Timeout: use less resources, clean them up better and make cancellation deterministic

lib/base/io-engine.cpp

@@ -146,9 +146,14 @@ void AsioConditionVariable::Wait(boost::asio::yield_context yc)
 	m_Timer.async_wait(yc[ec]);
 }
 
+/**
+ * Cancels any pending timeout callback.
+ *
+ * Must be called in the strand in which the callback was scheduled!
+ */
 void Timeout::Cancel()
 {
-	m_Cancelled.store(true);
+	m_Cancelled->store(true);
 
 	boost::system::error_code ec;
 	m_Timer.cancel(ec);

lib/base/io-engine.hpp

@@ -3,10 +3,12 @@
 #ifndef IO_ENGINE_H
 #define IO_ENGINE_H
 
+#include "base/atomic.hpp"
+#include "base/debug.hpp"
 #include "base/exception.hpp"
 #include "base/lazy-init.hpp"
 #include "base/logger.hpp"
-#include "base/shared-object.hpp"
+#include "base/shared.hpp"
 #include <atomic>
 #include <exception>
 #include <memory>
@@ -163,51 +165,80 @@ class AsioConditionVariable
 /**
  * I/O timeout emulator
  *
+ * This class provides a workaround for Boost.ASIO's lack of built-in timeout support.
+ * While Boost.ASIO handles asynchronous operations, it does not natively support timeouts for these operations.
+ * This class uses a boost::asio::deadline_timer to emulate a timeout by scheduling a callback to be triggered
+ * after a specified duration, effectively adding timeout behavior where none exists.
+ * The callback is executed within the provided strand, ensuring thread-safety.
+ *
+ * The constructor returns immediately after scheduling the timeout callback.
+ * The callback itself is invoked asynchronously when the timeout occurs.
+ * This allows the caller to continue execution while the timeout is running in the background.
+ *
+ * The class provides a Cancel() method to unschedule any pending callback. If the callback has already been run,
+ * calling Cancel() has no effect. This method can be used to abort the timeout early if the monitored operation
+ * completes before the callback has been run. The Timeout destructor also automatically cancels any pending callback.
+ * A callback is considered pending even if the timeout has already expired,
+ * but the callback has not been executed yet due to a busy strand.
+ *
  * @ingroup base
  */
-class Timeout : public SharedObject
+class Timeout
 {
 public:
-	DECLARE_PTR_TYPEDEFS(Timeout);
-
-	template<class Executor, class TimeoutFromNow, class OnTimeout>
-	Timeout(boost::asio::io_context& io, Executor& executor, TimeoutFromNow timeoutFromNow, OnTimeout onTimeout)
-		: m_Timer(io)
+	using Timer = boost::asio::deadline_timer;
+
+	/**
+	 * Schedules onTimeout to be triggered after timeoutFromNow on strand.
+	 *
+	 * @param strand The strand in which the callback will be executed.
+	 *				 The caller must also run in this strand, as well as Cancel() and the destructor!
+	 * @param timeoutFromNow The duration after which the timeout callback will be triggered.
+	 * @param onTimeout The callback to invoke when the timeout occurs.
+	 */
+	template<class OnTimeout>
+	Timeout(boost::asio::io_context::strand& strand, const Timer::duration_type& timeoutFromNow, OnTimeout onTimeout)
+		: m_Timer(strand.context(), timeoutFromNow), m_Cancelled(Shared<Atomic<bool>>::Make(false))
 	{
-		Ptr keepAlive (this);
-
-		m_Cancelled.store(false);
-		m_Timer.expires_from_now(std::move(timeoutFromNow));
-
-		IoEngine::SpawnCoroutine(executor, [this, keepAlive, onTimeout](boost::asio::yield_context yc) {
-			if (m_Cancelled.load()) {
-				return;
-			}
+		VERIFY(strand.running_in_this_thread());
 
-			{
-				boost::system::error_code ec;
-
-				m_Timer.async_wait(yc[ec]);
-
-				if (ec) {
-					return;
+		m_Timer.async_wait(boost::asio::bind_executor(
+			strand, [cancelled = m_Cancelled, onTimeout = std::move(onTimeout)](boost::system::error_code ec) {
+				if (!ec && !cancelled->load()) {
+					onTimeout();
 				}
 			}
+		));
+	}
 
