Perfectness

The perfectest programming language

Semicolons

Because people always seem to forget semicolons, Perfectness has a simple fix: Semicolons are not allowed.

x = 1; 💬💬 Syntax Error: Semicolons are not allowed

And this doesn't just mean semicolons at the end of a line. It means ANY semicolons (including in comments and strings).

y = 'hello;' 💬💬 Syntax Error: Semicolons are not allowed
💬*
 hi; 💬💬 Syntax Error: Semicolons are not allowed
*💬

Instead, you muse use a the escape sequence \x??:

output('hello\x3b') :>> 'hello\x3b'

Comments

Many programming languages use // for comments, but that's kind of confusing.
To fix this, Perfectness uses two of the 'Speech Balloon' emoji, like 💬💬 (which makes much more sense).

💬💬 This is a comment!
// Attempted comment 💬💬 Syntax Error: Comments must use speech balloons

This is similar for multiline comments. You just use 💬* *💬.

💬*
This is a multiline comment!
*💬
💬**
* This is a PerfectDoc comment!
*💬

Indents

To save space, indents must only be one space long.

{
 thing() 💬💬 This is fine.
}
{
  otherThing() 💬💬 Syntax Error: Indents must only be one space long
}

Variables

When creating a variable, you can type:

• var (optional)
• Modifiers (optional)
• A Type (optional)
• The name of the variable
• = followed by a value (optional)

a = 1
Int b 2
var c = 3
var Int d = 4

Modifiers

There are many modifiers you can use:

const e = 5 💬💬 no editing
const Int f = 6
final g 💬💬 no overriding
public h
protected i
private j
package k
static l
readonly m 💬💬no assigning
let n 💬💬 no recreating

You can also combine modifiers:

public static final readonly const let var Int x = 100

Naming

You can name variables with almost any characters:

var a = 1
var FRUIT = 'banana'

This includes spaces, special characters, and Unicode characters:

var String my name = 'Bob'
var 1/2 = 0.5
var 😀 = 'Smiley Face'

You can also name variables with primitive values like numbers:

var 1 = 2
output(1) :>> 2
output(2 - 1) :>> 0
output(3 - 2) :>> 1
output(-1) :>> -2

Types

Basic Types

Booleans

A bit can be 0 or 1.

A boolean can be true, false, or maybe (just like in DreamBerd).
These are all valid booleans: false, maybe, true.

Info: Booleans are stored as one and a half bits (just like in DreamBerd).

Maybe

maybe will be true half of the time, and false the other half.

if (maybe) {
 output('The maybe was true.')
} else {
 output('The maybe was false.')
}

However, this does not apply to if/else/perhaps statements:

if (maybe) {
 output('This will never run.')
} else {
 output('This will never run.')
} perhaps {
 output('This will always run.')
}

In an if/perhaps statement, false won't run anything, true will run the if part, and maybe will run the perhaps part.

if (condition) {
 output('This will run when true.')
} perhaps {
 output('This will run when maybe.')
}

Chance

The chance(n) function returns a Chance, which is basically a boolean with about an n chance of being true.
In the following code, the if statement will only run 10% of the time:

if (chance(0.1)) {
 output('There was a 1/10 chance of this happening!')
}

You can also set a variable to a chance:

var Chance ch = chance(0.25)
output(ch) 💬💬This will be true 25% of the time, and false 75% of the time.

Chances will never be maybe. Note: the behavior of a Chance in an if/perhaps or if/else/perhaps statement is undefined.

Numbers

• Bytes - 10
• Integers - 123456
• Longs - 10000000000l
• Floats - 123.45
• Doubles - 123.45

Strings

Because Windows does not allow double quotes in file names, all strings must use single quotes ONLY:

output("Hi") 💬💬 Syntax Error: Windows file names can't contain double quotes
output('Hello') :>> 'Hello'

Casting

To cast a value to another type, put the type to cast to after the value to cast, with to in between:

output(5 to String) :>> 5

Note about Types

expect Boolean == Bit[8] :>> Byte
expect Byte :>> Bit[1.5]
expect Int == Bit[32] :>> Byte[4]
expect Long == Bit[64] == Byte[8] :>> Int[2]
expect Float == Bit[32] == Byte[4] :>> Int
expect Double == Bit[64] == Byte[8] == Float[2] :>> Long

Console

To log a message to the console, use say(). You can also use debug(), warn(), and error() for debugging, warnings, and errors:

console.say(message)
console.debug(message)
console.warn(message)
console.error(message)

You can also use output() to output the value of an operation:

output(123 * 456)

The :>> operator will show users reading your code what an output() statement will return, but it doesn't actually do anything.

output(1 + 2) :>> 3 💬💬 This is fine
output(9 + 10) :>> 21 💬💬 This is also fine, even though it's not true

Assertions

In some programming languges, you can use the assert keyword to confirm that something is true. However, this word is rarely used in real life. Instead, Perfectness uses the expect keyword.

expect 1 + 1 == 2
assert 1 + 1 == 2 💬💬 Syntax Error: Use 'expect' instead.
expect 1 + 1 == 3 💬💬 Argument Exception: Something unexpected happened.

