Quicksort

.travis.yml

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ language: python
 python:
   - "2.7"
   - "3.5"
+
 install:
  - pip install -e .[test]
 

README.md

@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/julienawilson/data-structures.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/julienawilson/data-structures)
 
 # Data Structures
+=======
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/julienawilson/data-structures.svg?branch=bst)](https://travis-ci.org/julienawilson/data-structures)
+
+# data-structures
+>>>>>>> 2f8af436a8271e1a77876030b065993c23274041
 Patrick Saunders and Julien Wilson
 <br>
 Data Structures created in Python401
@@ -26,7 +31,7 @@ A linked list that points in both directions
 A tree of nodes sorted by values less than and greater than root branching to the left and right, respectively.
 
 Methods include:
-* insert(self, val): Insert value into tree; if value already exists, ignore it.
+* insert(self, val): Insert value into tree; if value already exists, ignore it. Method autobalances after insertion, and tree size increments by one.
 * search(self, val): Return node containing that value, else None.
 * size(self): Return number of nodes/vertices in tree, 0 if empty.
 * depth(self): Return number of levels in tree. Tree with one value has depth of 0.
@@ -35,3 +40,35 @@ Methods include:
     Trees that are higher on the left than the right should return a positive value;
     trees that are higher on the right than the left should return a negative value;
     an ideally-balanced tree should return 0.
+* in_order(self): Return a generator that returns each node value from in-order traversal.
+* pre_order(self): Return a generator that returns each node value from pre-order traversal.
+* post_order(self): Return a generator that returns each node value from post_order traversal.
+* breadth_first(self): Return a generator returns each node value from breadth-first traversal.
+* delete(value): Delete a node's connections (edges), effectively deleting node. Method autobalances after deletion, and tree size decrements by one.
+
+##Hash Table
+Stores key-value pairs using a given hashing algorithm. Choices for hashing algorithms are additive hash and xor hash. 
+Additive hash sums the Unicode code point for each letter in the word or string, then calls modulo with the number of buckets in the table.
+XOR hash runs exclusive or with the letters of the word or string.
+
+Methods include:
+set(key, value): Add a key-value pair to the hash table.
+get(key): Retrieve a value for the given key.
+
+##Trie Trees
+Module is an implementation of a trie tree, using nested dictionaries instead of nodes.
+
+Words branch out from root, with root's immediate children being
+the initial letter of each word. Words can then branch from that initial,
+as well as from initial substrings.
+
+Methods include:
+contains(word): Check to see whether a word is in the tree. O(k), where k is the length of the given word.
+insert(word): Inserts a word into the trie tree. O(k), where k is the length of the given word.
+
+##Quicksort
+An Implementation of a Quicksort sorting algorithm.
+
+Quicksort recursively divides the list in to two pieces around a pivot point, separating smaller and larger items, until the list is totally sorted.
+
+When the script is run from the terminal, timit times 1000 executions of the code on a 200 item list.  Timit does this three times and returns the results, in seconds.

src/bst.py

@@ -1,15 +1,23 @@
 """Classes for binary search tree.
 
 Methods include:
-insert(self, val): Insert value into tree; if value already exists, ignore it.
-search(self, val): Return node containing that value, else None.
-size(self): Return number of nodes/vertices in tree, 0 if empty.
-depth(self): Return number of levels in tree. Tree with one value has depth of 0.
-contains(self, val): Return True if value is in tree, False if not.
-balance(self): Return a positive or negative integer representing tree's balance.
+insert(val): Insert value into tree; if value already exists, ignore it.
+    Method autobalances after insertion, and tree size increments by one.
+search(val): Return node containing that value, else None.
+size(): Return number of nodes/vertices in tree, 0 if empty.
+depth(): Return number of levels in tree. Tree with one value has depth of 0.
+contains(val): Return True if value is in tree, False if not.
+balance(): Return a positive or negative integer representing tree's balance.
     Trees that are higher on the left than the right should return a positive value;
     trees that are higher on the right than the left should return a negative value;
     an ideally-balanced tree should return 0.
+in_order(): Return a generator that returns each node value from in-order traversal.
+pre_order(): Return a generator that returns each node value from pre-order traversal.
+post_order(): Return a generator that returns each node value from post_order traversal.
+breadth_first(): Return a generator returns each node value from breadth-first traversal.
+delete(value): Delete a node's connections (edges), effectively deleting node.
+    Method autobalances after deletion, and tree size decrements by one.
+
 """
 
 from queue import Queue
@@ -18,11 +26,12 @@
 class Node():
     """Node object for the binary search tree."""
 
