Improve local development workflow

[RyanLee-Dev]

Summary

• add discoverable, layered local test targets to the Makefile
• make foreground server and migrations load shared development defaults
• standardize the dev Compose project across the main checkout and worktrees
• automatically use passwordless sudo for Docker only when the current user lacks socket access
• wait for PostgreSQL readiness before make dev-db returns
• move the default foreground development server to port 18080

Validation

• make clean-dev && make dev-db && make migrate-dev
• targeted Go, web, and CLI test targets
• make check

Notes

• full web ESLint currently has pre-existing React hook errors, so make test-web mirrors the existing design-system lint gate; make lint-web remains available for full lint cleanup.