If the value of the condition is not what you expected, just use the assume keyword to make it true for you. All of these are true.

assume 1 + 2 = 5
output(1 + 1) :>> 2
output(1 + 2) :>> 5
output(1 + (1 + 1)) :>> 5
output(1 + 3) :>> 4
output(3) :>> 3
output(2 + 1) :>> 3

assume false = true
output(false) :>> true
output(1 = 2) :>> true
output(1 > 2) :>> true
output(!true) :>> true
assume false = !true
output(false) :>> true
output(true == false) :>> true

Operations

Math

Addition and subtraction are the same as in most other programming languages:

output(1 + 1) :>> 2
output(1 - 1) :>> 0

However, this is not the case for multiplication and division:

output(1 * 1) 💬💬 Syntax Error: Unknown symbol '*'
output(1 / 1) 💬💬 Syntax Error: Unknown symbol '/'

Because the meaning of * for multiplying and / for dividing is not very obvious, use the characters meant for those operations instead:

output(1 × 2) :>> 2
output(1 x 3) :>> 3
output(1 ÷ 2) :>> 0.5

You can also use the modulus and exponent operators. However, they use different symbols than most programming languages.

output(5 o/o 2) :>> 1
output(5 % 2) 💬💬 Syntax Error: Unknown usage of '%'
output(10 ^ 3) :>> 1000
output(10 ** 3) 💬💬 Syntax Error: Unknown symbol '**'

You can also use superscript for exponents:

Int exp1 = 3
output(2ᵉˣᵖ¹) :>> 8

And /// for square/cubic/fourth/other roots:

The % symbol can be used for percentages:

output(20%) :>> 0.2

To use negative numbers, put a ! before them:

output(!1) ::> !1
output(-1) 💬💬 Syntax Error: Unknown usage of '-'

Spelling

For all numbers and operators, you can use a spelled out version of the number or operator instead.

output(one) ::> 1
output(two plus two) :>> 4
output(two to the power of four) :>> 16
output(negative pi) :>> !3.14159263589

All valid numbers and operators are: ⁰¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸⁹

Numbers

Number	Spelling	Number	Spelling	Number	Spelling
0	zero	1000	thousand	φ	phi or golden ratio
1	one	1000000	million	e	e or euler's number
2	two	1000000000	billion	π	pi
3	three	10¹²	trillion	τ	tau or 2π
4	four	10¹⁵	quadrillion	ψ	psi or supergolden ratio
5	five	10¹⁸	quintillion	γ	gamma or euler's constant
6	six	10²¹	sextillion	G	gravitational constant
7	seven	10²⁴	septillion	c	speed of light (in a vacuum)
8	eight	10²⁷	octillion	h	planck constant
9	nine	10³⁰	nonillion	ℵ₀	aleph null or aleph zero
10	ten	10³³	decillion	ω	omega or number higher than everything else
11	eleven		``	10¹⁰⁰	googol
12	twelve		``	1010100	googolplex
13	thirteen		``	∞	infinity
14	fourteen		``
15	fifteen		``
16	sixteen		``
17	seventeen		``
18	eighteen		``
19	nineteen		``
20	twenty		``
30	thirty		``
40	forty		``
50	fifty		``
60	sixty		``
70	seventy		``
80	eighty		``
90	ninety		``
100	hundred	10³⁰³	centillion

Operators

Operator	Spelling	Operator	Spelling
+	plus or added to or incresed by	+=	increase ? by or add # to
-	minus or subtracted from(inverted) or decreased by	-=	decrease ? by or subtract # from
++	increment ? or increase ?	--	decrement ? or decrease ?
× or x	times or multiplied by	×=	multiply ? by
÷	over or divided by	÷=	divide ? by
o/o	mod	o/o=	modulus ? by

Conditions

To check for equality, use ==:

output(2 == 2) :>> true

You can use === to be more specific:

output(1 == '1') :>> true
output(1 === '1') :>> false

To be even more specific, use ====:

output(1 to Int === 1 to Float) :>> true
output(1 to Int ==== 1 to Float) :>> false

To be even more specific than that, use =====

Int x = 1
output(x ==== 1) :>> true
output(x ===== x) :>> true
output(1 ===== 1) :>> true
output(x ===== 1) :>> false

