bugc: add debug contexts to all unmapped bytecodes

packages/bugc/src/evmgen/generation/block.ts

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
  * Block-level code generation
  */
 
+import type * as Ast from "#ast";
 import type * as Format from "@ethdebug/format";
 import * as Ir from "#ir";
 import type { Stack } from "#evm";
@@ -47,9 +48,13 @@ export function generate<S extends Stack>(
 
       // Initialize memory for first block
       if (isFirstBlock) {
-        // Always initialize the free memory pointer for consistency
-        // This ensures dynamic allocations start after static ones
-        result = result.then(initializeMemory(state.memory.nextStaticOffset));
+        const sourceInfo =
+          func?.sourceId && func?.loc
+            ? { sourceId: func.sourceId, loc: func.loc }
+            : undefined;
+        result = result.then(
+          initializeMemory(state.memory.nextStaticOffset, sourceInfo),
+        );
       }
 
       // Set JUMPDEST for non-first blocks
@@ -104,6 +109,7 @@ export function generate<S extends Stack>(
             predBlock.terminator.dest
           ) {
             const destId = predBlock.terminator.dest;
+            const spillDebug = predBlock.terminator.operationDebug;
             result = result.then(annotateTop(destId)).then((s) => {
               const allocation = s.memory.allocations[destId];
               if (!allocation) return s;
@@ -112,16 +118,25 @@ export function generate<S extends Stack>(
                 ...s,
                 instructions: [
                   ...s.instructions,
-                  { mnemonic: "DUP1" as const, opcode: 0x80 },
+                  {
+                    mnemonic: "DUP1" as const,
+                    opcode: 0x80,
+                    debug: spillDebug,
+                  },
                   {
                     mnemonic: "PUSH2" as const,
                     opcode: 0x61,
                     immediates: [
                       (allocation.offset >> 8) & 0xff,
                       allocation.offset & 0xff,
                     ],
+                    debug: spillDebug,
+                  },
+                  {
+                    mnemonic: "MSTORE" as const,
+                    opcode: 0x52,
+                    debug: spillDebug,
                   },
-                  { mnemonic: "MSTORE" as const, opcode: 0x52 },
                 ],
               };
             });
@@ -205,21 +220,45 @@ function generatePhi<S extends Stack>(
 
 /**
  * Initialize the free memory pointer at runtime
- * Sets the value at 0x40 to the next available memory location after static allocations
+ * Sets the value at 0x40 to the next available memory location
+ * after static allocations
  */
 function initializeMemory<S extends Stack>(
   nextStaticOffset: number,
+  sourceInfo?: { sourceId: string; loc: Ast.SourceLocation },
 ): Transition<S, S> {
   const { PUSHn, MSTORE } = operations;
 
-  return (
-    pipe<S>()
-      // Push the static offset value (the value to store)
-      .then(PUSHn(BigInt(nextStaticOffset)), { as: "value" })
-      // Push the free memory pointer location (0x40) (the offset)
-      .then(PUSHn(BigInt(Memory.regions.FREE_MEMORY_POINTER)), { as: "offset" })
-      // Store the initial free pointer (expects [value, offset] on stack)
-      .then(MSTORE())
-      .done()
-  );
+  const debug = sourceInfo
+    ? {
+        context: {
+          gather: [
+            { remark: "initialize free memory pointer" },
+            {
+              code: {
+                source: { id: sourceInfo.sourceId },
+                range: sourceInfo.loc,
+              },
+            },
+          ],
+        } as Format.Program.Context,
+      }
+    : {
+        context: {
+          remark: "initialize free memory pointer",
+        } as Format.Program.Context,
+      };
+
+  return pipe<S>()
+    .then(PUSHn(BigInt(nextStaticOffset), { debug }), {
+      as: "value",
+    })
+    .then(
+      PUSHn(BigInt(Memory.regions.FREE_MEMORY_POINTER), {
+        debug,
+      }),
+      { as: "offset" },
+    )
+    .then(MSTORE({ debug }))
+    .done();
 }

packages/bugc/src/evmgen/generation/function.ts

@@ -71,11 +71,28 @@ function generatePrologue<S extends Stack>(
     // Return PC is already in memory at 0x60 (stored by caller)
     // Pop and store each arg from argN down to arg0
 
-    const prologueDebug = {
-      context: {
-        remark: `prologue: store ${params.length} parameter(s) to memory`,
-      },
-    };
+    const prologueDebug =
+      func.sourceId && func.loc
+        ? {
+            context: {
+              gather: [
+                {
+                  remark: `prologue: store ${params.length} parameter(s) to memory`,
+                },
+                {
+                  code: {
+                    source: { id: func.sourceId },
+                    range: func.loc,
+                  },
+                },
+              ],
+            } as Format.Program.Context,
+          }
+        : {
+            context: {
+              remark: `prologue: store ${params.length} parameter(s) to memory`,
+            } as Format.Program.Context,
+          };
 
