docs: add pkg metadata comparison

Author: antongolub

.gitignore

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ buildstamp.json
 package-main.json
 
 # Temp
+tmp
 temp
 test-results
 

.size-limit.json

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
       "LICENSE",
       "package-main.json"
     ],
-    "limit": "60.31 kB",
+    "limit": "60.35 kB",
     "brotli": false,
     "gzip": false
   },

COHERENCE.md

@@ -1,23 +1,23 @@
 # Coherence across libraries
-> Autogenerated by `src/scripts/build-coherence-md.ts`
+> Autogenerated by [`src/scripts/build-coherence-md.ts`](./src/scripts/build-coherence-md.ts)
 ## IPv4
-Address | node:net | [`ip`](https://github.com/indutny/node-ip) | [`@webpod/ip`](https://github.com/webpod/ip) | [`@webpod/ip/core`](https://github.com/webpod/ip) | [`is-ip`](https://github.com/sindresorhus/is-ip) | [`ipaddr.js`](https://github.com/whitequark/ipaddr.js/) | [`ip-address`](https://github.com/beaugunderson/ip-address) | [`ip2buf`](https://github.com/reklatsmasters/ip2buf) | [`neoip`](https://github.com/Zaptic/neoip) | Comment
+Address | node:net | [`@webpod/ip`](https://github.com/webpod/ip) | [`@webpod/ip/core`](https://github.com/webpod/ip) | [`ip`](https://github.com/indutny/node-ip) | [`is-ip`](https://github.com/sindresorhus/is-ip) | [`ipaddr.js`](https://github.com/whitequark/ipaddr.js/) | [`ip-address`](https://github.com/beaugunderson/ip-address) | [`ip2buf`](https://github.com/reklatsmasters/ip2buf) | [`neoip`](https://github.com/Zaptic/neoip) | Comment
 --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
 `127.0.0.1` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | localhost
 `192.168.1.1` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | private LAN
 `255.255.255.255` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | broadcast
 `0.0.0.0` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | unspecified
 `8.8.8.8` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Google DNS
-`256.1.1.1` | ✓ | ❌ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | octet out of range
+`256.1.1.1` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ❌ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | octet out of range
 `192.168.1` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ❌ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | not enough octets
 `192.168.1.1.1` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | too many octets
-`192.168.01.1` | ✓ | ❌ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✓ | leading octet zero
+`192.168.01.1` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ❌ | ✓ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✓ | leading octet zero
 `abc.def.gha.bcd` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | non-numeric
 `...` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | empty octets
 `1..2.3` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | empty middle octet
 `` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | empty string
 ## IPv6
-Address | node:net | [`ip`](https://github.com/indutny/node-ip) | [`@webpod/ip`](https://github.com/webpod/ip) | [`@webpod/ip/core`](https://github.com/webpod/ip) | [`is-ip`](https://github.com/sindresorhus/is-ip) | [`ipaddr.js`](https://github.com/whitequark/ipaddr.js/) | [`ip-address`](https://github.com/beaugunderson/ip-address) | [`ip2buf`](https://github.com/reklatsmasters/ip2buf) | [`neoip`](https://github.com/Zaptic/neoip) | Comment
+Address | node:net | [`@webpod/ip`](https://github.com/webpod/ip) | [`@webpod/ip/core`](https://github.com/webpod/ip) | [`ip`](https://github.com/indutny/node-ip) | [`is-ip`](https://github.com/sindresorhus/is-ip) | [`ipaddr.js`](https://github.com/whitequark/ipaddr.js/) | [`ip-address`](https://github.com/beaugunderson/ip-address) | [`ip2buf`](https://github.com/reklatsmasters/ip2buf) | [`neoip`](https://github.com/Zaptic/neoip) | Comment
 --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
 `::1` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | loopback
 `::` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | unspecified
@@ -26,26 +26,26 @@ Address | node:net | [`ip`](https://github.com/indutny/node-ip) | [`@webpod/ip`]
 `::ffff:192.0.2.128` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | IPv4-mapped IPv6
 `2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | full form
 `0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | expanded loopback
-`2001::85a3::7334` | ✓ | ❌ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | multiple ::
-`12345::` | ✓ | ❌ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | hextet too long
+`2001::85a3::7334` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ❌ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | multiple ::
+`12345::` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ❌ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | hextet too long
 `abcd:efgh::1` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | non-hex character
-`1:2:3:4:5:6:7` | ✓ | ❌ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ❌ | ✓ | too few hextets
+`1:2:3:4:5:6:7` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ❌ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ❌ | ✓ | too few hextets
 `1:2:3:4:5:6:7:8:9` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | too many hextets
-`:1:2:3:4:5:6:7` | ✓ | ❌ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | leading colon without ::
-`1:2:3:4:5:6:7:` | ✓ | ❌ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | trailing colon without ::
