Reuse Extractor whenever possible

[yihozhang]

TODO

Add test

[codspeed-hq]

CodSpeed Performance Report

Merging #563 will improve performances by 30.9%

_{Comparing yihozhang-extraction-cache (052a330) with main (8dcffb8)}

Summary

⚡ 1 improvements
✅ 9 untouched benchmarks

Benchmarks breakdown

	Benchmark	BASE	HEAD	Change
⚡	extract-vec-bench	107.4 ms	82.1 ms	+30.9%

[Alex-Fischman]

I think we aren't planning to merge this, so mark as draft?

[saulshanabrook]

We just remembered this PR... @noahhuck implemented a new multi extract command in experimental (egraphs-good/egglog-experimental#39). If we end up adding this that may be less important for performance reasons but still useful.