diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index fe9a224..9efb94f 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@withone/cli",
-  "version": "1.43.4",
+  "version": "1.43.5",
   "description": "CLI for managing One",
   "type": "module",
   "files": [
diff --git a/src/lib/memory/sync/index.ts b/src/lib/memory/sync/index.ts
index 315e164..6a9ed5d 100644
--- a/src/lib/memory/sync/index.ts
+++ b/src/lib/memory/sync/index.ts
@@ -610,13 +610,18 @@ async function syncRunCommand(platform: string, options: SyncRunOptions): Promis
     } catch (err) {
       // Use real counts attached by the runner (if available) instead of 0
       const errObj = err as any;
+      const errorContext: { message: string; httpStatus?: number; retryAfter?: number } = {
+        message: err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err),
+        ...(errObj?._httpStatus !== undefined ? { httpStatus: errObj._httpStatus } : {}),
+        ...(errObj?._retryAfter !== undefined ? { retryAfter: errObj._retryAfter } : {}),
+      };
       results.push({
         model: profile.model,
         recordsSynced: errObj?._recordsSynced ?? 0,
         pagesProcessed: errObj?._pagesProcessed ?? 0,
         duration: '0s',
         status: 'failed',
-        error: err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err),
+        error: errorContext,
       });
     }
   }
@@ -643,8 +648,11 @@ async function syncRunCommand(platform: string, options: SyncRunOptions): Promis
       const archivedColor = sc.archived > sc.active ? pc.red : pc.dim;
       console.log(`    memory: ${pc.green(String(sc.active))} active, ${archivedColor(String(sc.archived))} archived`);
     }
-    if ('error' in r && r.error) {
-      console.log(`    ${pc.red(r.error as string)}`);
+    if (r.error) {
+      const errParts = [r.error.message];
+      if (r.error.httpStatus) errParts.push(`HTTP ${r.error.httpStatus}`);
+      if (r.error.retryAfter) errParts.push(`retry after ${r.error.retryAfter}s`);
+      console.log(`    ${pc.red(errParts.join(' — '))}`);
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/lib/memory/sync/runner.ts b/src/lib/memory/sync/runner.ts
index 7a0f9b9..fcc1596 100644
--- a/src/lib/memory/sync/runner.ts
+++ b/src/lib/memory/sync/runner.ts
@@ -847,6 +847,11 @@ export async function syncModel(
     const rawMsg = err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err);
     const shortMsg = truncate(rawMsg, 500);
 
+    // Propagate HTTP-level context so callers can distinguish 429/401/5xx
+    // from network failures without parsing the message string.
+    const httpStatus = err instanceof ApiError ? err.status : undefined;
+    const retryAfter = err instanceof ApiError ? err.retryAfterSeconds : undefined;
+
     if (pagesProcessed > 0) {
       const resumeErr = new Error(
         `Sync interrupted after page ${pagesProcessed} (${totalRecords} records). ` +
@@ -855,6 +860,8 @@ export async function syncModel(
       // Attach real counts so callers can report progress
       (resumeErr as any)._recordsSynced = totalRecords;
       (resumeErr as any)._pagesProcessed = pagesProcessed;
+      (resumeErr as any)._httpStatus = httpStatus;
+      (resumeErr as any)._retryAfter = retryAfter;
       throw resumeErr;
     }
 
@@ -862,6 +869,8 @@ export async function syncModel(
     const wrapped = new Error(shortMsg);
     (wrapped as any)._recordsSynced = totalRecords;
     (wrapped as any)._pagesProcessed = pagesProcessed;
+    (wrapped as any)._httpStatus = httpStatus;
+    (wrapped as any)._retryAfter = retryAfter;
     throw wrapped;
   } finally {
     process.off('SIGINT', onSigint);
diff --git a/src/lib/memory/sync/types.ts b/src/lib/memory/sync/types.ts
index ce43c38..b10be4d 100644
--- a/src/lib/memory/sync/types.ts
+++ b/src/lib/memory/sync/types.ts
@@ -180,12 +180,22 @@ export interface ModelSyncState {
 
 export type SyncState = Record<string, Record<string, ModelSyncState>>;
 
+export interface SyncRunError {
+  message: string;
+  /** HTTP status code when the failure originated from an API response (e.g. 429, 401). */
+  httpStatus?: number;
+  /** Seconds until retry is safe, parsed from Retry-After (set when httpStatus is 429). */
+  retryAfter?: number;
+}
+
 export interface SyncRunResult {
   model: string;
   recordsSynced: number;
   pagesProcessed: number;
   duration: string;
   status: 'complete' | 'failed' | 'dry-run';
+  /** Populated when status is "failed" — structured error context for programmatic handling. */
+  error?: SyncRunError;
   /** Rows removed by --full-refresh because they were no longer in the source. */
   deletedStale?: number;
   /** Whether --full-refresh actually ran reconcile (skipped on truncated pagination). */