ENH: Events Class and Flight Rework

[MateusStano]

Summary

The addition of custom events was long overdue. In this PR the Event class was added. It was basically impossible to do this without changing a lot of the flight class, so I took the opportunity to rework it and solve all TODOs there.

Several upcoming features will build on top of this (parafoil, multistage, more controllers...), so I want this branch to act as a hub for a few related changes:

• Make class Event serializable
  • Fix broken tests (broken due to fails on controller serialization)
• Rework controllers (minor) so they are better designed for use with specific classes, like what is done in FEAT: new actuator class for roll, throttle, and thrust vector control #965.
• Make flight.solution an instance of a new Solution class. It should behave like the current array, but also allow a variable state length. This is important for adding new parachute models such as parafoil, and for letting us define more complex derivative functions.
• Aerodynamic classes refactor to make GenericSurface the mother class of all other aero surfaces.

Here is a summary of all the changes:

flight.py

Some flight class methods were reworked, some were moved:

• The flight now moves forward using events, not a fixed list of phases.
• flight_derivatives.py: the motion functions (u_dot, u_dot_generalized,
  u_dot_generalized_3dof, rail and parachute), moved out of flight.py.
• flight_phase.py: now has the _FlightPhases and _TimeNodes classes.
• event_calling.py: utilities for callling the events in the flight class correctly
• event_commands.py: applies the commands an event returns back to the flight.
• a propper logging feature was added

New event code (rocketpy/simulation/events/)

• event.py (Event): An event has a trigger and a callback. The trigger is checked each step; when it is true, the callback runs. Callbacks can read the state, save data, log results, and send commands that change the simulation. It comes with ready-made presets like apogee and burnout. It also only computes expensive values when an event actually needs them.
• commands.py (Commands): what a callback can ask for. An event can start a
  new phase, swap the motion function, turn other events on or off, add or
  remove controllers, undo a step (rollback), or stop the flight.
• event_builders.py: ready-made events that recreate the normal flight steps
  (like leaving the rail).
• exact_time_solvers.py: finds the exact time an event happens inside a step
  (using a few math methods).

Parachutes, controllers and sensors are no longer special cases in the flight loop. Each one now has a to_event() method that wraps it into an Event. The built-in flight milestones (apogee, out of rail, impact) are now events too.

Parachute triggers and Controllers controller_function now take **kwargs only and read what they need by name (pressure, height_agl, state, sensors, etc.); the old positional parachute and controller signatures still work but raise a DeprecationWarning.

Flight.__init_events() just collects all events (core events, then sensors, parachutes, controllers, and user custom events) and runs them uniformly, and commands an event returns (like swapping the derivative or starting a phase) are applied back to the flight by event_commands.py.

Parachute noise was also removed. The noise parameter on Parachute is now deprecated and has no effect (removal in v1.13). To model a noisy trigger, a Barometer should be used and accesses the noisy measurement in the trigger via kwargs['sensors_by_name']. This fits the new model, where sensors are events and the trigger reads their measurements.

Plots and prints

• flight_plots.py and flight_prints.py now show sensor data too.
• compare_flights.py updated.
• New plots to all_info, and now they show case events:

Docs

• New guides: docs/user/event_usage.rst and docs/user/sensors_usage.rst.
• New technical page: docs/technical/simulation_loop.rst.
• Update all places that used old definition of trigger functions (with positional arguments) to now be used with **kwargs

Notes for reviewers

This will be a difficult one to review, specially because the diff tracking in flight.py is not that helpful given I changed the order of a few methods. So I suggest that the best way to understand how events work is to read the user guide: docs/user/event_usage.rst. It walks through the API with runnable examples.

Breaking change

• No (I hope)

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This PR introduces a new Event abstraction and refactors the Flight simulation loop to be event-driven, unifying handling of core milestones (out-of-rail/apogee/impact), parachutes, controllers, sensors, and user-defined hooks. It also expands sensor support (plots/prints/export), updates documentation to the new **kwargs trigger/controller patterns, and adds logging configuration utilities.

Changes:

• Added rocketpy.simulation.events (Event/Commands/exact-time solvers/builders) and new helper modules to evaluate/apply events uniformly during simulation.
• Refactored parachute/controller/sensor integration to be event-based, added per-flight sensor data presentation, and updated exporters/docs accordingly.
• Added centralized logging configuration and updated tests/docs to match renamed APIs and new behaviors.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 82 out of 87 changed files in this pull request and generated 5 comments.

