Skip to content

Performance improvements on new Ulid generation and Parse()/ToString() #29

New issue

Have a question about this project? Sign up for a free GitHub account to open an issue and contact its maintainers and the community.

Sign up for GitHub

By clicking “Sign up for GitHub”, you agree to our terms of service and privacy statement. We’ll occasionally send you account related emails.

Already on GitHub? Sign in to your account

Merged
Seramis merged 2 commits into from
Dec 16, 2025
Merged

Performance improvements on new Ulid generation and Parse()/ToString() #29

Show file tree
Hide file tree
Changes from all commits
Commits
Show all changes
2 commits
Select commit Hold shift + click to select a range
cbe711a
Improved timestamp handling in `Ulid.New` implementation, and added t…
Seramis Dec 14, 2025
2bb7d3d
Refactor ULID parsing/encoding to use Unsafe.As/Add for direct memory…
Seramis Dec 15, 2025
File filter

Filter by extension

Filter by extension
Conversations
Failed to load comments.
Loading
Jump to
Jump to file
Failed to load files.
Loading
Diff view
Diff view
136 changes: 68 additions & 68 deletions README.md
View file
Open in desktop
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -396,80 +396,80 @@ Benchmark scenarios also include comparisons against `Guid`, where functionality

The following benchmarks were performed:
```
BenchmarkDotNet v0.15.7, Windows 10 (10.0.19044.6575/21H2/November2021Update)
BenchmarkDotNet v0.15.8, Windows 10 (10.0.19044.6691/21H2/November2021Update)
AMD Ryzen 7 3700X 3.60GHz, 1 CPU, 12 logical and 6 physical cores
.NET SDK 10.0.100
[Host] : .NET 10.0.0 (10.0.0, 10.0.25.52411), X64 RyuJIT x86-64-v3
DefaultJob : .NET 10.0.0 (10.0.0, 10.0.25.52411), X64 RyuJIT x86-64-v3
.NET SDK 10.0.101
[Host] : .NET 10.0.1 (10.0.1, 10.0.125.57005), X64 RyuJIT x86-64-v3
DefaultJob : .NET 10.0.1 (10.0.1, 10.0.125.57005), X64 RyuJIT x86-64-v3

Job=DefaultJob

| Type | Method | Mean | Error | Gen0 | Allocated |
|---------------- |------------------- |------------:|----------:|-------:|----------:|
| Generate | ByteAetherUlid | 46.1867 ns | 0.0914 ns | - | - |
| Generate | ByteAetherUlidR1Bp | 51.5996 ns | 0.1552 ns | - | - |
| Generate | ByteAetherUlidR4Bp | 56.5170 ns | 0.1043 ns | - | - |
| Generate | ByteAetherUlidR1Bc | 94.8500 ns | 0.2545 ns | - | - |
| Generate | ByteAetherUlidR4Bc | 100.9761 ns | 0.3672 ns | - | - |
| Generate | NetUlid *(1) | 159.2965 ns | 1.3950 ns | 0.0095 | 80 B |
| Generate | NUlid *(2) | 49.2036 ns | 0.1911 ns | - | - |

| GenerateNonMono | ByteAetherUlid | 91.3682 ns | 0.2455 ns | - | - |
| GenerateNonMono | ByteAetherUlidP | 42.5785 ns | 0.1397 ns | - | - |
| GenerateNonMono | Ulid *(3,4) | 39.1454 ns | 0.0491 ns | - | - |
| GenerateNonMono | NUlid | 91.0387 ns | 0.2620 ns | - | - |
| GenerateNonMono | Guid *(5) | 48.1872 ns | 0.1581 ns | - | - |
| GenerateNonMono | GuidV7 *(3,5) | 77.2375 ns | 0.2567 ns | - | - |

| FromByteArray | ByteAetherUlid | 0.0302 ns | 0.0045 ns | - | - |
| FromByteArray | NetUlid | 0.7515 ns | 0.0083 ns | - | - |
| FromByteArray | Ulid | 0.0263 ns | 0.0036 ns | - | - |
| FromByteArray | NUlid | 0.0439 ns | 0.0130 ns | - | - |
| FromByteArray | Guid | 0.0397 ns | 0.0131 ns | - | - |

| FromGuid | ByteAetherUlid | 0.0533 ns | 0.0216 ns | - | - |
| FromGuid | NetUlid | 3.2410 ns | 0.0616 ns | - | - |
| FromGuid | Ulid | 1.7144 ns | 0.0092 ns | - | - |
| FromGuid | NUlid | 0.5250 ns | 0.0085 ns | - | - |

| FromString | ByteAetherUlid | 14.7203 ns | 0.0557 ns | - | - |
| FromString | NetUlid | 26.7763 ns | 0.1008 ns | - | - |
| FromString | Ulid | 14.6891 ns | 0.0547 ns | - | - |
| FromString | NUlid | 51.7824 ns | 0.1617 ns | 0.0086 | 72 B |
| FromString | Guid | 20.0958 ns | 0.1317 ns | - | - |

| ToByteArray | ByteAetherUlid | 4.1367 ns | 0.1012 ns | 0.0048 | 40 B |
| ToByteArray | NetUlid | 9.4660 ns | 0.1082 ns | 0.0048 | 40 B |
| ToByteArray | Ulid | 4.0211 ns | 0.0809 ns | 0.0048 | 40 B |
| ToByteArray | NUlid | 4.2021 ns | 0.0903 ns | 0.0048 | 40 B |

| ToGuid | ByteAetherUlid | 0.2625 ns | 0.0051 ns | - | - |
| ToGuid | NetUlid | 10.3348 ns | 0.0326 ns | - | - |
| ToGuid | Ulid | 0.7462 ns | 0.0117 ns | - | - |
| ToGuid | NUlid | 0.2691 ns | 0.0070 ns | - | - |

| ToString | ByteAetherUlid | 12.254 ns | 0.2822 ns | 0.0096 | 80 B |
