sched/nsh: Remove Hard-coded Default Password

.gitignore

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 *.dSYM
 *.elf
 *.exe
+etctmp/
 *.gcno
 *.gcda
 *.hex

Documentation/components/tools/index.rst

@@ -11,3 +11,119 @@ and host C programs that are important parts of the NuttX build system:
    :glob:
 
    ./*
+
+.. _mkpasswd_autogen:
+
+mkpasswd — Build-time ``/etc/passwd`` Generation
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+``tools/mkpasswd`` is a C host tool (compiled from ``tools/mkpasswd.c``) that
+generates a single ``/etc/passwd`` entry at build time.  It is invoked
+automatically by the ROMFS build step when
+``CONFIG_BOARD_ETC_ROMFS_PASSWD_ENABLE=y`` is set.
+
+Why build-time generation?
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Shipping a hard-coded default password in firmware is a well-known security
+weakness (CWE-798).  By generating the ``/etc/passwd`` entry from a
+user-supplied plaintext password at build time, each firmware image carries
+unique credentials.  The build will fail if the password is left empty,
+preventing accidental deployments with no credentials.
+
+For improved baseline security, the configured password must be at least
+8 characters long.
+
+How it works
+~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+1. The host tool reads the plaintext password from
+   ``CONFIG_BOARD_ETC_ROMFS_PASSWD_PASSWORD``.
+2. The password is hashed using the Tiny Encryption Algorithm (TEA) — the
+   same implementation used at runtime in
+   ``libs/libc/misc/lib_tea_encrypt.c`` — with custom base64 encoding
+   matching ``apps/fsutils/passwd/passwd_encrypt.c``.
+3. The resulting hashed entry is written to
+   ``etctmp/<mountpoint>/passwd`` and then embedded into the ROMFS image.
+4. The **plaintext password is never stored in the firmware image**.
+
+Kconfig options
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Enable the feature and configure credentials via ``make menuconfig``:
+
+.. code:: kconfig
+
+   CONFIG_BOARD_ETC_ROMFS_PASSWD_ENABLE=y
+   CONFIG_NSH_CONSOLE_LOGIN=y                     # required to enforce login prompt
+   CONFIG_BOARD_ETC_ROMFS_PASSWD_USER="admin"         # default: admin
+   CONFIG_BOARD_ETC_ROMFS_PASSWD_PASSWORD="<secret>"  # required, min length 8
+   CONFIG_BOARD_ETC_ROMFS_PASSWD_UID=0
+   CONFIG_BOARD_ETC_ROMFS_PASSWD_GID=0
+   CONFIG_BOARD_ETC_ROMFS_PASSWD_HOME="/"
+
+The TEA encryption keys can be changed from their defaults via
+``CONFIG_FSUTILS_PASSWD_KEY1..4``.
+
+``/etc/passwd`` file format
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. code:: text
+
+   user:x:uid:gid:home
+
+Where:
+
+* ``user`` — user name
+* ``x`` — TEA-hashed, base64-encoded password
+* ``uid`` — numeric user ID
+* ``gid`` — numeric group ID
+* ``home`` — login directory
+
+Verifying the generated entry
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+After enabling ``CONFIG_BOARD_ETC_ROMFS_PASSWD_ENABLE`` and setting a
+password, rebuild and verify:
+
+1. **Configure and build**:
+
+   .. code:: console
+
+      $ make menuconfig   # enable BOARD_ETC_ROMFS_PASSWD_ENABLE and set password
+      $ make
+
+2. **Inspect the generated passwd line** (written to the board build tree):
+
+   .. code:: console
+
+      $ cat boards/<arch>/<chip>/<board>/src/etctmp/etc/passwd
+      admin:s1IZjGjjmo/x8u5m5uY2jB:0:0:/
+
+3. **Verify the plaintext is absent from firmware**:
+
+   .. code:: console
+
+      $ grep <your-password> boards/<arch>/<chip>/<board>/src/etctmp.c
+      # must print nothing
+
+Notes on ``savedefconfig``
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+To avoid leaking credentials into board defconfigs, ``make savedefconfig``
+does not save the following options in the generated defconfig:
+
+* ``CONFIG_BOARD_ETC_ROMFS_PASSWD_PASSWORD``
+* ``CONFIG_FSUTILS_PASSWD_KEY1``
+* ``CONFIG_FSUTILS_PASSWD_KEY2``
+* ``CONFIG_FSUTILS_PASSWD_KEY3``
+* ``CONFIG_FSUTILS_PASSWD_KEY4``
+
+If you need these values for local development, add them manually to your
+local defconfig after running ``make savedefconfig``.
+
+
+.. agent-skill:: :id: run_tests 
+   :description: Run unit tests 
+   :local: uv run pytest 
+   :fallback: breeze exec pytest

Documentation/platforms/renesas/rx65n/boards/rx65n-grrose/index.rst

@@ -491,21 +491,21 @@ mounted at /etc and will look like this at run-time:
    nsh>
 
 ``/etc/init.d/rc.sysinit`` is system init script; ``/etc/init.d/rcS`` is the
-start-up script; ``/etc/passwd`` is a the password file. It supports a single
-user:
+start-up script; ``/etc/passwd`` is the password file.
 
