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Server setup guide

Introduction

This file contains the PHP installation section of my personal guide to setup an Ubuntu server. The introduction to this guide as well as its full Table of Contents can be found on the README.md file of this repository. The Table of Contents of this section is listed below.

  1. Software Installation

    1. PHP installation
      1. Install PHP
      2. Install PHP extensions
      3. Install FastCGI Process Manager (FPM)
      4. PHP configuration improvements

2.3. PHP installation

2.3.1. Install PHP

2.3.1.1. Install the default PHP version available on Ubuntu's repositories

Install the PHP server with the following commands:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install php libapache2-mod-php

To confirm that the installation was successful and to get the installed PHP version, execute the following command:

php --version

To see the names of the installed packages, execute the following command:

dpkg -l | grep php | grep ii

To reload the Apache Server, execute the following command:

sudo systemctl reload apache2

To be able to retrieve information about the system's current state of PHP, use the below command to download the file info.php, stored in this repository, to the default directory served by Apache Web Server.

sudo wget -P /srv/www/html/ https://raw.githubusercontent.com/EnduranceCode/server-setup-guide/master/system/srv/www/html/info.php

To display the information about the system's current state of PHP, replace the {LABEL} in the below URL as appropriate and enter it into a browser’s address bar.

  http://{SERVER_IP_ADDRESS}/info.php

Label Definition

  • {SERVER_IP_ADDRESS} : IP Address of the server that can be obtained with the command hostname -I or the command curl -4 icanhazip.com

For safety reasons, the information about the system's current state of PHP shouldn't be publicly available. Therefore, the file info.php must be deleted with the following command:

sudo rm /srv/www/html/info.php

2.3.1.2. Install a specific PHP version

Install a specific version of the PHP server, replace the {LABEL} in the below commands as appropriate and execute it.

sudo apt update
sudo apt install software-properties-common
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php -y
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/apache2 -y
sudo apt update
sudo apt install php{PHP_VERSION}

Label Definition

  • {PHP_VERSION} : The desired PHP version tag, e.g. 7.4

To confirm that the installation was successful and to get the installed PHP version, execute the following command:

php --version

To see the names of the installed packages, execute the following command:

dpkg -l | grep php | grep ii

When using more than one PHP version on the same system, set the default one choosing one of the Selection”* numbers of the PHP versions listed with the following command:

sudo update-alternatives --config php

To reload the Apache Server, execute the following command:

sudo systemctl reload apache2

To be able to retrieve information about the system's current state of PHP, use the below command to download the file info.php, stored in this repository, to the default directory served by Apache Web Server.

sudo wget -P /srv/www/html/ https://raw.githubusercontent.com/EnduranceCode/server-setup-guide/master/system/srv/www/html/info.php

To display the information about the system's current state of PHP, replace the {LABEL} in the below URL as appropriate and enter it into a browser’s address bar.

  http://{SERVER_IP_ADDRESS}/info.php

Label Definition

  • {SERVER_IP_ADDRESS} : IP Address of the server that can be obtained with the command hostname -I or the command curl -4 icanhazip.com

For safety reasons, the information about the system's current state of PHP shouldn't be publicly available. Therefore, the file info.php must be deleted with the following command:

sudo rm /srv/www/html/info.php

2.3.2. Install PHP extensions

2.3.2.1. Install PHP extensions of the default PHP version available on Ubuntu's repositories

PHP extensions are compiled libraries that extend the core functionality of this scripting language. Extensions are available as packages and can be easily installed with the apt command. Extensions like libapache2-mod-php and php-mysql are fundamental to run PHP in conjunction with the Apache Server and MySQL but there are a few more that are also quite useful. Based on the research I've made, I choose to install the following set of PHP extensions:

  • php-bcmath
  • php-bz2
  • php-cli
  • php-common
  • php-curl
  • php-gd
  • php-imagick
  • php-intl
  • php-json
  • php-mbstring
  • php-mysql
  • php-xml
  • php-zip

Before installing the above listed PHP extensions, install ImageMagick (required for php-imagick) with the following command:

sudo apt install imagemagick

The previously listed PHP extensions will be installed with the following command:

sudo apt update && sudo apt install php-bcmath php-bz2 php-cli php-common php-curl php-gd php-imagick php-json php-mbstring php-mysql php-xml php-zip

To see the names of the installed packages, execute the following command:

dpkg -l | grep php | grep ii

To activate the new configuration, execute the following command:

sudo systemctl reload apache2

To be able to retrieve the information about the system's current state of PHP, download the file info.php, stored in this repository, to the default directory served by Apache Web Server, using the following command:

sudo wget -P /srv/www/html/ https://raw.githubusercontent.com/EnduranceCode/server-setup-guide/master/system/srv/www/html/info.php

