Rust: Remove restriction that blanket(-like) impls must have a constraint

rust/ql/lib/codeql/rust/frameworks/stdlib/Stdlib.qll

@@ -5,7 +5,10 @@
 private import rust
 private import codeql.rust.Concepts
 private import codeql.rust.dataflow.DataFlow
+private import codeql.rust.dataflow.FlowSummary
 private import codeql.rust.internal.PathResolution
+private import codeql.rust.internal.typeinference.Type
+private import codeql.rust.internal.typeinference.TypeMention
 
 /**
  * A call to the `starts_with` method on a `Path`.
@@ -297,3 +300,28 @@ class Vec extends Struct {
   /** Gets the type parameter representing the element type. */
   TypeParam getElementTypeParam() { result = this.getGenericParamList().getTypeParam(0) }
 }
+
+private class ReflexiveFrom extends SummarizedCallable::Range {
+  ReflexiveFrom() {
+    exists(ImplItemNode impl |
+      impl.resolveTraitTy().(Trait).getCanonicalPath() = "core::convert::From" and
+      this = impl.getAnAssocItem() and
+      impl.isBlanketImplementation() and
+      this.getParam(0)
+          .getTypeRepr()
+          .(TypeMention)
+          .resolveType()
+          .(TypeParamTypeParameter)
+          .getTypeParam() = impl.getTypeParam(0)
+    )
+  }
+
+  override predicate propagatesFlow(
+    string input, string output, boolean preservesValue, string model
+  ) {
+    input = "Argument[0]" and
+    output = "ReturnValue" and
+    preservesValue = true and
+    model = "ReflexiveFrom"
+  }
+}

rust/ql/lib/codeql/rust/internal/typeinference/BlanketImplementation.qll

@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ module SatisfiesBlanketConstraint<
 
   /**
    * Holds if the argument type `at` satisfies the first non-trivial blanket
-   * constraint of `impl`.
+   * constraint of `impl`, or if there are no non-trivial constraints of `impl`.
    */
   pragma[nomagic]
   predicate satisfiesBlanketConstraint(ArgumentType at, ImplItemNode impl) {
@@ -135,6 +135,11 @@ module SatisfiesBlanketConstraint<
       SatisfiesBlanketConstraintInput::relevantConstraint(ato, impl, traitBound) and
       SatisfiesBlanketConstraint::satisfiesConstraintType(ato, TTrait(traitBound), _, _)
     )
+    or
+    exists(TypeParam blanketTypeParam |
+      hasBlanketCandidate(at, impl, _, blanketTypeParam) and
+      not hasFirstNonTrivialTraitBound(blanketTypeParam, _)
+    )
   }
 
   /**

rust/ql/lib/codeql/rust/internal/typeinference/FunctionOverloading.qll

@@ -57,12 +57,26 @@ private predicate implSiblings(TraitItemNode trait, Impl impl1, Impl impl2) {
   )
 }
 
+pragma[nomagic]
+private predicate isBlanketImpl(ImplItemNode impl, Trait trait) {
+  impl.isBlanketImplementation() and
+  trait = impl.resolveTraitTy()
+}
+
 /**
  * Holds if `impl` is an implementation of `trait` and if another implementation
  * exists for the same type.
  */
 pragma[nomagic]
-private predicate implHasSibling(Impl impl, Trait trait) { implSiblings(trait, impl, _) }
+private predicate implHasSibling(ImplItemNode impl, Trait trait) {
+  implSiblings(trait, impl, _)
+  or
+  exists(ImplItemNode other |
+    isBlanketImpl(impl, trait) and
+    isBlanketImpl(other, trait) and
+    impl != other
+  )
+}
 
 /**
  * Holds if type parameter `tp` of `trait` occurs in the function `f` with the name

rust/ql/lib/codeql/rust/internal/typeinference/FunctionType.qll

@@ -355,7 +355,7 @@ module ArgsAreInstantiationsOf<ArgsAreInstantiationsOfInputSig Input> {
     string toString() { result = call.toString() + " [arg " + pos + "]" }
   }
 
-  private module ArgIsInstantiationOfInput implements
+  private module ArgIsInstantiationOfToIndexInput implements
     IsInstantiationOfInputSig<CallAndPos, AssocFunctionType>
   {
     pragma[nomagic]
@@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ module ArgsAreInstantiationsOf<ArgsAreInstantiationsOfInputSig Input> {
   }
 
   private module ArgIsInstantiationOfToIndex =
-    ArgIsInstantiationOf<CallAndPos, ArgIsInstantiationOfInput>;
+    ArgIsInstantiationOf<CallAndPos, ArgIsInstantiationOfToIndexInput>;
 