-.. code:: text
+The ``/etc/passwd`` file is auto-generated at build time when
+``CONFIG_BOARD_ETC_ROMFS_PASSWD_ENABLE`` is set.  Enable the option and set
+credentials via ``make menuconfig``:
 
-   USERNAME:  admin
-   PASSWORD:  Administrator
+* ``CONFIG_BOARD_ETC_ROMFS_PASSWD_ENABLE=y``
+* ``CONFIG_BOARD_ETC_ROMFS_PASSWD_USER`` (default: ``admin``)
+* ``CONFIG_BOARD_ETC_ROMFS_PASSWD_PASSWORD`` (required, build fails if empty)
 
-   nsh> cat /etc/passwd
-   admin:8Tv+Hbmr3pLVb5HHZgd26D:0:0:/
+The password is hashed with TEA at build time by the host tool
+``tools/mkpasswd``; the plaintext is **not** stored in the firmware.
 
-The encrypted passwords in the provided passwd file are only valid if the TEA
-key is set to: 012345678 9abcdef0 012345678 9abcdef0. Changes to either the key
-or the password word will require regeneration of the ``nsh_romfimg.h`` header
-file.
+For the full description of the mechanism, TEA key configuration, file format,
+and verification steps, see :ref:`mkpasswd_autogen`.
 
 The format of the password file is:
 

Documentation/platforms/risc-v/esp32c3-legacy/boards/esp32c3-legacy-devkit/ROMFS.txt

@@ -23,18 +23,22 @@ README
     nsh>
 
   /etc/init.d/rc.sysinit is system init script; /etc/init.d/rcS is the start-up
-  script; /etc/passwd is a the password file.  It supports a single user:
+  script; /etc/passwd is the password file.
 
-    USERNAME:  admin
-    PASSWORD:  Administrator
+  The /etc/passwd file is auto-generated at build time when
+  CONFIG_BOARD_ETC_ROMFS_PASSWD_ENABLE is set.  To configure the admin user and
+  password, run 'make menuconfig' and set:
 
-    nsh> cat /etc/passwd
-    admin:8Tv+Hbmr3pLVb5HHZgd26D:0:0:/
+    CONFIG_BOARD_ETC_ROMFS_PASSWD_ENABLE=y
+    CONFIG_BOARD_ETC_ROMFS_PASSWD_USER (default: admin)
+    CONFIG_BOARD_ETC_ROMFS_PASSWD_PASSWORD (required, build fails if empty)
 
-  The encrypted passwords in the provided passwd file are only valid if the
-  TEA key is set to:  012345678 9abcdef0 012345678 9abcdef0.  Changes to either
-  the key or the password word will require regeneration of the nsh_romfimg.h
-  header file.
+  The password is hashed with TEA at build time by the host tool
+  tools/mkpasswd; the plaintext is NOT stored in the firmware image.
+
+  For the full description of the mechanism, TEA key configuration, file
+  format, and verification steps, see Documentation/components/tools/index.rst
+  (mkpasswd section).
 
   The format of the password file is:
 

Documentation/platforms/sim/sim/boards/sim/index.rst

@@ -2008,24 +2008,23 @@ mounted at ``/etc`` and will look like this at run-time:
    nsh>
 
 ``/etc/init.d/rc.sysinit`` is system init script; ``/etc/init.d/rcS`` is the
-start-up script; ``/etc/passwd`` is a the password file. It supports a single
-user:
+start-up script; ``/etc/passwd`` is the password file.
 
-.. code:: text
-
-   USERNAME:  admin
-   PASSWORD:  Administrator
-
-.. code:: console
+The ``/etc/passwd`` file is auto-generated at build time when
+``CONFIG_BOARD_ETC_ROMFS_PASSWD_ENABLE`` is set.  Enable the option and set
+credentials via ``make menuconfig``:
 
-   nsh> cat /etc/passwd
-   admin:8Tv+Hbmr3pLVb5HHZgd26D:0:0:/
+* ``CONFIG_BOARD_ETC_ROMFS_PASSWD_ENABLE=y``
+* ``CONFIG_NSH_CONSOLE_LOGIN=y`` (required, otherwise login is not enforced)
+* ``CONFIG_BOARD_ETC_ROMFS_PASSWD_USER`` (default: ``admin``)
+* ``CONFIG_BOARD_ETC_ROMFS_PASSWD_PASSWORD`` (required, build fails if empty or shorter than 8 characters)
 
-The encrypted passwords in the provided passwd file are only valid if the
-TEA key is set to: 012345678 9abcdef0 012345678 9abcdef0.
+The password is hashed with TEA at build time by the host tool
+``tools/mkpasswd``; the plaintext is **not** stored in the firmware.
 