Show a summary per file

File	Description
tests/unit/test_plots.py	Marks animation-based unit tests as slow.
tests/unit/test_logging.py	Adds unit coverage for RocketPy logging setup and phase-collision warnings.
tests/unit/test_flight_data_exporter.py	Updates tests to use new exporter method names (data, pressures, sensor_data, kml).
tests/unit/simulation/test_flight.py	Adds regression test for monotonic solution time; updates controller observed-variable expectations.
tests/unit/simulation/test_flight_time_nodes.py	Updates tests to target _TimeNodes/_TimeNode internal classes and new event storage shape.
tests/unit/simulation/test_event.py	Adds comprehensive unit tests for Event construction, validation, calling, and exact-time behavior.
tests/unit/rocket/test_parachute.py	Updates parachute serialization expectations after noise deprecation/removal from dict.
tests/unit/rocket/aero_surface/test_linear_generic_surfaces.py	Adapts aero-surface tests to new reynolds computation inputs.
tests/unit/rocket/aero_surface/test_generic_surfaces.py	Adapts generic surface tests to new reynolds computation inputs.
tests/integration/simulation/test_flight.py	Updates controller logging expectations; adds tests for deprecated positional/kwargs controller APIs.
tests/integration/simulation/test_flight_3dof.py	Updates expected simulation_mode string format.
tests/integration/simulation/test_event.py	Adds integration tests for event loop behaviors, exact-time solvers, and Commands.
tests/fixtures/parachutes/parachute_fixtures.py	Updates parachute trigger fixtures to **kwargs signatures and removes noise usage.
tests/acceptance/test_ndrt_2020_rocket.py	Updates acceptance parachute triggers to **kwargs and removes noise usage.
tests/acceptance/test_bella_lui_rocket.py	Updates acceptance parachute trigger to **kwargs and removes noise usage.
rocketpy/utilities.py	Adds calculate_stall_wind_velocity helper and annotates Flight import cycle.
rocketpy/tools.py	Adds inverted_haversine_array for vectorized inverse haversine.
rocketpy/stochastic/stochastic_rocket.py	Updates stochastic rocket controller instantiation to new controller fields/shape.
rocketpy/simulation/helpers/event_commands.py	Adds command application layer to mutate flight state from event Commands.
rocketpy/simulation/helpers/event_calling.py	Adds event-kwargs construction and event-calling orchestration utilities.
rocketpy/simulation/helpers/init.py	Exports derivative helpers from the simulation helpers package.
rocketpy/simulation/flight_data_exporter.py	Renames exporter methods and provides deprecated export_* aliases.
rocketpy/simulation/events/exact_time_solvers.py	Adds exact-time root solvers and root filtering policy helpers.
rocketpy/simulation/events/event_builders.py	Adds core event builders (out-of-rail/apogee/impact) and exact-time helpers.
rocketpy/simulation/events/commands.py	Adds Commands container used by event callbacks to request simulation actions.
rocketpy/simulation/events/init.py	Exposes event module public API.
rocketpy/simulation/init.py	Exports Event from simulation package.
rocketpy/sensors/sensor.py	Makes sensors event-driven via to_event, adds info/all_info, validates sampling_rate.
rocketpy/sensors/gyroscope.py	Adds channels metadata and sensor plots integration.
rocketpy/sensors/gnss_receiver.py	Adds channels metadata and sensor plots integration.
rocketpy/sensors/barometer.py	Adds channels metadata and sensor plots integration.
rocketpy/sensors/accelerometer.py	Adds channels metadata and sensor plots integration.
rocketpy/rocket/rocket.py	Adds sensors-by-name, sensor events, and updates airbrakes/controller API + deprecations.
rocketpy/rocket/point_mass_rocket.py	Adds _is_point_mass flag for simulation branching/import avoidance.
rocketpy/rocket/parachute.py	Wraps parachutes as Events, migrates triggers to **kwargs, deprecates noise, adds trigger_needs.
rocketpy/rocket/aero_surface/generic_surface.py	Moves Reynolds computation inside generic surface using density/viscosity inputs.