   pragma[nomagic]
   private predicate argsAreInstantiationsOfToIndex(
@@ -412,4 +412,24 @@ module ArgsAreInstantiationsOf<ArgsAreInstantiationsOfInputSig Input> {
       rnk = max(int r | toCheckRanked(i, f, _, r))
     )
   }
+
+  pragma[nomagic]
+  private predicate argsAreNotInstantiationsOf0(
+    Input::Call call, FunctionPosition pos, ImplOrTraitItemNode i
+  ) {
+    ArgIsInstantiationOfToIndex::argIsNotInstantiationOf(MkCallAndPos(call, pos), i, _, _)
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Holds if _some_ argument of `call` has a type that is not an instantiation of the
+   * type of the corresponding parameter of `f` inside `i`.
+   */
+  pragma[nomagic]
+  predicate argsAreNotInstantiationsOf(Input::Call call, ImplOrTraitItemNode i, Function f) {
+    exists(FunctionPosition pos |
+      argsAreNotInstantiationsOf0(call, pos, i) and
+      call.hasTargetCand(i, f) and
+      Input::toCheck(i, f, pos, _)
+    )
+  }
 }

rust/ql/lib/codeql/rust/internal/typeinference/TypeInference.qll

@@ -1287,6 +1287,11 @@ private class BorrowKind extends TBorrowKind {
   }
 }
 
+private predicate isNotConstrainedTypeParameter(Type t) {
+  not t instanceof TypeParameter or
+  t.(TypeParamTypeParameter).getTypeParam() = any(TypeParam tp | not exists(tp.getATypeBound()))
+}
+
 /**
  * Provides logic for resolving calls to methods.
  *
@@ -2383,9 +2388,8 @@ private module MethodResolution {
         FunctionOverloading::functionResolutionDependsOnArgument(i, f, pos, path, t0) and
         t.appliesTo(f, i, pos) and
         // for now, we do not handle ambiguous targets when one of the types it iself
-        // a type parameter; we should be checking the constraints on that type parameter
-        // in this case
-        not t0 instanceof TypeParameter
+        // a constrained type parameter; we should be checking the constraints in this case
+        isNotConstrainedTypeParameter(t0)
       )
     }
 
@@ -2744,7 +2748,7 @@ private module NonMethodResolution {
      * Gets the blanket function that this call may resolve to, if any.
      */
     pragma[nomagic]
-    private NonMethodFunction resolveCallTargetBlanketCand(ImplItemNode impl) {
+    NonMethodFunction resolveCallTargetBlanketCand(ImplItemNode impl) {
       exists(string name |
         this.hasNameAndArity(pragma[only_bind_into](name), _) and
         ArgIsInstantiationOfBlanketParam::argIsInstantiationOf(MkCallAndBlanketPos(this, _), impl, _) and
@@ -2759,12 +2763,11 @@ private module NonMethodResolution {
     predicate hasTrait() { exists(this.getTrait()) }
 
     pragma[nomagic]
-    NonMethodFunction resolveAssocCallTargetCand(ImplItemNode i) {
+    NonMethodFunction resolveCallTargetNonBlanketCand(ImplItemNode i) {
       not this.hasTrait() and
       result = this.getPathResolutionResolved() and
-      result = i.getASuccessor(_)
-      or
-      result = this.resolveCallTargetBlanketCand(i)
+      result = i.getASuccessor(_) and
+      FunctionOverloading::functionResolutionDependsOnArgument(_, result, _, _, _)
     }
 
     AstNode getNodeAt(FunctionPosition pos) {
@@ -2796,6 +2799,20 @@ private module NonMethodResolution {
       trait = this.getTrait()
     }
 
+    pragma[nomagic]
+    predicate hasNoCompatibleNonBlanketTargetViaTypeInference() {
+      forall(ImplOrTraitItemNode i, Function f |
+        this.(NonMethodArgsAreInstantiationsOfNonBlanketInput::Call).hasTargetCand(i, f)
+      |
+        NonMethodArgsAreInstantiationsOfNonBlanket::argsAreNotInstantiationsOf(this, i, f)
+      )
+    }
+
+    predicate hasNoCompatibleNonBlanketTarget() {
+      not exists(this.resolveCallTargetViaPathResolution()) and
+      this.hasNoCompatibleNonBlanketTargetViaTypeInference()
+    }
+
     /**
      * Gets the target of this call, which can be resolved using only path resolution.
      */
@@ -2814,7 +2831,9 @@ private module NonMethodResolution {
       result = this.resolveCallTargetBlanketCand(i) and
       not FunctionOverloading::functionResolutionDependsOnArgument(_, result, _, _, _)
       or
-      NonMethodArgsAreInstantiationsOf::argsAreInstantiationsOf(this, i, result)
+      NonMethodArgsAreInstantiationsOfBlanket::argsAreInstantiationsOf(this, i, result)
+      or
+      NonMethodArgsAreInstantiationsOfNonBlanket::argsAreInstantiationsOf(this, i, result)
     }
 
     pragma[nomagic]
@@ -2853,7 +2872,11 @@ private module NonMethodResolution {
     ) {
       exists(NonMethodCall fc, FunctionPosition pos |
         fcp = MkCallAndBlanketPos(fc, pos) and
-        fc.resolveCallTargetBlanketLikeCandidate(impl, pos, blanketPath, blanketTypeParam)
+        fc.resolveCallTargetBlanketLikeCandidate(impl, pos, blanketPath, blanketTypeParam) and
+        // Only apply blanket implementations when no other implementations are possible;
+        // this is to account for codebases that use the (unstable) specialization feature
+        // (https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/1210-impl-specialization.html)
+        (fc.hasNoCompatibleNonBlanketTarget() or not impl.isBlanketImplementation())
       )
     }
   }
@@ -2888,37 +2911,28 @@ private module NonMethodResolution {
   private module ArgIsInstantiationOfBlanketParam =
     ArgIsInstantiationOf<CallAndBlanketPos, ArgIsInstantiationOfBlanketParamInput>;
 