-`1:2:3::4:5:6:7:8` | ✓ | ❌ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ❌ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | too many hextets with ::
-`1:2::4:5::8` | ✓ | ❌ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | multiple compressors ::
-`:::` | ✓ | ❌ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | triple colon not allowed
+`:1:2:3:4:5:6:7` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ❌ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | leading colon without ::
+`1:2:3:4:5:6:7:` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ❌ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | trailing colon without ::
+`1:2:3::4:5:6:7:8` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ❌ | ✓ | ❌ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | too many hextets with ::
+`1:2::4:5::8` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ❌ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | multiple compressors ::
+`:::` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ❌ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | triple colon not allowed
 `::g` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | invalid hex digit after compression
 `2001:db8:85a3:0:0:8a2e:37023:7334` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | hextet exceeds 16 bits
-`::ffff:999.0.2.128` | ✓ | ❌ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | invalid embedded IPv4
+`::ffff:999.0.2.128` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ❌ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | invalid embedded IPv4
 `::ffff:192.0.2` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | truncated IPv4 in mapped address
-`2001:db8:::` | ✓ | ❌ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | extra colon at end
-`` | ✓ | ❌ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | empty string
+`2001:db8:::` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ❌ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | extra colon at end
+`` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ❌ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | empty string
 ## Private IP
-Address | [`ip`](https://github.com/indutny/node-ip) | [`@webpod/ip`](https://github.com/webpod/ip) | [`@webpod/ip/core`](https://github.com/webpod/ip) | [`ipaddr.js`](https://github.com/whitequark/ipaddr.js/) | [`neoip`](https://github.com/Zaptic/neoip) | Comment
+Address | [`@webpod/ip`](https://github.com/webpod/ip) | [`@webpod/ip/core`](https://github.com/webpod/ip) | [`ip`](https://github.com/indutny/node-ip) | [`ipaddr.js`](https://github.com/whitequark/ipaddr.js/) | [`neoip`](https://github.com/Zaptic/neoip) | Comment
 --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
-`0.0.0.0` | ❌ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | unspecified
+`0.0.0.0` | ✓ | ✓ | ❌ | ✓ | ✓ | unspecified
 `127.0.0.1` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | loopback
 `127.0.0.2` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | loopback range
 `127.1.1.1` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | loopback shorthand
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ Address | [`ip`](https://github.com/indutny/node-ip) | [`@webpod/ip`](https://gi
 `10.0.2.3` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | private 10/8
 `10.1.23.45` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | private 10/8
 `12.1.2.3` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | public, outside 10/8
-`198.18.0.0` | ❌ | ✓ | ✓ | ❌ | ✓ | benchmark range
+`198.18.0.0` | ✓ | ✓ | ❌ | ❌ | ✓ | benchmark range
 `fd12:3456:789a:1::1` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ULA fc00::/7
 `fe80::f2de:f1ff:fe3f:307e` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | link-local fe80::/10
 `::ffff:10.100.1.42` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ❌ | ✓ | IPv4-mapped private
@@ -75,14 +75,14 @@ Address | [`ip`](https://github.com/indutny/node-ip) | [`@webpod/ip`](https://gi
 `::1` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | loopback
 `fe80::1` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | link-local
 `0x7f.1` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | CVE-2023-42282: hex loopback
-`127.1` | ❌ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | CVE-2024-29415: short loopback
+`127.1` | ✓ | ✓ | ❌ | ✓ | ✓ | CVE-2024-29415: short loopback
 `2130706433` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | CVE-2024-29415: integer loopback
-`::fFFf:127.0.0.1` | ❌ | ✓ | ✓ | ❌ | ✓ | CVE-2024-29415: IPv6-mapped loopback
-`::0:ffff:127.0.0.1` | ❌ | ✓ | ✓ | ❌ | ✓ | ↑
-`0::0:ffff:127.0.0.1` | ❌ | ✓ | ✓ | ❌ | ✓ | ↑
-`0:0:0:0:0:ffff:127.0.0.1` | ❌ | ✓ | ✓ | ❌ | ✓ | ↑
-`017700000001` | ✓ | n/a | n/a | ❌ | ❌ | octal 127.0.0.1
-`01200034567` | ✓ | n/a | n/a | ❌ | ❌ | invalid: octal-style
-`012.1.2.3` | ✓ | n/a | n/a | ❌ | ❌ | invalid: octal-style IPv4
-`000:0:0000::01` | ❌ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | valid: zero-compression
-`::fFFf:127.255.255.256` | ✓ | n/a | n/a | n/a | ✓ | invalid: IPv4 overflow
+`::fFFf:127.0.0.1` | ✓ | ✓ | ❌ | ❌ | ✓ | CVE-2024-29415: IPv6-mapped loopback
+`::0:ffff:127.0.0.1` | ✓ | ✓ | ❌ | ❌ | ✓ | ↑
+`0::0:ffff:127.0.0.1` | ✓ | ✓ | ❌ | ❌ | ✓ | ↑
+`0:0:0:0:0:ffff:127.0.0.1` | ✓ | ✓ | ❌ | ❌ | ✓ | ↑
+`017700000001` | n/a | n/a | ✓ | ❌ | ❌ | octal 127.0.0.1
+`01200034567` | n/a | n/a | ✓ | ❌ | ❌ | invalid: octal-style
+`012.1.2.3` | n/a | n/a | ✓ | ❌ | ❌ | invalid: octal-style IPv4
+`000:0:0000::01` | ✓ | ✓ | ❌ | ✓ | ✓ | valid: zero-compression
+`::fFFf:127.255.255.256` | n/a | n/a | ✓ | n/a | ✓ | invalid: IPv4 overflow