-			if (m_Cancelled.load()) {
-				return;
-			}
-
-			auto f (onTimeout);
-			f(std::move(yc));
-		});
+	Timeout(const Timeout&) = delete;
+	Timeout(Timeout&&) = delete;
+	Timeout& operator=(const Timeout&) = delete;
+	Timeout& operator=(Timeout&&) = delete;
+
+	/**
+	 * Cancels any pending timeout callback.
+	 *
+	 * Must be called in the strand in which the callback was scheduled!
+	 */
+	~Timeout()
+	{
+		Cancel();
 	}
 
 	void Cancel();
 
 private:
-	boost::asio::deadline_timer m_Timer;
-	std::atomic<bool> m_Cancelled;
+	Timer m_Timer;
+
+	/**
+	 * Indicates whether the Timeout has been cancelled.
+	 *
+	 * This must be Shared<> between the lambda in the constructor and Cancel() for the case
+	 * the destructor calls Cancel() while the lambda is already queued in the strand.
+	 * The whole Timeout instance can't be kept alive by the lambda because this would delay the destructor.
+	 */
+	Shared<Atomic<bool>>::Ptr m_Cancelled;
 };
 
 }

lib/base/tlsstream.cpp

@@ -140,15 +140,12 @@ void AsioTlsStream::GracefulDisconnect(boost::asio::io_context::strand& strand,
 	}
 
 	{
-		Timeout::Ptr shutdownTimeout(new Timeout(strand.context(), strand, boost::posix_time::seconds(10),
-			[this](boost::asio::yield_context yc) {
+		Timeout shutdownTimeout (strand, boost::posix_time::seconds(10),
+			[this] {
 				// Forcefully terminate the connection if async_shutdown() blocked more than 10 seconds.
 				ForceDisconnect();
 			}
-		));
-		Defer cancelTimeout ([&shutdownTimeout]() {
-			shutdownTimeout->Cancel();
-		});
+		);
 
 		// Close the TLS connection, effectively uses SSL_shutdown() to send a close_notify shutdown alert to the peer.
 		boost::system::error_code ec;

lib/icingadb/redisconnection.cpp

@@ -318,7 +318,6 @@ void RedisConnection::Connect(asio::yield_context& yc)
 					auto conn (Shared<AsioTlsStream>::Make(m_Strand.context(), *m_TLSContext, m_Host));
 					auto& tlsConn (conn->next_layer());
 					auto connectTimeout (MakeTimeout(conn));
-					Defer cancelTimeout ([&connectTimeout]() { connectTimeout->Cancel(); });
 
 					icinga::Connect(conn->lowest_layer(), m_Host, Convert::ToString(m_Port), yc);
 					tlsConn.async_handshake(tlsConn.client, yc);
@@ -348,7 +347,6 @@ void RedisConnection::Connect(asio::yield_context& yc)
 
 					auto conn (Shared<TcpConn>::Make(m_Strand.context()));
 					auto connectTimeout (MakeTimeout(conn));
-					Defer cancelTimeout ([&connectTimeout]() { connectTimeout->Cancel(); });
 
 					icinga::Connect(conn->next_layer(), m_Host, Convert::ToString(m_Port), yc);
 					Handshake(conn, yc);
@@ -361,7 +359,6 @@ void RedisConnection::Connect(asio::yield_context& yc)
 
 				auto conn (Shared<UnixConn>::Make(m_Strand.context()));
 				auto connectTimeout (MakeTimeout(conn));
-				Defer cancelTimeout ([&connectTimeout]() { connectTimeout->Cancel(); });
 
 				conn->next_layer().async_connect(Unix::endpoint(m_Path.CStr()), yc);
 				Handshake(conn, yc);

lib/icingadb/redisconnection.hpp

@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ namespace icinga
 		void Handshake(StreamPtr& stream, boost::asio::yield_context& yc);
 
 		template<class StreamPtr>
-		Timeout::Ptr MakeTimeout(StreamPtr& stream);
+		Timeout MakeTimeout(StreamPtr& stream);
 
 		String m_Path;
 		String m_Host;
@@ -512,15 +512,12 @@ void RedisConnection::Handshake(StreamPtr& strm, boost::asio::yield_context& yc)
  * @param stream Redis server connection
  */
 template<class StreamPtr>
-Timeout::Ptr RedisConnection::MakeTimeout(StreamPtr& stream)
+Timeout RedisConnection::MakeTimeout(StreamPtr& stream)
 {
-	Ptr keepAlive (this);
-
-	return new Timeout(
-		m_Strand.context(),
+	return Timeout(
 		m_Strand,
 		boost::posix_time::microseconds(intmax_t(m_ConnectTimeout * 1000000)),
-		[keepAlive, stream](boost::asio::yield_context yc) {
+		[stream] {
 			boost::system::error_code ec;
 			stream->lowest_layer().cancel(ec);
 		}

