {"eventType.keyword": "io.serverlessworkflow.workflow.cancelled.v1"}}
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

Configuration Properties

• data-index.transform.smart-filter.time-window - Process events from last N (default: 1h)
• data-index.ilm.raw-events-retention - Delete raw events after N (default: 30d)
• Validation ensures time-window ≤ retention period

Placeholder Replacement

JSON templates use {TIME_WINDOW} and {RETENTION_PERIOD} placeholders replaced at runtime during schema initialization.

Test Plan

• Unit tests pass (25 tests, 0 failures)
• Smart filtering integration tests (recent events, old active workflows, old completed workflows)
• Configuration validation tests (invalid formats, time-window > retention)
• Regression tests pass (existing functionality preserved)
• E2E test on KIND cluster (events flow through complete pipeline)
• Manual verification: transform query shows smart filtering, events normalized correctly

Performance Impact

Before: Processes all events every run (scales linearly with total events)
After: Processes only recent + active events (constant performance regardless of total events)

Example: With 365K events (1 year @ 1K/day), transform processes ~3K events instead of 365K.

Documentation

• Updated CLAUDE.md with smart filtering configuration
• Added TRANSFORM_OPTIMIZATION.md user guide
• Implementation plan in docs/superpowers/plans/2026-05-13-elasticsearch-transform-optimization-pr1.md

Related

• Design spec: docs/superpowers/specs/2026-05-13-elasticsearch-transform-optimization-design.md
• Fixes E2E test to query date-based indices (workflow-events-* pattern)

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