META.md

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# Package meta across libraries
+> Autogenerated by [`src/scripts/build-meta-md.ts`](./src/scripts/build-meta-md.ts)
+
+| Package | Publish size | Install size | Node.js | Modules | Types |
+| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
+| [`@webpod/ip`](https://github.com/webpod/ip) | 59.1 kB | 56.1 kB | \>= 10 | ESM, CJS | ✓ |
+| [`ip`](https://github.com/indutny/node-ip) | 15.1 kB | 15.1 kB | n/a | CJS | ❌ |
+| [`is-ip`](https://github.com/sindresorhus/is-ip) | 4.9 kB | 42.7 kB | \>=14.16 | ESM | ✓ |
+| [`ipaddr.js`](https://github.com/whitequark/ipaddr.js/) | 60.8 kB | 60.8 kB | \>= 10 | CJS | ✓ |
+| [`ip-address`](https://github.com/beaugunderson/ip-address) | 172.4 kB | 172.4 kB | \>= 12 | CJS | ✓ |
+| [`ip2buf`](https://github.com/reklatsmasters/ip2buf) | n/a | n/a | \>=6 | CJS | ❌ |
+| [`neoip`](https://github.com/Zaptic/neoip) | 40.3 kB | 40.3 kB | n/a | ESM, CJS | ✓ |

