feat: update many deps

[AsakuraMizu]

notably axcpu, axplat, extern-trait, page_table_multiarch, starry-vm, starry-signal

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This PR updates multiple dependencies, primarily focusing on removing unsafe blocks that are no longer needed due to API changes in the updated extern-trait library (0.2 → 0.4). The changes also include updating other dependencies like axcpu, axplat, page_table_multiarch, starry-vm, and starry-signal, along with switching from compile-time CPU configuration to runtime CPU queries.

Changes:

• Removed unsafe blocks from from_impl and downcast_ref calls following extern-trait API updates
• Replaced static axconfig::plat::CPU_NUM with runtime axhal::cpu_num() calls
• Updated dependency versions: extern-trait (0.2→0.4), linux-raw-sys (0.11→0.12), starry-signal (0.2.4-preview.1→0.3), starry-vm (0.2→0.3), riscv (0.14→0.16), rand (0.9.1→0.10)
• Changed rand import from RngCore to Rng trait
• Updated arceos subproject commit

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 8 out of 9 changed files in this pull request and generated 1 comment.

Show a summary per file

File	Description
src/entry.rs	Removed unsafe block from AxTaskExt::from_impl call
core/src/task.rs	Removed unsafe markers from TaskExt impl and downcast_ref call
arceos	Updated subproject commit reference
api/src/vfs/dev/mod.rs	Changed rand import from RngCore to Rng
api/src/syscall/task/schedule.rs	Replaced static CPU_NUM with runtime cpu_num() calls
api/src/syscall/task/clone.rs	Removed unsafe block from AxTaskExt::from_impl call
api/Cargo.toml	Updated rand (0.9.1→0.10) and riscv (0.14→0.16) versions
Cargo.toml	Updated extern-trait, linux-raw-sys, starry-signal, and starry-vm versions

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