WIP: fix: missing null and presence checks

[YheChen]

Address the active_record_doctor missing_non_null_constraint and missing_presence_validation checks:

• Add a migration setting NOT NULL on columns the models already treat as required (timestamps, belongs_to foreign keys, presence-validated columns).
• Add presence/inclusion/exclusion validators to models for NOT NULL columns that lacked them. Booleans use inclusion: [true, false] and columns defaulting to "" / {} use exclusion: [nil].
• Mark Annotation/AnnotationText belongs_to :creator as optional, since the column is nullified when a Role is destroyed.

Fix bugs surfaced by the new constraints:

• Group creation flows were saving group_name as NULL before renaming.
• Criterion/GradeEntryStudent randomly_assign_tas inserted rows with a null ta_id when given no TAs.

Proposed Changes

(Describe your changes here. Also describe the motivation for your changes: what problem do they solve, or how do they improve the application or codebase? If this pull request fixes an open issue, use a keyword to link this pull request to the issue.)

Screenshots of your changes (if applicable)

Associated documentation repository pull request (if applicable)

Type of Change

(Write an X or a brief description next to the type or types that best describe your changes.)

Type	Applies?
🚨 Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to change)
✨ New feature (non-breaking change that adds functionality)
🐛 Bug fix (non-breaking change that fixes an issue)
🎨 User interface change (change to user interface; provide screenshots)
♻️ Refactoring (internal change to codebase, without changing functionality)
🚦 Test update (change that only adds or modifies tests)
📦 Dependency update (change that updates a dependency)
🔧 Internal (change that only affects developers or continuous integration)

Checklist

(Complete each of the following items for your pull request. Indicate that you have completed an item by changing the [ ] into a [x] in the raw text, or by clicking on the checkbox in the rendered description on GitHub.)

Before opening your pull request:

• I have performed a self-review of my changes.
  • Check that all changed files included in this pull request are intentional changes.
  • Check that all changes are relevant to the purpose of this pull request, as described above.
• I have added tests for my changes, if applicable.
  • This is required for all bug fixes and new features.
• I have updated the project documentation, if applicable.
  • This is required for new features.
• If this is my first contribution, I have added myself to the list of contributors.

After opening your pull request:

• I have updated the project Changelog (this is required for all changes).
• I have verified that the pre-commit.ci checks have passed.
• I have verified that the CI tests have passed.
• I have reviewed the test coverage changes reported by Coveralls.
• I have requested a review from a project maintainer.

Questions and Comments

(Include any questions or comments you have regarding your changes.)