diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.md b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.md
index 2537f25..9b77ea7 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.md
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.md
@@ -25,16 +25,16 @@ If applicable, add screenshots to help explain your problem.
 
 **Desktop (please complete the following information):**
 
--   OS: [e.g. iOS]
--   Browser [e.g. chrome, safari]
--   Version [e.g. 22]
+- OS: [e.g. iOS]
+- Browser [e.g. chrome, safari]
+- Version [e.g. 22]
 
 **Smartphone (please complete the following information):**
 
--   Device: [e.g. iPhone6]
--   OS: [e.g. iOS8.1]
--   Browser [e.g. stock browser, safari]
--   Version [e.g. 22]
+- Device: [e.g. iPhone6]
+- OS: [e.g. iOS8.1]
+- Browser [e.g. stock browser, safari]
+- Version [e.g. 22]
 
 **Additional context**
 Add any other context about the problem here.
diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index 0b39afe..9c32ebf 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@
 # pre-commit install
 
 repos:
-    - repo: https://github.com/psf/black
-      rev: 24.10.0
+    - repo: https://github.com/psf/black-pre-commit-mirror
+      rev: 25.12.0
       hooks:
           - id: black
     - repo: https://github.com/adamchainz/blacken-docs
-      rev: 1.19.1
+      rev: 1.20.0
       hooks:
           - id: blacken-docs
     - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-prettier
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ repos:
             files: \.(html|md|yml|yaml)
             args: [--prose-wrap=preserve]
     - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
-      rev: v0.7.4
+      rev: v0.14.10
       hooks:
           - id: ruff
             args:
diff --git a/twarc2sql/db_utils/db_access.py b/twarc2sql/db_utils/db_access.py
index d583045..d3010ea 100644
--- a/twarc2sql/db_utils/db_access.py
+++ b/twarc2sql/db_utils/db_access.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 """
 Module for accessing the database.
 
-Module contains functions for creating and deleting databases & their 
+Module contains functions for creating and deleting databases & their
 tables as defined in models.py.
 
 """
diff --git a/twarc2sql/db_utils/models.py b/twarc2sql/db_utils/models.py
index 67a5df7..920f77c 100644
--- a/twarc2sql/db_utils/models.py
+++ b/twarc2sql/db_utils/models.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 """
 The SQLAlchemy models for creating the database tables.
-The models are based on the Twitter API v2 Tweet object. 
-It is an opnionated normalization of the Tweet object 
+The models are based on the Twitter API v2 Tweet object.
+It is an opnionated normalization of the Tweet object
 to make it easier to query the database.
 """
 
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ def clean_text(self):
         Remove newlines from the tweet text.
         """
         if self.text:
-            self.text = self.text.replace("\x00", "\uFFFD")
+            self.text = self.text.replace("\x00", "\ufffd")
 
 
 class Author(Base):
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ def clean_text(self):
         Remove newlines from the tweet text.
         """
         if self.description:
-            self.description = self.description.replace("\x00", "\uFFFD")
+            self.description = self.description.replace("\x00", "\ufffd")
 
 
 class Retweet_Tweet_Mapping(Base):
diff --git a/twarc2sql/db_utils/tests/conftest.py b/twarc2sql/db_utils/tests/conftest.py
index f5a8295..efc1aa8 100644
--- a/twarc2sql/db_utils/tests/conftest.py
+++ b/twarc2sql/db_utils/tests/conftest.py
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ def config_file_path() -> str:
 @pytest.fixture(scope="module")
 def uri(config_file_path):
     """
-    uri _summary_.
+    Uri _summary_.
 
     returns a URI
     """
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ def uri(config_file_path):
 @pytest.fixture(scope="module")
 def engine(config_file_path) -> sa.engine.base.Engine:
     """
-    engine _summary_.
+    Engine _summary_.
 
     returns a sqlalchemy engine
 
diff --git a/twarc2sql/db_utils/tests/test_db_access.py b/twarc2sql/db_utils/tests/test_db_access.py
index 54cc2a9..8f8491a 100644
--- a/twarc2sql/db_utils/tests/test_db_access.py
+++ b/twarc2sql/db_utils/tests/test_db_access.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 """
 Tests for the db_access module.
 
-The tests are run using pytest. To run the tests, use the following command from the 
+The tests are run using pytest. To run the tests, use the following command from the
 root directory of the project:
 
     pytest twarc2sql/db_utils/tests/test_db_access.py
diff --git a/twarc2sql/file_utils/file_to_object.py b/twarc2sql/file_utils/file_to_object.py
index 12ed666..b4515ce 100644
--- a/twarc2sql/file_utils/file_to_object.py
+++ b/twarc2sql/file_utils/file_to_object.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 """file_to_object.py convert a file to objects to be processed.
 
-This module contains functions to convert a file to objects to 
+This module contains functions to convert a file to objects to
 be processed for each endpoint.
 """