Update exception terminology to clarify types of exceptions

[Bahaaio]

pull request

Clarify classification of exceptions and errors in Java introduction

This PR:

• Distinguishes clearly between exceptions and errors
• Clarifies that errors are not exceptions
• Moves the section on errors into its own separate category

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Reviewer Resources:

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[jagdish-15]

Hey @BahaaMohamed98,

Did you happen to discuss these changes on the Exercism forum before opening the PR?
If you’ve already created a topic, please share the link here. Otherwise, you should start a discussion there first and then proceed with the PR.

[Bahaaio]

Hey @jagdish-15! You're right — I forgot to open a forum topic first 😅
I'll go ahead and create one now and link it here shortly. Thanks for the heads up!

[Bahaaio]

Just created the discussion here: http://forum.exercism.org/t/clarifying-error-vs-exception-in-java-exception-concept/17914

[kahgoh]

Thanks @BahaaMohamed98, the general idea behind these changes seem reasonable to me. Since the content between the introduction and about are similar, I've added comments to just the introduction. If it helps, feel free to make update or make changes to just the introduction and we can update the other files later once we're happy.

[kahgoh]

I wonder if we should mention the Exception class somewhere since RuntimeException extends Exception.

[kahgoh]

Now that Errors has been "promoted' to a level 2 heading, it looks like it sitting in between two Exception sections. I think it might flow better if this was moved after the Handling Exception section so that the entire Exception content was "together".

[kahgoh]

Suggestion to emphasize the difference between unchecked exceptions and errors.

Suggested change

	Like unchecked exceptions, errors are not checked at compile-time and are not usually thrown from application code.
	Unlike exceptions, Errors represent serious system-level problems that applications should generally not attempt to catch or handle.
	Like unchecked exceptions, errors are not checked at compile-time.
	The difference is that they represent system level problems and are generally thrown by the Java Virtual machine or environment instead of the application.
	Applications should generally not attempt to catch or handle them.

[kahgoh]

I notice the markdown linting is failing on a file you haven't changed. This can be fixed by merging the latest changes from the main branch.

[Bahaaio]

Hi @kahgoh!

I’ve made the changes - You might want to review the wording in the first commit.
Should I update the other related files now, or leave that for later?

And should I add myself as a contributor?

[jagdish-15]

And should I add myself as a contributor?

Yes, you’ve earned it!

[kahgoh]

Thanks @BahaaMohamed98, the updates to the introduction.md look good. Could you go ahead and update the other files to match?

[Bahaaio]

Done!