lib/methods/ifwapichecktask.cpp

@@ -456,8 +456,8 @@ void IfwApiCheckTask::ScriptFunc(const Checkable::Ptr& checkable, const CheckRes
 	IoEngine::SpawnCoroutine(
 		*strand,
 		[strand, checkable, cr, psCommand, psHost, expectedSan, psPort, conn, req, checkTimeout, reportResult = std::move(reportResult)](asio::yield_context yc) {
-			Timeout::Ptr timeout = new Timeout(strand->context(), *strand, boost::posix_time::microseconds(int64_t(checkTimeout * 1e6)),
-				[&conn, &checkable](boost::asio::yield_context yc) {
+			Timeout timeout (*strand, boost::posix_time::microseconds(int64_t(checkTimeout * 1e6)),
+				[&conn, &checkable] {
 					Log(LogNotice, "IfwApiCheckTask")
 						<< "Timeout while checking " << checkable->GetReflectionType()->GetName()
 						<< " '" << checkable->GetName() << "', cancelling attempt";
@@ -467,8 +467,6 @@ void IfwApiCheckTask::ScriptFunc(const Checkable::Ptr& checkable, const CheckRes
 				}
 			);
 
-			Defer cancelTimeout ([&timeout]() { timeout->Cancel(); });
-
 			DoIfwNetIo(yc, cr, psCommand, psHost, expectedSan, psPort, *conn, *req);
 
 			cr->SetExecutionEnd(Utility::GetTime());

lib/remote/apilistener.cpp

@@ -534,16 +534,15 @@ void ApiListener::ListenerCoroutineProc(boost::asio::yield_context yc, const Sha
 			auto strand (Shared<asio::io_context::strand>::Make(io));
 
 			IoEngine::SpawnCoroutine(*strand, [this, strand, sslConn, remoteEndpoint](asio::yield_context yc) {
-				Timeout::Ptr timeout(new Timeout(strand->context(), *strand, boost::posix_time::microseconds(int64_t(GetConnectTimeout() * 1e6)),
-					[sslConn, remoteEndpoint](asio::yield_context yc) {
+				Timeout timeout (*strand, boost::posix_time::microseconds(int64_t(GetConnectTimeout() * 1e6)),
+					[sslConn, remoteEndpoint] {
 						Log(LogWarning, "ApiListener")
 							<< "Timeout while processing incoming connection from " << remoteEndpoint;
 
 						boost::system::error_code ec;
 						sslConn->lowest_layer().cancel(ec);
 					}
-				));
-				Defer cancelTimeout([timeout]() { timeout->Cancel(); });
+				);
 
 				NewClientHandler(yc, strand, sslConn, String(), RoleServer);
 			});
@@ -585,17 +584,16 @@ void ApiListener::AddConnection(const Endpoint::Ptr& endpoint)
 
 			lock.unlock();
 
-			Timeout::Ptr timeout(new Timeout(strand->context(), *strand, boost::posix_time::microseconds(int64_t(GetConnectTimeout() * 1e6)),
-				[sslConn, endpoint, host, port](asio::yield_context yc) {
+			Timeout timeout (*strand, boost::posix_time::microseconds(int64_t(GetConnectTimeout() * 1e6)),
+				[sslConn, endpoint, host, port] {
 					Log(LogCritical, "ApiListener")
 						<< "Timeout while reconnecting to endpoint '" << endpoint->GetName() << "' via host '" << host
 						<< "' and port '" << port << "', cancelling attempt";
 
 					boost::system::error_code ec;
 					sslConn->lowest_layer().cancel(ec);
 				}
-			));
-			Defer cancelTimeout([&timeout]() { timeout->Cancel(); });
+			);
 
 			Connect(sslConn->lowest_layer(), host, port, yc);
 
@@ -683,19 +681,16 @@ void ApiListener::NewClientHandlerInternal(
 	boost::system::error_code ec;
 
 	{
-		Timeout::Ptr handshakeTimeout (new Timeout(
-			strand->context(),
+		Timeout handshakeTimeout (
 			*strand,
 			boost::posix_time::microseconds(intmax_t(Configuration::TlsHandshakeTimeout * 1000000)),
-			[strand, client](asio::yield_context yc) {
+			[client] {
 				boost::system::error_code ec;
 				client->lowest_layer().cancel(ec);
 			}
-		));
+		);
 
 		sslConn.async_handshake(role == RoleClient ? sslConn.client : sslConn.server, yc[ec]);
-
-		handshakeTimeout->Cancel();
 	}
 
 	if (ec) {

test/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ set(base_test_SOURCES
   base-convert.cpp
   base-dictionary.cpp
   base-fifo.cpp
+  base-io-engine.cpp
   base-json.cpp
   base-match.cpp
   base-netstring.cpp
@@ -128,6 +129,11 @@ add_boost_test(base
     base_dictionary/keys_ordered
     base_fifo/construct
     base_fifo/io
+    base_io_engine/timeout_run
+    base_io_engine/timeout_cancelled
+    base_io_engine/timeout_scope
+    base_io_engine/timeout_due_cancelled
+    base_io_engine/timeout_due_scope
     base_json/encode
     base_json/decode
     base_json/invalid1