-    def __init__(self, value, left=None, right=None):
+    def __init__(self, value, left=None, right=None, parent=None):
         """Instantiate a node object."""
         self.value = value
         self.left = left
         self.right = right
+        self.parent = parent
 
 
 class BinarySearchTree():
@@ -36,7 +45,7 @@ def __init__(self):
         self._size = 0
         self.root = None
 
-    def insert(self, value):
+    def insert(self, value, autobalance=True):
         """Insert a value in to the binary search tree."""
         if self.root is None:
             self.root = Node(value)
@@ -49,17 +58,21 @@ def insert(self, value):
                     current_node = current_node.left
                 else:
                     current_node.left = Node(value)
+                    current_node.left.parent = current_node
                     self._size += 1
                     break
             elif value > current_node.value:
                 if current_node.right:
                     current_node = current_node.right
                 else:
                     current_node.right = Node(value)
+                    current_node.right.parent = current_node
                     self._size += 1
                     break
             else:
                 break
+        if autobalance:
+            self._autobalance()
 
     def search(self, value):
         """Search the Binary Search Tree for a value, return node or none."""
@@ -123,19 +136,96 @@ def contains(self, value):
                 else:
                     return False
 
-    def balance(self):
-        """Return numerical representation of how balanced the tree is."""
-        if self.root.left:
-            depth_left = self.depth(self.root.left)
+    def balance(self, node='root'):
+        """Return numerical representation of how balanced the tree (or branches) is."""
+        if node is None:
+            return 0
+        if node == 'root':
+            node = self.root
+        if node.left:
+            depth_left = self.depth(node.left) + 1
         else:
             depth_left = 0
-        if self.root.right:
-            depth_right = self.depth(self.root.right)
+        if node.right:
+            depth_right = self.depth(node.right) + 1
         else:
             depth_right = 0
         balance = depth_right - depth_left
         return balance
 
+    def _autobalance(self, node=None):
+        """Make sure tree rebalances itself."""
+        if node is None:
+            node = self.root
+        nodes = self.post_order()
+        while True:
+            try:
+                this_node = next(nodes)
+                if abs(self.balance(this_node)) > 1:
+                    self._rebalance(this_node)
+            except StopIteration:
+                break
+
+                # pass
+
+    def _rebalance(self, node):
+        """Balance the given node."""
+        if self.balance(node) > 1:
+            if self.balance(node.right) >= 1:
+                self._rotate_left(node)
+            else:
+                self._rotate_right(node.right)
+                self._rotate_left(node)
+        elif self.balance(node) < -1:
+            if self.balance(node.left) <= -1:
+                self._rotate_right(node)
+            else:
+                self._rotate_left(node.left)
+                self._rotate_right(node)
+
+    def _rotate_right(self, node, holder_node=None):
+        """Helper function to shift nodes clockwise."""
+        if node is None:
+            return
+        try:
+            if node.left.right:
+                holder_node = node.left.right
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+        if node.left:
+            node.left.parent = node.parent
+            node.left.right = node
+        if node.parent:
+            node.parent.left = node.left
+        node.parent = node.left
+        node.left = holder_node
+        if holder_node:
+            node.left.parent = node
+        if node == self.root:
+            self.root = node.parent
+
+    def _rotate_left(self, node, holder_node=None):
+        """Helper function to shift nodes counterclockwise."""
+        if node is None:
+            return
+        try:
+            if node.right.left:
+                holder_node = node.right.left
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+
+        if node.right:
+            node.right.parent = node.parent
+            node.right.left = node
+        if node.parent:
+            node.parent.right = node.right
+        node.parent = node.right
+        node.right = holder_node
+        if holder_node:
+            node.right.parent = node
+        if node == self.root:
+            self.root = node.parent
+
     def in_order(self):
         """Return generator that returns tree values one at a time using in-order traversal."""
         stack = []
@@ -191,3 +281,43 @@ def breadth_first(self):
             if current_node.right:
                 trav_list.enqueue(current_node.right)
             yield current_node
+
+    def delete(self, value, autobalance=True):
+        """Get rid of a node. Or at least its connection."""
+        target_node = self.search(value)
+        if not target_node:
+            return
+        if not (target_node.left or target_node.right):
+            if target_node.value > target_node.parent.value:
+                target_node.parent.right = None
+            else:
+                target_node.parent.left = None
+        elif not (target_node.left and target_node.right):
+            if target_node.left:
+                target_node.left.parent = target_node.parent
+                target_node.parent.left = target_node.left
+            else:
+                target_node.right.parent = target_node.parent
+                target_node.parent.right = target_node.right
+        else:
+            current_node = target_node.right
+            while current_node.left:
+                current_node = current_node.left
+            replace_node = current_node
+            self.delete(current_node.value)
+            self._size += 1  # undoes size change within delete
+            if target_node.parent:
+                replace_node.parent = target_node.parent
+                if replace_node.value < target_node.value:
+                    target_node.parent.left = replace_node
+                else:
+                    target_node.parent.right = replace_node
+            replace_node.left = target_node.left
+            replace_node.right = target_node.right
+        target_node.parent = None
+        target_node.left = None
+        target_node.right = None
+        self._size -= 1
+        if autobalance:
+            self._autobalance()
+