To display information about the system's current state of PHP, replace the {LABEL} in the below URL as appropriate and enter it into a browser’s address bar.

  http://{SERVER_IP_ADDRESS}/info.php

Label Definition

  • {SERVER_IP_ADDRESS} : IP Address of the server that can be obtained with the command hostname -I or the command curl -4 icanhazip.com

For safety reasons, the information about the system's current state of PHP shouldn't be publicly available. Therefore, the file info.php must be deleted with the following command:

sudo rm /srv/www/html/info.php

2.3.2.2. Install PHP extensions of a specific PHP version

PHP extensions are compiled libraries that extend the core functionality of this scripting language. Extensions are available as packages and can be easily installed with the apt command. Extensions like libapache2-mod-php and php-mysql are fundamental to run PHP in conjunction with the Apache Server and MySQL but there are a few more that are also quite useful. Based on the research I've made, I choose to install the following set of PHP extensions:

  • php-bcmath
  • php-bz2
  • php-cli
  • php-common
  • php-curl
  • php-gd
  • php-imagick
  • php-intl
  • php-json
  • php-mbstring
  • php-mysql
  • php-xml
  • php-zip

Before installing the above listed PHP extensions, install ImageMagick (required for php-imagick) with the following command:

sudo apt install imagemagick

To install the previously listed PHP extensions, replace the {LABEL} in the below commands as appropriate and execute it.

sudo apt update && sudo apt install php{PHP_VERSION}-bcmath php{PHP_VERSION}-bz2 php{PHP_VERSION}-cli php{PHP_VERSION}-common php{PHP_VERSION}-curl php{PHP_VERSION}-gd php{PHP_VERSION}-imagick php{PHP_VERSION}-json php{PHP_VERSION}-mbstring php{PHP_VERSION}-mysql php{PHP_VERSION}-xml php{PHP_VERSION}-zip

Label Definition

  • {PHP_VERSION} : The desired PHP version tag, e.g. 7.4

To see the names of the installed packages, execute the following command:

dpkg -l | grep php | grep ii

To activate the new configuration, execute the following command:

sudo systemctl reload apache2

To be able to retrieve the information about the system's current state of PHP, download the file info.php, stored in this repository, to the default directory served by Apache Web Server, using the following command:

sudo wget -P /srv/www/html/ https://raw.githubusercontent.com/EnduranceCode/server-setup-guide/master/system/srv/www/html/info.php

To display information about the system's current state of PHP, replace the {LABEL} in the below URL as appropriate and enter it into a browser’s address bar.

  http://{SERVER_IP_ADDRESS}/info.php

Label Definition

  • {SERVER_IP_ADDRESS} : IP Address of the server that can be obtained with the command hostname -I or the command curl -4 icanhazip.com

For safety reasons, the information about the system's current state of PHP shouldn't be publicly available. Therefore, the file info.php must be deleted with the following command:

sudo rm /srv/www/html/info.php

2.3.3. Install FastCGI Process Manager (FPM)

2.3.3.1. Install FastCGI Process Manager (FPM) for the default PHP version available on Ubuntu's repositories

To install FastCGI Process Manager (FPM), execute the following command:

sudo apt install php-fpm

To enable FPM in Apache2 execute the following commands:

sudo a2enmod proxy_fcgi setenvif
sudo a2enconf php-fpm

To activate the new configuration, you need to execute the following command:

sudo systemctl reload apache2

To be able to retrieve information about the system's current state of PHP, use the below command to download the file info.php, stored in this repository, to the default directory served by Apache Web Server.

sudo wget -P /srv/www/html/ https://raw.githubusercontent.com/EnduranceCode/server-setup-guide/master/system/srv/www/html/info.php

To display the information about the system's current state of PHP, replace the {LABEL} in the below URL as appropriate and enter it into a browser’s address bar.

  http://{SERVER_IP_ADDRESS}/info.php

Label Definition

  • {SERVER_IP_ADDRESS} : IP Address of the server that can be obtained with the command hostname -I or the command curl -4 icanhazip.com

For safety reasons, the information about the system's current state of PHP shouldn't be publicly available. Therefore, the file info.php must be deleted with the following command:

sudo rm /srv/www/html/info.php

2.3.3.2. Install FastCGI Process Manager (FPM) for a specific PHP version

To install FastCGI Process Manager (FPM), replace the {LABEL} in the below commands as appropriate and execute it.

sudo apt install php{PHP_VERSION}-fpm

Label Definition

  • {PHP_VERSION} : The desired PHP version tag, e.g. 7.4

To enable FPM in Apache2, replace the {LABEL} in the below commands as appropriate and execute it.

