[FLINK-39233][table-runtime] Support cascaded delta join runtime

[xuyangzhong]

What is the purpose of the change

Support cascaded delta join runtime.

Note: Considering the PR size, the restore test for cascaded delta join will be introduced in a separate PR later(https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/FLINK-39322).

Brief change log

• Introduce CascadedLookupHandler and TailOutputDataHandler for cascaded delta join lookup chain
• Add operator test and IT cases to verify this pr

Verifying this change

Tests are added to verify this pr.

Does this pull request potentially affect one of the following parts:

• Dependencies (does it add or upgrade a dependency): no
• The public API, i.e., is any changed class annotated with @Public(Evolving): no
• The serializers: no
• The runtime per-record code paths (performance sensitive): no
• Anything that affects deployment or recovery: JobManager (and its components), Checkpointing, Kubernetes/Yarn, ZooKeeper: no
• The S3 file system connector: no

Documentation

• Does this pull request introduce a new feature? no
• If yes, how is the feature documented?

[flinkbot]

CI report:

• 5057152 Azure: SUCCESS

Bot commands

The @flinkbot bot supports the following commands:

• @flinkbot run azure re-run the last Azure build

[lincoln-lil]

@xuyangzhong Overall looks good! I left some minor comments there.

Btw, can you add extra boundary tests, e.g., using empty dimension table / null value as join key.

[xuyangzhong]

@xuyangzhong Overall looks good! I left some minor comments there.

Btw, can you add extra boundary tests, e.g., using empty dimension table / null value as join key.

Sure. Tests with 1. join keys contain null 2. empty table are added.