README.md

@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ Address.isSpecial('1.2.3.4')                      // false
 ```
 
 ## Alternatives
-Follow [coherence.md](./COHERENCE.md) and [benchmark.md](./BENCHMARK.md) to explore suitable options.
+Follow [coherence.md](./COHERENCE.md), [benchmark.md](./BENCHMARK.md) and [meta.md](./META.md) to explore suitable options.
 
 ## License
 MIT

package-lock.json

@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@
   "description": "Lite IP tools",
   "type": "module",
   "main": "target/cjs/index.cjs",
+  "module": "target/esm/index.mjs",
+  "types": "target/dts/index.d.ts",
+  "browser": "target/esm/core.mjs",
   "exports": {
     ".": {
       "types": "./target/dts/index.d.ts",
@@ -23,14 +26,15 @@
       "require": "./target/cjs/index.cjs"
     }
   },
-  "module": "target/esm/index.mjs",
-  "types": "target/dts/index.d.ts",
   "files": [
     "target/cjs",
     "target/esm",
     "target/dts",
     "lib"
   ],
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=10"
+  },
   "scripts": {
     "build": "concurrently 'npm:build:*'",
     "build:js": "node ./src/scripts/build.mjs --entry='src/main/ts/core.ts:src/main/ts/index.ts'",
@@ -42,6 +46,7 @@
     "build:pkgjson": "node ./src/scripts/build-pkgjson.ts",
     "_build:bench": "node ./src/scripts/build-bench-md.ts",
     "_build:coh": "node ./src/scripts/build-coherence-md.ts",
+    "_build:meta": "node ./src/scripts/build-meta-md.ts",
     "test": "concurrently 'npm:test:*'",
     "test:target": "git diff --exit-code --quiet || (echo 'Uncommitted changes' && exit 1)",
     "test:size": "size-limit",

package.json

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ function toMarkdown(results: NamedResult[]): string {
 
 
 let output = `# Performance across libraries
-> Autogenerated by \`src/scripts/build-bench-md.ts\`
+> Autogenerated by [\`src/scripts/build-bench-md.ts\`](./src/scripts/build-bench-md.ts)
 
 ${systemNote()}
 `

src/scripts/build-bench-md.ts

@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ export const suites: {title: string, method: string, cases: [string, boolean, st
 ]
 
 let output = `# Coherence across libraries
-> Autogenerated by \`src/scripts/build-coherence-md.ts\`
+> Autogenerated by [\`src/scripts/build-coherence-md.ts\`](./src/scripts/build-coherence-md.ts)
 `
 
 for (const {title, method, cases} of suites) {

src/scripts/build-coherence-md.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+import path from 'node:path'
+import fs from 'node:fs'
+import cp from 'node:child_process'
+import { tools } from '../test/bench/stand/index.ts'
+
+const __dirname = path.dirname(new URL(import.meta.url).pathname)
+const outfile = path.resolve(__dirname, '../../META.md')
+const tmpbase = path.resolve(__dirname, '../../tmp')
+
+interface PackageInfo {
+  name: string
+  size: string         // unpacked size of package
+  installSize: string  // unpacked size + deps
+  node: string
+  browser: boolean
+  moduleTypes: string[]
+  types: boolean
+}
+
+function formatSize(bytes: number): string {
+  if (!bytes) return 'n/a'
+  if (bytes > 1024 * 1024) return (bytes / 1024 / 1024).toFixed(1) + ' MB'
+  return (bytes / 1024).toFixed(1) + ' kB'
+}
+
+async function getNpmMetadata(pkg: string) {
+  const res = await fetch(`https://registry.npmjs.org/${pkg}`)