sudo a2enmod proxy_fcgi setenvif
sudo a2enconf php{PHP_VERSION}-fpm

Label Definition

  • {PHP_VERSION} : The desired PHP version tag, e.g. 7.4

To activate the new configuration, you need to execute the following command:

sudo systemctl reload apache2

To be able to retrieve information about the system's current state of PHP, use the below command to download the file info.php, stored in this repository, to the default directory served by Apache Web Server.

sudo wget -P /srv/www/html/ https://raw.githubusercontent.com/EnduranceCode/server-setup-guide/master/system/srv/www/html/info.php

To display the information about the system's current state of PHP, replace the {LABEL} in the below URL as appropriate and enter it into a browser’s address bar.

  http://{SERVER_IP_ADDRESS}/info.php

Label Definition

  • {SERVER_IP_ADDRESS} : IP Address of the server that can be obtained with the command hostname -I or the command curl -4 icanhazip.com

For safety reasons, the information about the system's current state of PHP shouldn't be publicly available. Therefore, the file info.php must be deleted with the following command:

sudo rm /srv/www/html/info.php

2.3.4. PHP configuration improvements

PHP has (at least) three configuration files (php.ini) that, depending on its purposes, have three different locations. Those three locations are the following:

  • /etc/php/{PHP_VERSION_NUMBER}/apache2/php.ini -> Affects the PHP plugin used by the Apache Server
  • /etc/php/{PHP_VERSION_NUMBER}/cli/php.ini -> Affects the PHP executed in the terminal
  • /etc/php/{PHP_VERSION_NUMBER}/fpm/php.ini -> Affects the PHP plugin used by the Apache Server with PHP FPM

Label Definition

  • {PHP_VERSION_NUMBER} : The PHP version number installed on the server

The location of the php.ini file in use is mapped by the "Loaded Configuration file" key on the page with information about the system's current state of PHP. To be able to retrieve the information about the system's current state of PHP, use the below command to download the file info.php, stored in this repository, to the default directory served by Apache Web Server.

sudo wget -P /srv/www/html/ https://raw.githubusercontent.com/EnduranceCode/server-setup-guide/master/system/srv/www/html/info.php

To display the information about the system's current state of PHP, replace the {LABEL} in the below URL as appropriate and enter it into a browser’s address bar.

  http://{SERVER_IP_ADDRESS}/info.php

Label Definition

  • {SERVER_IP_ADDRESS} : IP Address of the server that can be obtained with the command hostname -I or the command curl -4 icanhazip.com

Replace the {LABEL} in the below command as appropriate and execute it to edit the php.ini file with the nano text editor.

sudo nano {LOADED_CONFIGURATION_FILE_VALUE}

Label Definition

  • {LOADED_CONFIGURATION_FILE_VALUE} : Value of the key Loaded Configuration File on the page with information about the system's current state of PHP

Then, use the command CTRL + W to search for the directives shown on the below snippet and replace its values with the ones shown on the mentioned snippet.

  • upload_max_filesize = 64M
  • post_max_size = 72M
  • max_execution_time = 360
  • max_input_time = 120
  • max_input_vars = 1000
  • memory_limit = 512M
  • sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i

To confirm that the above specified sendmail path is indeed correct, compare it with the output of the below command and if necessary use it on the php.ini file.

which sendmail

To activate the new configuration, execute the following command:

sudo systemctl reload apache2

To test if PHP is running properly, try to display the information about the current state of PHP. Do it replacing the {LABEL} in the below URL as appropriate and entering it into a browser’s address bar.

  http://{SERVER_IP_ADDRESS}/info.php

Label Definition

  • {SERVER_IP_ADDRESS} : IP Address of the server that can be obtained with the command hostname -I or the command curl -4 icanhazip.com

For safety reasons, the information about the current state of PHP shouldn't be publicly available. Therefore, the file info.php must be deleted with the following command:

sudo rm /srv/www/html/info.php

To test if the e-mail functionality is properly set on PHP, use the script shared on the Conetix's support article Simple PHP Mail test. First, copy the mentioned script, stored in this repository, to the user's home folder, using the following command:

wget -P ~/ https://raw.githubusercontent.com/EnduranceCode/server-setup-guide/master/system/home/user/test-email.php

The file test-email.php must be edited set the correct e-mail addresses. Use the nano text editor to edit the mentioned file executing the following command:

sudo nano ~/test-email.php

Within the file, use the command CTRL + W to search for the e-mail address labels and replace it as shown in the below Label Definition section.

Label Definition

  • {FROM_EMAIL_ADDRESS} : Sending e-mail address configured on sendmail
  • {TO_EMAIL_ADDRESS} : Destination address of the test e-mail

Then, execute the following command:

php ~/test-email.php

If everything is fine, an e-mail shall be received in the e-mail inbox defined in the file test-email.php.