-  private module NonMethodArgsAreInstantiationsOfInput implements ArgsAreInstantiationsOfInputSig {
+  private module NonMethodArgsAreInstantiationsOfBlanketInput implements
+    ArgsAreInstantiationsOfInputSig
+  {
     predicate toCheck(ImplOrTraitItemNode i, Function f, FunctionPosition pos, AssocFunctionType t) {
       t.appliesTo(f, i, pos) and
-      (
-        exists(Type t0 |
-          // for now, we do not handle ambiguous targets when one of the types it iself
-          // a type parameter; we should be checking the constraints on that type parameter
-          // in this case
-          not t0 instanceof TypeParameter
-        |
-          FunctionOverloading::functionResolutionDependsOnArgument(i, f, pos, _, t0)
-          or
-          traitFunctionDependsOnPos(_, _, pos, t0, i, f)
-        )
+      exists(Type t0 |
+        // for now, we do not handle ambiguous targets when one of the types it iself
+        // a constrained type parameter; we should be checking the constraints in this case
+        isNotConstrainedTypeParameter(t0)
+      |
+        FunctionOverloading::functionResolutionDependsOnArgument(i, f, pos, _, t0)
         or
-        // match against the trait function itself
-        exists(Trait trait |
-          FunctionOverloading::traitTypeParameterOccurrence(trait, f, _, pos, _,
-            TSelfTypeParameter(trait))
-        )
+        traitFunctionDependsOnPos(_, _, pos, t0, i, f)
       )
     }
 
-    class Call extends NonMethodCall {
+    final class Call extends NonMethodCall {
       Type getArgType(FunctionPosition pos, TypePath path) {
         result = inferType(this.getNodeAt(pos), path)
       }
 
-      predicate hasTargetCand(ImplOrTraitItemNode i, Function f) {
-        f = this.resolveAssocCallTargetCand(i)
-        or
+      predicate hasTraitResolvedCand(ImplOrTraitItemNode i, Function f) {
         exists(TraitItemNode trait, NonMethodFunction resolved, ImplItemNode i1, Function f1 |
           this.hasTraitResolved(trait, resolved) and
           traitFunctionDependsOnPos(trait, resolved, _, _, i1, f1)
@@ -2930,11 +2944,45 @@ private module NonMethodResolution {
           i = trait
         )
       }
+
+      predicate hasTargetCand(ImplOrTraitItemNode i, Function f) {
+        f = this.resolveCallTargetBlanketCand(i)
+        or
+        this.hasTraitResolvedCand(i, f) and
+        BlanketImplementation::isBlanketLike(i, _, _)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private module NonMethodArgsAreInstantiationsOfBlanket =
+    ArgsAreInstantiationsOf<NonMethodArgsAreInstantiationsOfBlanketInput>;
+
+  private module NonMethodArgsAreInstantiationsOfNonBlanketInput implements
+    ArgsAreInstantiationsOfInputSig
+  {
+    predicate toCheck(ImplOrTraitItemNode i, Function f, FunctionPosition pos, AssocFunctionType t) {
+      NonMethodArgsAreInstantiationsOfBlanketInput::toCheck(i, f, pos, t)
+      or
+      // match against the trait function itself
+      t.appliesTo(f, i, pos) and
+      exists(Trait trait |
+        FunctionOverloading::traitTypeParameterOccurrence(trait, f, _, pos, _,
+          TSelfTypeParameter(trait))
+      )
+    }
+
+    class Call extends NonMethodArgsAreInstantiationsOfBlanketInput::Call {
+      predicate hasTargetCand(ImplOrTraitItemNode i, Function f) {
+        f = this.resolveCallTargetNonBlanketCand(i)
+        or
+        this.hasTraitResolvedCand(i, f) and
+        not BlanketImplementation::isBlanketLike(i, _, _)
+      }
     }
   }
 
-  private module NonMethodArgsAreInstantiationsOf =
-    ArgsAreInstantiationsOf<NonMethodArgsAreInstantiationsOfInput>;
+  private module NonMethodArgsAreInstantiationsOfNonBlanket =
+    ArgsAreInstantiationsOf<NonMethodArgsAreInstantiationsOfNonBlanketInput>;
 }
 
 abstract private class TupleLikeConstructor extends Addressable {