Or, if you want to be less specific, use only one =:

output(1.4 = 1) :>> true

To be less specific than that, remove the = entirely:

output(1 'cat') :>> true

If specificity isn't important to you, use the -= operator (not to be confused with subtracting from a variable), optionally with more =s to be less specific:

Classes

You can make classes. However, you cannot use new to create an instance of them, so you'll have to find another way.

class Example {
 x = 'woof'
 int y = 3
}
Example e = new Example() 💬💬 Syntax Error: Cannot use the 'new' keyword to create classes
Example f = (()=>{
 var ex = {}
 ex.prototype = Example
 return ex
})() 💬💬 This works

Objects

Lists

You can make an array of values:

Array x = [1, 'apple', false]
Int[] y = [1, 2, 3]

Note: Array<Type> and Type[] are the same.

output(Array<String> === String[]) :>> true

When creating an array, you can specify a length of the created array. This can also include floats, strings, and other arrays:

Boolean[] a = new Boolean[3]
Int[5] b = [1, 2, 3, 4] 💬💬 Type Error: Array [1, 2, 3, 4] has wrong length for Int[5]

Float[] c = new Float[2.4]
Double[] d = new Double['cat']
String[] e = new String[[1, 2, 3]]

Byte['z'] f = new Byte['z']

You will still get the correct lengths:

output(c.length) 💬💬 2.4
output(d.length) 💬💬 'cat'
output(e.length) 💬💬 [1, 2, 3]

Array indexes can also be floats:

Array<Float> list = [1, 2]
list[0.5] = 1.5
output(list) :>> [1, 1.5, 2]

Or strings.

x['apple'] = 3
output(x) :>> [1, 1.5, 2, 'apple' = 3]

Or anything else.

x[['banana']] = 4
output(x) :>> [1, 1.5, 2, 'apple' = 3, ['banana'] = 4]
x[false] = 0
output(x) :>> [false = 0, 1, 1.5, 2, 'apple' = 3, ['banana'] = 4]

Even keywords and operators.

x.push([++ = 'dog', = = 'cat', if = 'hello', (,) = 'goodbye', (String) = 'string'])
output(x) :>> [false = 0, 1, 1.5, 2, 'apple' = 3, ['banana'] = 4, [++ = 'dog', = = 'cat', if = 'hello', (,) = 'goodbye', (String) = 'string']]

Or nothing at all.

Array ( ) = [ = 'something', = 'something else']
output(( )) :>> [ = 'something', = 'something else']

Maps

You can create maps in a similar way to arrays:

Map f = [a = 1, b = 2, c = 'dog']
Map<Int> [1 = 2, 'meow' = 1000, (Byte) = 2147482647, ~ = -99999]

Please note that maps are just arrays:

output(Map === Array) :>> true

💬💬 Also...
output(Map === Set) :>> true

We'll talk about sets later.

Sets

Sets are usually really slow. In Perfectness, sets are just arrays.

Loops

Loops can sometimes get confusing. Instead, you need to use the goto and label keywords.

int i = 0
label 'cat'
otherThing()
i++
if (i < 10) {
 goto 'cat'
}

You can also use comefrom.

label 'dog'
otherThing() 💬💬 This will never run
comefrom 'cat'

Ownership

If you want to own something, it ABSOLUTELY MUST contain the word 'Perfectness' formatted as Perfectness. Otherwise, you won't own your code.
Examples:

• The Perfectness Game - This is good, you own this.
• A Perfectness Project - Sorry, you don't own this. Please change it.
• Google - Sorry, you don't own this. Please change it.
• My Own Code - Sorry, you don't own this. Please change it.

How to use

Installation

To install Perfectness, please follow these steps:

1. Run the command:
   • curl "https://www.github.com/SuperYoshi10000/Perfectness/a-totally-real-url-and-file-path/installer/Perfectness_program_app_installer_download.<ext>" -O
   • Replace <ext> with exe on Windows, elf on Linux, or app on Mac.
2. Run the downloader. This will download the installer.
3. Run the installer. This will install the program app.
4. Run the program app. This will ask you whether you want to install the program or delete it.
5. Run the program. This will install the Perfectness executor and the compiler.

Running

To run a Perfectness file, please follow these steps:

1. Double click on the file.
2. In the menu, click Open in Perfectness compiler.
3. Click Menu > Options > General Options > Compiler > Use built-in compiler > Compile this file > Compile Now.
4. Double click on the compiled file.
5. In the menu, click on Open in Perfectness executor.
6. Click Execute > Execute this file > Execute Now.
7. Click Start.

Alternatively, you can run the following commands to do it faster:

• To Compile: perfectness-compiler compile --file <file_path> --compiler built-in --what this-file --when now
• To Run: perfectness-executor execute --file <file_path> --run-now true --auto-start true