-Changes to either the key or the password word will require regeneration of the
-``nsh_romfimg.h`` header file.
+For the full description of the build-time password generation mechanism,
+TEA key configuration, file format, and verification steps, see
+:ref:`mkpasswd_autogen`.
 
 The format of the password file is:
 
@@ -2041,6 +2040,21 @@ Where:
 * gid: Group ID (0 for now)
 * home: Login directory (/ for now)
 
+For configuration, verification steps, and TEA key details, see
+:ref:`mkpasswd_autogen`.
+
+Login test inside the simulator
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+.. code:: console
+
+   $ ./nuttx
+   NuttShell (NSH) NuttX-<version>
+   nsh login: admin
+   Password:
+   User Logged-in!
+   nsh>
+
 ``/etc/group`` is a group file. It is not currently used.
 
 .. code:: console

boards/Board.mk

@@ -30,11 +30,28 @@ $(RCOBJS): $(ETCDIR)$(DELIM)%: %
 	$(Q) mkdir -p $(dir $@)
 	$(call PREPROCESS, $<, $@)
 
-$(ETCSRC): $(foreach raw,$(RCRAWS), $(if $(wildcard $(BOARD_DIR)$(DELIM)src$(DELIM)$(raw)), $(BOARD_DIR)$(DELIM)src$(DELIM)$(raw), $(if $(wildcard $(BOARD_COMMON_DIR)$(DELIM)$(raw)), $(BOARD_COMMON_DIR)$(DELIM)$(raw), $(BOARD_DIR)$(DELIM)src$(DELIM)$(raw)))) $(RCOBJS)
+$(ETCSRC): $(foreach raw,$(RCRAWS), $(if $(wildcard $(BOARD_DIR)$(DELIM)src$(DELIM)$(raw)), $(BOARD_DIR)$(DELIM)src$(DELIM)$(raw), $(if $(wildcard $(BOARD_COMMON_DIR)$(DELIM)$(raw)), $(BOARD_COMMON_DIR)$(DELIM)$(raw), $(BOARD_DIR)$(DELIM)src$(DELIM)$(raw)))) $(RCOBJS) $(TOPDIR)$(DELIM).config
 	$(foreach raw, $(RCRAWS), \
 	  $(shell rm -rf $(ETCDIR)$(DELIM)$(raw)) \
 	  $(shell mkdir -p $(dir $(ETCDIR)$(DELIM)$(raw))) \
 	  $(shell cp -rfp $(if $(wildcard $(BOARD_DIR)$(DELIM)src$(DELIM)$(raw)), $(BOARD_DIR)$(DELIM)src$(DELIM)$(raw), $(if $(wildcard $(BOARD_COMMON_DIR)$(DELIM)$(raw)), $(BOARD_COMMON_DIR)$(DELIM)$(raw), $(BOARD_DIR)$(DELIM)src$(DELIM)$(raw))) $(ETCDIR)$(DELIM)$(raw)))
+ifeq ($(CONFIG_BOARD_ETC_ROMFS_PASSWD_ENABLE),y)
+ifeq ($(strip $(patsubst "%",%,$(CONFIG_BOARD_ETC_ROMFS_PASSWD_PASSWORD))),)
+	$(error CONFIG_BOARD_ETC_ROMFS_PASSWD_PASSWORD must be set when BOARD_ETC_ROMFS_PASSWD_ENABLE is enabled. Run 'make menuconfig' to set a password.)
+endif
+	$(Q) mkdir -p $(ETCDIR)$(DELIM)$(CONFIG_ETC_ROMFSMOUNTPT)
+	$(Q) $(TOPDIR)$(DELIM)tools$(DELIM)mkpasswd$(HOSTEXEEXT) \
+		--user $(CONFIG_BOARD_ETC_ROMFS_PASSWD_USER) \
+		--password $(CONFIG_BOARD_ETC_ROMFS_PASSWD_PASSWORD) \
+		--uid $(CONFIG_BOARD_ETC_ROMFS_PASSWD_UID) \
+		--gid $(CONFIG_BOARD_ETC_ROMFS_PASSWD_GID) \
+		--home $(CONFIG_BOARD_ETC_ROMFS_PASSWD_HOME) \
+		$(if $(CONFIG_FSUTILS_PASSWD_KEY1),--key1 $(CONFIG_FSUTILS_PASSWD_KEY1)) \
+		$(if $(CONFIG_FSUTILS_PASSWD_KEY2),--key2 $(CONFIG_FSUTILS_PASSWD_KEY2)) \
+		$(if $(CONFIG_FSUTILS_PASSWD_KEY3),--key3 $(CONFIG_FSUTILS_PASSWD_KEY3)) \
+		$(if $(CONFIG_FSUTILS_PASSWD_KEY4),--key4 $(CONFIG_FSUTILS_PASSWD_KEY4)) \
+		-o $(ETCDIR)$(DELIM)$(CONFIG_ETC_ROMFSMOUNTPT)$(DELIM)passwd
+endif
 	$(Q) genromfs -f romfs.img -d $(ETCDIR)$(DELIM)$(CONFIG_ETC_ROMFSMOUNTPT) -V "NSHInitVol"
 	$(Q) echo "#include <nuttx/compiler.h>" > $@
 	$(Q) xxd -i romfs.img | sed -e "s/^unsigned char/const unsigned char aligned_data(4)/g" >> $@