rocketpy/rocket/aero_surface/air_brakes.py	Tweaks airbrakes drag coefficient Function configuration.
rocketpy/prints/sensors_prints.py	Adds per-channel measured data summaries.
rocketpy/prints/flight_prints.py	Extends flight prints to include sensors, sensor/controller/custom event reporting, and extra maxima.
rocketpy/prints/controller_prints.py	Fixes controller source display and handles continuous sampling-rate output.
rocketpy/plots/sensors_plots.py	Adds generic sensor plotting utilities for time series and multi-instance sensors.
rocketpy/plots/compare/compare_flights.py	Refactors to use show_or_save_plot and expands aerodynamic force comparisons.
rocketpy/plots/aero_surface_plots.py	Minor cleanup of header formatting.
rocketpy/motors/point_mass_motor.py	Adds _is_point_mass flag for simulation branching/import avoidance.
rocketpy/motors/motor.py	Initializes _is_point_mass flag for motors.
rocketpy/environment/environment.py	Adds height_above_ground_level Function and keeps it in sync with elevation/pressure profiles.
rocketpy/_logging.py	Adds centralized logger, NullHandler default, and enable/level helpers.
rocketpy/_encoders.py	Restores additional Flight integration settings and derived lists when decoding minimal flight objects.
rocketpy/init.py	Exposes Event and logging helpers at top-level import.
docs/user/three_dof_simulation.rst	Updates export examples to use flight.exports.data.
docs/user/sensors_usage.rst	Adds new sensors user guide with examples, plots, and export usage.
docs/user/rocket/rocket_usage.rst	Updates parachute trigger docs to **kwargs model and deprecations.
docs/user/index.rst	Adds Event Usage and Sensors pages to user guide navigation.
docs/user/first_simulation.rst	Updates parachute noise usage, adds logging/verbose guidance, updates exporter usage.
docs/user/deployable.rst	Removes parachute noise usage from examples.
docs/user/compare_flights.rst	Removes parachute noise usage from examples.
docs/user/airbrakes.rst	Updates controller examples to **kwargs, removes time_overshoot requirement note, updates logging access.
docs/technical/simulation_loop.rst	Adds new technical overview of phase/time-node/event-driven simulation structure.
docs/technical/index.rst	Adds Simulation Loop page to technical docs toctree.
docs/reference/classes/sensors/gyroscope.rst	Fixes autoclass target to top-level export.
docs/reference/classes/sensors/gnss_receiver.rst	Fixes autoclass target to top-level export.
docs/reference/classes/sensors/barometer.rst	Fixes autoclass target to top-level export.
docs/reference/classes/sensors/accelerometer.rst	Fixes autoclass target to top-level export.
docs/notebooks/monte_carlo_analysis/parachute_drop_from_helicopter.ipynb	Updates parachute setup example to new trigger style/noise removal.
docs/notebooks/monte_carlo_analysis/monte_carlo_sensitivity_simulation.py	Removes parachute noise usage.
docs/notebooks/monte_carlo_analysis/monte_carlo_class_usage.ipynb	Removes parachute noise usage.
docs/notebooks/monte_carlo_analysis/monte_carlo_analysis.ipynb	Removes legacy drogue trigger cell and noise usage; clears execution counts.
docs/notebooks/getting_started_colab.ipynb	Updates to new exporter usage and removes parachute noise usage.
docs/examples/valetudo_flight_sim.ipynb	Removes parachute noise usage.
docs/examples/ndrt_2020_flight_sim.ipynb	Removes parachute noise usage.
docs/examples/lince_flight_sim.ipynb	Removes parachute noise usage.
docs/examples/juno3_flight_sim.ipynb	Removes parachute noise usage.
docs/examples/hedy_flight_sim.ipynb	Removes parachute noise usage and related config keys.
docs/examples/genesis_flight_sim.ipynb	Removes parachute noise usage.
docs/examples/bella_lui_flight_sim.ipynb	Removes parachute noise usage.
docs/development/testing.rst	Removes an obsolete TODO comment from testing docs.
.pylintrc	Increases max-statements threshold and adjusts a lint rule configuration.

[Gui-FernandesBR]

let it clear if its above sea level ou ground level please

        z : float
            Altitude of the surface, used to evaluate ``density`` and
            ``dynamic_viscosity``.