| ToString | NetUlid | 26.314 ns | 0.2748 ns | 0.0095 | 80 B |
| ToString | Ulid | 12.373 ns | 0.1887 ns | 0.0096 | 80 B |
| ToString | NUlid | 27.661 ns | 0.2090 ns | 0.0095 | 80 B |
| ToString | Guid | 7.208 ns | 0.0447 ns | 0.0115 | 96 B |

| CompareTo | ByteAetherUlid | 0.0007 ns | 0.0022 ns | - | - |
| CompareTo | NetUlid | 3.6812 ns | 0.0298 ns | - | - |
| CompareTo | Ulid | 0.0002 ns | 0.0006 ns | - | - |
| CompareTo | NUlid | 0.4122 ns | 0.0062 ns | - | - |

| Equals | ByteAetherUlid | 0.0016 ns | 0.0028 ns | - | - |
| Equals | NetUlid | 1.0102 ns | 0.0059 ns | - | - |
| Equals | Ulid | 0.0011 ns | 0.0020 ns | - | - |
| Equals | NUlid | 0.0000 ns | 0.0000 ns | - | - |
| Equals | Guid | 0.0010 ns | 0.0023 ns | - | - |

| GetHashCode | ByteAetherUlid | 0.0008 ns | 0.0018 ns | - | - |
| GetHashCode | NetUlid | 9.8270 ns | 0.0271 ns | - | - |
| GetHashCode | Ulid | 0.0032 ns | 0.0032 ns | - | - |
| GetHashCode | NUlid | 5.7843 ns | 0.0235 ns | - | - |
| GetHashCode | Guid | 0.0016 ns | 0.0028 ns | - | - |
| Generate | ByteAetherUlid | 42.7482 ns | 0.1075 ns | - | - |
| Generate | ByteAetherUlidR1Bp | 48.1939 ns | 0.3909 ns | - | - |
| Generate | ByteAetherUlidR4Bp | 52.3962 ns | 0.1214 ns | - | - |
| Generate | ByteAetherUlidR1Bc | 91.2941 ns | 0.2795 ns | - | - |
| Generate | ByteAetherUlidR4Bc | 99.4539 ns | 0.4657 ns | - | - |
| Generate | NetUlid *(1) | 158.9262 ns | 1.0281 ns | 0.0095 | 80 B |
| Generate | NUlid *(2) | 50.0544 ns | 0.2260 ns | - | - |

| GenerateNonMono | ByteAetherUlid | 91.3593 ns | 0.3431 ns | - | - |
| GenerateNonMono | ByteAetherUlidP | 41.9809 ns | 0.1385 ns | - | - |
| GenerateNonMono | Ulid *(3,4) | 39.9820 ns | 0.2004 ns | - | - |
| GenerateNonMono | NUlid | 92.1577 ns | 0.4041 ns | - | - |
| GenerateNonMono | Guid *(5) | 48.5804 ns | 0.1707 ns | - | - |
| GenerateNonMono | GuidV7 *(3,5) | 79.2241 ns | 0.3652 ns | - | - |

| FromByteArray | ByteAetherUlid | 0.0211 ns | 0.0030 ns | - | - |
| FromByteArray | NetUlid | 0.6503 ns | 0.0081 ns | - | - |
| FromByteArray | Ulid | 0.2572 ns | 0.0030 ns | - | - |
| FromByteArray | NUlid | 0.0104 ns | 0.0068 ns | - | - |
| FromByteArray | Guid | 0.0193 ns | 0.0041 ns | - | - |

| FromGuid | ByteAetherUlid | 0.0138 ns | 0.0107 ns | - | - |
| FromGuid | NetUlid | 1.2947 ns | 0.0436 ns | - | - |
| FromGuid | Ulid | 1.7548 ns | 0.0164 ns | - | - |
| FromGuid | NUlid | 0.5480 ns | 0.0344 ns | - | - |

| FromString | ByteAetherUlid | 14.2074 ns | 0.2594 ns | - | - |
| FromString | NetUlid | 28.0119 ns | 0.5557 ns | - | - |
| FromString | Ulid | 15.3590 ns | 0.2057 ns | - | - |
| FromString | NUlid | 53.5128 ns | 0.3265 ns | 0.0086 | 72 B |
| FromString | Guid | 20.6887 ns | 0.2020 ns | - | - |

| ToByteArray | ByteAetherUlid | 4.5071 ns | 0.1399 ns | 0.0048 | 40 B |
| ToByteArray | NetUlid | 10.4349 ns | 0.2341 ns | 0.0048 | 40 B |
| ToByteArray | Ulid | 4.1026 ns | 0.1328 ns | 0.0048 | 40 B |
| ToByteArray | NUlid | 4.4312 ns | 0.1437 ns | 0.0048 | 40 B |

| ToGuid | ByteAetherUlid | 0.2604 ns | 0.0043 ns | - | - |
| ToGuid | NetUlid | 10.4844 ns | 0.0151 ns | - | - |
| ToGuid | Ulid | 0.7432 ns | 0.0079 ns | - | - |
| ToGuid | NUlid | 0.2733 ns | 0.0056 ns | - | - |

| ToString | ByteAetherUlid | 12.4495 ns | 0.2869 ns | 0.0096 | 80 B |
| ToString | NetUlid | 24.2338 ns | 0.3168 ns | 0.0095 | 80 B |
| ToString | Ulid | 12.4809 ns | 0.2004 ns | 0.0096 | 80 B |
| ToString | NUlid | 29.8794 ns | 0.0559 ns | 0.0095 | 80 B |
| ToString | Guid | 7.9268 ns | 0.0546 ns | 0.0115 | 96 B |

| CompareTo | ByteAetherUlid | 0.0002 ns | 0.0005 ns | - | - |
| CompareTo | NetUlid | 3.7498 ns | 0.0348 ns | - | - |
| CompareTo | Ulid | 0.0034 ns | 0.0033 ns | - | - |
| CompareTo | NUlid | 0.3966 ns | 0.0080 ns | - | - |

| Equals | ByteAetherUlid | 0.0019 ns | 0.0022 ns | - | - |
| Equals | NetUlid | 1.0192 ns | 0.0189 ns | - | - |
| Equals | Ulid | 0.0001 ns | 0.0003 ns | - | - |
| Equals | NUlid | 0.0111 ns | 0.0123 ns | - | - |
| Equals | Guid | 0.0013 ns | 0.0017 ns | - | - |

| GetHashCode | ByteAetherUlid | 0.0000 ns | 0.0000 ns | - | - |
| GetHashCode | NetUlid | 9.9751 ns | 0.0332 ns | - | - |
| GetHashCode | Ulid | 0.0001 ns | 0.0006 ns | - | - |
| GetHashCode | NUlid | 6.0511 ns | 0.0297 ns | - | - |
| GetHashCode | Guid | 0.0002 ns | 0.0008 ns | - | - |
```

