[23767] Fix data races on DataWriterImpl qos access

[ZakariaTalbi]

Description

This PR attempts to fix data races on DataWriterImpl::qos_, where mainly the enable() and set_qos functions accessed the element simultaneously.

Added a new qos_mutex_ that guards qos_ and writer_. A concurrency regression test has also been included.

@Mergifyio backport 3.2.x 2.14.x

Contributor Checklist

• Commit messages follow the project guidelines.
• The code follows the style guidelines of this project.
• Tests that thoroughly check the new feature have been added/Regression tests checking the bug and its fix have been added; the added tests pass locally
• Any new/modified methods have been properly documented using Doxygen.
• N/A: Any new configuration API has an equivalent XML API (with the corresponding XSD extension)
• Changes are backport compatible: they do NOT break ABI nor change library core behavior.
• Changes are API compatible.
• N/A: New feature has been added to the versions.md file (if applicable).
• N/A: New feature has been documented/Current behavior is correctly described in the documentation.
• Applicable backports have been included in the description.

Reviewer Checklist

• The PR has a milestone assigned.
• The title and description correctly express the PR's purpose.
• Check contributor checklist is correct.
• N/A: If this is a critical bug fix, backports to the critical-only supported branches have been requested.
• Check CI results: changes do not issue any warning.
• Check CI results: failing tests are unrelated with the changes.