     for (let i = params.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
       const param = params[i];
@@ -104,7 +121,11 @@ function generatePrologue<S extends Stack>(
         ...currentState,
         instructions: [
           ...currentState.instructions,
-          { mnemonic: "MSTORE", opcode: 0x52 },
+          {
+            mnemonic: "MSTORE",
+            opcode: 0x52,
+            debug: prologueDebug,
+          },
         ],
       };
     }
@@ -113,11 +134,28 @@ function generatePrologue<S extends Stack>(
     // so nested function calls don't clobber it.
     const savedPcOffset = currentState.memory.savedReturnPcOffset;
     if (savedPcOffset !== undefined) {
-      const savePcDebug = {
-        context: {
-          remark: `prologue: save return PC to 0x${savedPcOffset.toString(16)}`,
-        },
-      };
+      const savePcDebug =
+        func.sourceId && func.loc
+          ? {
+              context: {
+                gather: [
+                  {
+                    remark: `prologue: save return PC to 0x${savedPcOffset.toString(16)}`,
+                  },
+                  {
+                    code: {
+                      source: { id: func.sourceId },
+                      range: func.loc,
+                    },
+                  },
+                ],
+              } as Format.Program.Context,
+            }
+          : {
+              context: {
+                remark: `prologue: save return PC to 0x${savedPcOffset.toString(16)}`,
+              } as Format.Program.Context,
+            };
       const highByte = (savedPcOffset >> 8) & 0xff;
       const lowByte = savedPcOffset & 0xff;
       currentState = {
@@ -130,13 +168,22 @@ function generatePrologue<S extends Stack>(
             immediates: [0x60],
             debug: savePcDebug,
           },
-          { mnemonic: "MLOAD", opcode: 0x51 },
+          {
+            mnemonic: "MLOAD",
+            opcode: 0x51,
+            debug: savePcDebug,
+          },
           {
             mnemonic: "PUSH2",
             opcode: 0x61,
             immediates: [highByte, lowByte],
+            debug: savePcDebug,
+          },
+          {
+            mnemonic: "MSTORE",
+            opcode: 0x52,
+            debug: savePcDebug,
           },
-          { mnemonic: "MSTORE", opcode: 0x52 },
         ],
       };
     }

packages/bugc/src/evmgen/generation/module.ts

@@ -105,9 +105,37 @@ export function generate(
   // Insert STOP between main and user functions to prevent
   // fall-through when the main function's last block omits
   // STOP (the isLastBlock optimization).
+  const stopGuardDebug =
+    module.main.sourceId && module.main.loc
+      ? {
+          context: {
+            gather: [
+              {
+                remark: "guard: prevent fall-through into functions",
+              },
+              {
+                code: {
+                  source: { id: module.main.sourceId },
+                  range: module.main.loc,
+                },
+              },
+            ],
+          },
+        }
+      : {
+          context: {
+            remark: "guard: prevent fall-through into functions",
+          },
+        };
   const stopGuard: Evm.Instruction[] =
     patchedFunctions.length > 0
-      ? [{ mnemonic: "STOP" as const, opcode: 0x00 }]
+      ? [
+          {
+            mnemonic: "STOP" as const,
+            opcode: 0x00,
+            debug: stopGuardDebug,
+          },
+        ]
       : [];
   const stopGuardBytes: number[] = patchedFunctions.length > 0 ? [0x00] : [];
 
@@ -243,13 +271,19 @@ function buildDeploymentInstructions(
 function deploymentTransition(runtimeOffset: bigint, runtimeLength: bigint) {
   const { PUSHn, CODECOPY, RETURN } = operations;
 
+  const debug = {
+    context: {
+      remark: "deployment: copy runtime bytecode and return",
+    },
+  };
+
   return pipe()
-    .then(PUSHn(runtimeLength), { as: "size" })
-    .then(PUSHn(runtimeOffset), { as: "offset" })
-    .then(PUSHn(0n), { as: "destOffset" })
-    .then(CODECOPY())
-    .then(PUSHn(runtimeLength), { as: "size" })
-    .then(PUSHn(0n), { as: "offset" })
-    .then(RETURN())
+    .then(PUSHn(runtimeLength, { debug }), { as: "size" })
+    .then(PUSHn(runtimeOffset, { debug }), { as: "offset" })
+    .then(PUSHn(0n, { debug }), { as: "destOffset" })
+    .then(CODECOPY({ debug }))
+    .then(PUSHn(runtimeLength, { debug }), { as: "size" })
+    .then(PUSHn(0n, { debug }), { as: "offset" })
+    .then(RETURN({ debug }))
     .done();
 }

packages/bugc/src/ir/spec/function.ts

@@ -17,6 +17,10 @@ export interface Function {
   blocks: Map<string, Block>;
   /** SSA variable metadata mapping temp IDs to original variables */
   ssaVariables?: Map<string, Function.SsaVariable>;
+  /** Source location of the function body */
+  loc?: Ast.SourceLocation;
+  /** Source identifier for debug info */
+  sourceId?: string;
 }
 
 export namespace Function {

packages/bugc/src/irgen/generate/function.ts

@@ -46,12 +46,16 @@ export function* buildFunction(
   // Collect SSA variable metadata
   const ssaVariables = yield* Process.Functions.collectSsaMetadata();
 
+  const module_ = yield* Process.Modules.current();
+
   const function_: Ir.Function = {
     name,
     parameters: params,
     entry: "entry",
     blocks,
     ssaVariables: ssaVariables.size > 0 ? ssaVariables : undefined,
+    loc: body.loc ?? undefined,
+    sourceId: module_.sourceId,
   };
 
   return function_;