Existing competitive libraries exhibit various deviations from the official ULID specification or present drawbacks:
Expand Down
2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion src/ByteAether.Ulid.Benchmarks/ByteAether.Benchmarks.csproj
View file
Open in desktop
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
</PropertyGroup>

<ItemGroup>
<PackageReference Include="BenchmarkDotNet" Version="0.15.7" />
<PackageReference Include="BenchmarkDotNet" Version="0.15.8" />
<PackageReference Include="NetUlid" Version="2.1.0" />
<PackageReference Include="NUlid" Version="1.7.3" />
<PackageReference Include="Ulid" Version="1.4.1" />
Expand Down
4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions src/ByteAether.Ulid.Tests/ByteAether.Ulid.Tests.csproj
View file
Open in desktop
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -27,14 +27,14 @@
</PackageReference>

<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="17.13.0" Condition="'$(TargetFramework)' == 'net6.0' Or '$(TargetFramework)' == 'net7.0'"/>
<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="17.14.1" Condition="'$(TargetFramework)' != 'net6.0' And '$(TargetFramework)' != 'net7.0'"/>
<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="18.0.1" Condition="'$(TargetFramework)' != 'net6.0' And '$(TargetFramework)' != 'net7.0'"/>
<PackageReference Include="Xunit.Combinatorial" Version="1.6.24" />

