Programming Fundamentals

Programming Fundamentals

1. Data Types and Data Collections

Primitive Data Types (Basic) - Int - Floats - Strings - Bool - None (nul) - Nan (not a number)

Collections (An efficient way to work with a group of primitive data types or key-value-pairs) - Data frame - dictionaries - vectors - lists - json / xml

2. Functions (Reusable code) functions my_f <- function (){ #stuff }

3. Operators +,-,/,*,%,**,&, | is !

4. Loops There are times when we want to use loops like for, while-do It's always better to work with collections and collection functions when possible and avoid loops, because collection functions internally use loops but are more efficiently written.

break and continue can be used in loops to make exception cases within loops.

5. If-else python {elif} R {}

   if something is this do that else if (s.else is this) do that

6. Libraries (Classes) library (repr) import numpy as np Two kinds of classes : Inbuilt and public Class : A group of related functions

7. Objects vv Instances of classes class example : class chair obj example