boards/Kconfig

@@ -5423,3 +5423,52 @@ config BOARD_MEMORY_RANGE
 		end: end address of memory range
 		flags: Executable 0x1, Writable 0x2, Readable 0x4
 		example:{0x1000,0x2000,0x4},{0x2000,0x3000,0x6},{0x3000,0x4000,0x7} ... {0x0,0x0,0x0}
+
+config BOARD_ETC_ROMFS_PASSWD_ENABLE
+	bool "Auto-generate /etc/passwd at build time"
+	default n
+	depends on ETC_ROMFS
+	---help---
+		Generate the /etc/passwd file at build time from a user-supplied
+		password.  This avoids shipping a hard-coded default password
+		(CWE-798).  When enabled, the build will fail if no password
+		is configured, forcing each build to set its own credentials.
+
+		The password is hashed at build time by the host tool
+		tools/mkpasswd (compiled from tools/mkpasswd.c) using the Tiny
+		Encryption Algorithm (TEA) — the same algorithm used at runtime
+		in libs/libc/misc/lib_tea_encrypt.c.  The plaintext password is
+		never stored in the firmware image.
+
+		See Documentation/components/passwd_autogen.rst for details.
+
+if BOARD_ETC_ROMFS_PASSWD_ENABLE
+
+config BOARD_ETC_ROMFS_PASSWD_USER
+	string "Admin username"
+	default "admin"
+	---help---
+		The username for the auto-generated /etc/passwd entry.
+
+config BOARD_ETC_ROMFS_PASSWD_PASSWORD
+	string "Admin password (required)"
+	---help---
+		The plaintext password for the auto-generated /etc/passwd entry.
+		This value is hashed with TEA at build time; the plaintext is NOT
+		stored in the firmware image.  The build will fail if this is left
+		empty or shorter than 8 characters.  Set this via
+		'make menuconfig'.
+
+config BOARD_ETC_ROMFS_PASSWD_UID
+	int "Admin user ID"
+	default 0
+
+config BOARD_ETC_ROMFS_PASSWD_GID
+	int "Admin group ID"
+	default 0
+
+config BOARD_ETC_ROMFS_PASSWD_HOME
+	string "Admin home directory"
+	default "/"
+
+endif # BOARD_ETC_ROMFS_PASSWD_ENABLE

boards/risc-v/esp32c3-legacy/esp32c3-legacy-devkit/src/Make.defs

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ endif
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_ETC_ROMFS),y)
   RCSRCS = etc/init.d/rc.sysinit etc/init.d/rcS
-  RCRAWS = etc/group etc/passwd
+  RCRAWS = etc/group
 endif
 
 DEPPATH += --dep-path board

boards/sim/sim/sim/configs/login/defconfig

@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ CONFIG_ARCH_CHIP="sim"
 CONFIG_ARCH_SIM=y
 CONFIG_BOARDCTL_APP_SYMTAB=y
 CONFIG_BOARDCTL_POWEROFF=y
+CONFIG_BOARD_ETC_ROMFS_PASSWD_ENABLE=y
+CONFIG_BOARD_ETC_ROMFS_PASSWD_PASSWORD="Administrator"
 CONFIG_BOARD_LOOPSPERMSEC=0
 CONFIG_BOOT_RUNFROMEXTSRAM=y
 CONFIG_BUILTIN=y

boards/sim/sim/sim/src/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -77,7 +77,6 @@ if(CONFIG_ETC_ROMFS)
     etc/init.d/rc.sysinit
     RCRAWS
     etc/group
-    etc/passwd
     PATH
     ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/etc)
 

boards/sim/sim/sim/src/Makefile

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ endif
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_ETC_ROMFS),y)
   RCSRCS = etc/init.d/rc.sysinit etc/init.d/rcS
-  RCRAWS = etc/group etc/passwd
+  RCRAWS = etc/group
 endif
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_ARCH_BUTTONS),y)