src/hash_table.py

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+"""Class for hash tables.
+
+Choices for hashing algorithms are additive hash and xor hash. 
+Additive hash sums the Unicode code point for each letter in the word or string, 
+then calls modulo with the number of buckets in the table.
+XOR hash runs exclusive or with the letters of the word or string.
+Methods include:
+set(key, value): Add a key-value pair to the hash table.
+get(key): Retrieve a value for the given key.
+
+"""
+
+
+
+class HashTable(object):
+    """Something something."""
+
+    def __init__(self, size, hash_alg='additive'):
+        """Initialize a hash table."""
+        self._size = size
+        self.buckets = [[] for bucket in range(self._size)]
+        self._hash_alg = self._hash(hash_alg)
+
+    def _hash(self, hash_alg):
+        if hash_alg == 'additive':
+            return self._additive_hash
+        if hash_alg == 'xor':
+            return self._xor_hash
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("Please enter a valid hash algorithm.  The options are 'additive' and 'xor'.")
+
+    def _additive_hash(self, word):
+        """Return Additive hash value."""
+        return sum([ord(char) for char in list(word)]) % self._size
+
+    def _xor_hash(self, word):
+        """Return a xor hash."""
+        hash_val = 0
+        for i in range(len(word)):
+            hash_val ^= ord(word[i])
+        return hash_val
+
+    def set(self, key, value):
+        """Set a new key-value pair in the hash table."""
+        if type(key) is not str:
+            raise TypeError("Key for hash table must be a string.")
+        hash_val = self._hash_alg(key)
+        for pair in self.buckets[hash_val]:
+            if pair[0] == key:
+                pair[1] = value
+                return
+        self.buckets[hash_val].append([key, value])
+
+    def get(self, key):
+        """Get the value from the hash table."""
+        if type(key) is not str:
+            raise TypeError("Key for hash table must be a string.")
+        hash_val = self._hash_alg(key)
+        for pair in self.buckets[hash_val]:
+            if pair[0] == key:
+                return pair[1]
+        return

src/insertion_sort.py

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+"""Insertion sort."""
+
+
+def insertion_sort(some_list):
+    """It sorts."""
+    if not hasattr(some_list, "__iter__"):
+        raise(TypeError)
+    idx = 0
+    while idx < len(some_list) - 1:
+        if some_list[idx] > some_list[idx + 1]:
+            some_list[idx], some_list[idx + 1] = some_list[idx + 1], some_list[idx]
+            bw_list = some_list[:idx][::-1]
+            bw_idx = idx
+            for i in range(len(bw_list)):
+                # import pdb; pdb.set_trace()
+                if some_list[bw_idx] < bw_list[i]:
+                    some_list[bw_idx], bw_list[i] = bw_list[i], some_list[bw_idx]
+                bw_idx -= 1
+        idx += 1
+    return some_list
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+
+    import timeit
+    import random
+
+    def build_random_list():
+        """Build a random list to sort."""
+        rand_list = [random.randint(0, 1000) for i in range(200)]
+        return rand_list
+
+    lst = build_random_list()
+
+    print(timeit.repeat(stmt='insertion_sort(lst)',
+                        setup='from __main__ import insertion_sort, lst, random', repeat=3,
+                        number=1000
+                        )
+          )