Add linting, formatting, & type checking

[cryptaliagy]

Currently the project is missing a linter & type checker. Integrating these things would make it easier to onboard and make the code more maintainable in the longer term

Linters we can use:

• flake8 (general)
• pylint (general)
• bandit (security)
• pydocstyle (documentation)
• black (formatting)
• mypy (type checking)
• pyright (type checking, basis for PyLance language server strict mode)