<PackageReference Include="xunit.runner.visualstudio" Version="3.0.2" Condition="'$(TargetFramework)' == 'net6.0' Or '$(TargetFramework)' == 'net7.0'">
<PrivateAssets>all</PrivateAssets>
<IncludeAssets>runtime; build; native; contentfiles; analyzers; buildtransitive</IncludeAssets>
</PackageReference>
<PackageReference Include="xunit.runner.visualstudio" Version="3.1.1" Condition="'$(TargetFramework)' != 'net6.0' And '$(TargetFramework)' != 'net7.0'">
<PackageReference Include="xunit.runner.visualstudio" Version="3.1.5" Condition="'$(TargetFramework)' != 'net6.0' And '$(TargetFramework)' != 'net7.0'">
<PrivateAssets>all</PrivateAssets>
<IncludeAssets>runtime; build; native; contentfiles; analyzers; buildtransitive</IncludeAssets>
</PackageReference>
Expand Down
15 changes: 15 additions & 0 deletions src/ByteAether.Ulid.Tests/Ulid.New.Tests.cs
View file
Open in desktop
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -60,6 +60,21 @@ public void New_WithTimestampAndRandom_ShouldGenerateSameUlid()
Assert.Equal(ulid1, ulid2);
}

[Fact]
public void New_WithTimestampAndRandom_ShouldGenerateCorrectTimestampAndRandom()
{
// Arrange
var timestamp = DateTimeOffset.UtcNow;
var random = new byte[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 };

// Act
var ulid = Ulid.New(timestamp, random);

// Assert
Assert.Equal(timestamp.ToUnixTimeMilliseconds(), ulid.Time.ToUnixTimeMilliseconds());
Assert.Equal(random, ulid.Random.ToArray());
}

[Fact]
public void New_NonMonotonic_CanProduceSmallerUlids()
{
Expand Down
66 changes: 66 additions & 0 deletions src/ByteAether.Ulid/Compatibility/MemoryMarshal.cs
View file
Open in desktop
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
#if NETSTANDARD
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;

// ReSharper disable All
#pragma warning disable

// https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/blob/8d796d8e60a5236cbd5f113ead1d3831064cdba1/src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/Runtime/InteropServices/MemoryMarshal.cs#L226
// ref T GetArrayDataReference<T>(T[] array) is original.

namespace ByteAether.Ulid.Compatibility;

public static class MemoryMarshal
{
/// <summary>
/// Returns a reference to the 0th element of <paramref name="array"/>. If the array is empty, returns a reference to where the 0th element
/// would have been stored. Such a reference may be used for pinning but must never be dereferenced.
/// </summary>
/// <exception cref="NullReferenceException"><paramref name="array"/> is <see langword="null"/>.</exception>
/// <remarks>
/// This method does not perform array variance checks. The caller must manually perform any array variance checks
/// if the caller wishes to write to the returned reference.
/// </remarks>
public static unsafe ref T GetArrayDataReference<T>(T[] array)
where T : unmanaged
{
fixed (T* ptr = array)
{
return ref Unsafe.AsRef<T>(ptr);
}
}

/// <summary>
/// Creates a new span over a portion of a regular managed object. This can be useful
/// if part of a managed object represents a "fixed array." This is dangerous because the
/// <paramref name="length"/> is not checked.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="reference">A reference to data.</param>
/// <param name="length">The number of <typeparamref name="T"/> elements the memory contains.</param>
/// <returns>A span representing the specified reference and length.</returns>
/// <remarks>
/// This method should be used with caution. It is dangerous because the length argument is not checked.
/// Even though the ref is annotated as scoped, it will be stored into the returned span, and the lifetime
/// of the returned span will not be validated for safety, even by span-aware languages.
/// </remarks>
[MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
public unsafe static Span<T> CreateSpan<T>(scoped ref T reference, int length) =>
new Span<T>(Unsafe.AsPointer(ref reference), length);

/// <summary>
/// Creates a new read-only span over a portion of a regular managed object. This can be useful
/// if part of a managed object represents a "fixed array." This is dangerous because the
/// <paramref name="length"/> is not checked.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="reference">A reference to data.</param>
/// <param name="length">The number of <typeparamref name="T"/> elements the memory contains.</param>
/// <returns>A read-only span representing the specified reference and length.</returns>
/// <remarks>
/// This method should be used with caution. It is dangerous because the length argument is not checked.
/// Even though the ref is annotated as scoped, it will be stored into the returned span, and the lifetime
/// of the returned span will not be validated for safety, even by span-aware languages.
/// </remarks>
[MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
public unsafe static ReadOnlySpan<T> CreateReadOnlySpan<T>(scoped ref T reference, int length) =>
new ReadOnlySpan<T>(Unsafe.AsPointer(ref reference), length);
}
#endif
49 changes: 0 additions & 49 deletions src/ByteAether.Ulid/Compatibility/RuntimeHelpers.cs
View file
Open in desktop

This file was deleted.

Loading