+  if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`Failed to fetch ${pkg}`)
+  return res.json()
+}
+
+async function getPackageInfo(pkg: string, repo: string): Promise<PackageInfo> {
+  console.log(`fetching ${pkg} meta...`)
+
+  const tmp = path.join(tmpbase, pkg.replace('/', '-'))
+  await fs.promises.mkdir(tmp, { recursive: true })
+  await fs.promises.writeFile(path.join(tmp, 'package.json'), JSON.stringify({dependencies: { [pkg]: 'latest' }}))
+
+  const {promise, resolve, reject} = Promise.withResolvers()
+  cp.exec('npm install --prefer-offline --no-audit --no-fund --ignore-scripts --package-lock-only', { cwd: tmp }, (err) => err ? reject(err) : resolve(true))
+  await promise
+
+  const pkgLock = JSON.parse(await fs.promises.readFile(path.join(tmp, 'package-lock.json'), 'utf-8'))
+
+  const meta = await getNpmMetadata(pkg)
+  const latest = meta['dist-tags'].latest
+  const pkgInfo = meta.versions[latest]
+  const unpackedSize = pkgInfo.dist?.unpackedSize ?? 0
+
+  let installSize = 0
+  for (const [location, {version}] of Object.entries(pkgLock.packages as Record<string, {version?: string}> ?? {})) {
+    try {
+      if (!version) continue
+      const name = location === '' ? pkg : location.replace('node_modules/', '')
+      const depMeta = await getNpmMetadata(name)
+      installSize += depMeta.versions[version]?.dist?.unpackedSize ?? 0
+    } catch {
+      /* ignore missing dep sizes */
+    }
+  }
+
+  const engines = pkgInfo.engines?.node ?? 'n/a'
+  const browser = !!pkgInfo.browser
+  const hasTypes =
+    !!pkgInfo.types ||
+    !!pkgInfo.typings ||
+    (pkgInfo.devDependencies && Object.keys(pkgInfo.devDependencies).some(d => d.startsWith('@types/')))
+
+  const moduleTypes: string[] = []
+  if (pkgInfo.type === 'module' || pkgInfo.module || pkgInfo.exports?.['.']?.import) {
+    moduleTypes.push('ESM')
+  }
+  if (pkgInfo.main || pkgInfo.exports?.['.']?.require) {
+    moduleTypes.push('CJS')
+  }
+
+  return {
+    name: `[\`${pkg}\`](${repo})`,
+    size: formatSize(unpackedSize),
+    installSize: formatSize(installSize),
+    node: engines.replace('>', '\\>').replace('<', '\\<'),
+    browser,
+    moduleTypes,
+    types: hasTypes,
+  }
+}
+
+function toMarkdown(pkgs: PackageInfo[]): string {
+  const headers = [
+    'Package',
+    'Publish size',
+    'Install size',
+    'Node.js',
+    'Modules',
+    'Types',
+  ]
+  const table = [
+    `| ${headers.join(' | ')} |`,
+    `| ${headers.map((_, i) => '---' + (i > 0 ? ':' : '')).join(' | ')} |`,
+    ...pkgs.map(p =>
+      `| ${p.name} | ${p.size} | ${p.installSize} | ${p.node} | ${p.moduleTypes.join(', ')} | ${p.types ? '✓' : '❌'} |`
+    ),
+  ]
+  return table.join('\n')
+}
+
+let output = `# Package meta across libraries
+> Autogenerated by [\`src/scripts/build-meta-md.ts\`](./src/scripts/build-meta-md.ts)
+
+`
+
+const packages = Object.keys(tools).filter((k) => k !== 'node:net' && k !== '@webpod/ip/core')
+const results: PackageInfo[] = []
+for (const pkg of packages) {
+  try {
+    results.push(await getPackageInfo(pkg, tools[pkg]?.ref as string || `https://www.npmjs.com/package/${pkg}`))
+  } catch (err) {
+    console.error(`Failed to fetch ${pkg}:`, err)
+  }
+}
+output += toMarkdown(results)
+
+fs.writeFileSync(outfile, output)