diff --git a/packages/opentelemetry-instrumentation-langchain/opentelemetry/instrumentation/langchain/callback_handler.py b/packages/opentelemetry-instrumentation-langchain/opentelemetry/instrumentation/langchain/callback_handler.py
index 6b2a7eda07..8d9ad18686 100644
--- a/packages/opentelemetry-instrumentation-langchain/opentelemetry/instrumentation/langchain/callback_handler.py
+++ b/packages/opentelemetry-instrumentation-langchain/opentelemetry/instrumentation/langchain/callback_handler.py
@@ -33,6 +33,10 @@
     MessageEvent,
     ToolCall,
 )
+from opentelemetry.instrumentation.langchain.langgraph_helper import (
+    is_langgraph_task,
+    get_graph_structure,
+)
 from opentelemetry.instrumentation.langchain.span_utils import (
     SpanHolder,
     _set_span_attribute,
@@ -431,6 +435,11 @@ def on_chain_start(
                 ),
             )
 
+        # Add graph structure
+        if is_langgraph_task(name):
+            graph_structure = get_graph_structure()
+            span.set_attribute("graph_structure", graph_structure)
+
         # The start_time is now automatically set when creating the SpanHolder
 
     @dont_throw
diff --git a/packages/opentelemetry-instrumentation-langchain/opentelemetry/instrumentation/langchain/langgraph_helper.py b/packages/opentelemetry-instrumentation-langchain/opentelemetry/instrumentation/langchain/langgraph_helper.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..05179a99d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/opentelemetry-instrumentation-langchain/opentelemetry/instrumentation/langchain/langgraph_helper.py
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+import inspect
+import json
+from langgraph.graph.state import CompiledStateGraph
+
+
+from typing import List, Dict, Union, Any
+
+
+def is_langgraph_task(name: str) -> bool:
+    return name == "LangGraph"
+
+
+def get_compiled_graph():
+    """ Get the compiled graph from the call stack """
+    graph = None
+    invocation_methods = ["Pregel.invoke", "Pregel.ainvoke", "Pregel.stream", "Pregel.astream"]
+    frames = inspect.stack()
+    for frame_info in frames[1:]:
+        if frame_info.frame.f_code.co_qualname in invocation_methods:
+            local_vars = frame_info.frame.f_locals
+            graph = local_vars.get("self", None)
+            graph = graph if isinstance(graph, CompiledStateGraph) else None
+            break
+    return graph
+
+
+def _normalize_endpoint_names(
+    names: Union[str, List[str], tuple[str, ...]]
+) -> List[str]:
+    """Normalize edge endpoints to a list of node names."""
+    if isinstance(names, str):
+        return [names]
+    if isinstance(names, (list, tuple)):
+        return list(names)
+    raise TypeError(f"Unsupported endpoint type: {type(names)!r}")
+
+
+def build_node_graph(compiled_state_graph: CompiledStateGraph) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    """
+    Build a simple node/edge representation from CompiledStateGraph.
+
+    Returns a dict:
+    {
+        "nodes": [node_name, ...],                  # excluding "__start__", "__end__"
+        "edges": [
+            [[source1, ...], [dest1, dest2, ...]],  # each edge has list of sources and list of destinations
+            ...
+        ]
+    }
+    """
+    builder = compiled_state_graph.builder
+
+    # Track *all* node names (including __start__/__end__) for edges,
+    # but only expose non-special nodes in the "nodes" list.
+    all_nodes_ordered = list(compiled_state_graph.nodes.keys())
+    nodes: List[str] = [
+        name for name in all_nodes_ordered if name not in ("__start__", "__end__")
+    ]
+
+    edges: List[List[List[str]]] = []
+
+    # Regular edges
+    for src, dst in builder.edges:
+        src_names = _normalize_endpoint_names(src)
+        dst_names = _normalize_endpoint_names(dst)
+        edges.append([src_names, dst_names])
+
+    # Branches
+    branches: Dict[str, Dict[str]] = builder.branches
+    for source, branch_map in branches.items():
+        for branch in branch_map.values():
+            # branch.ends is expected to be a mapping; we use its values as destinations
+            dest_names = list(branch.ends.values())
+            # Source is a single node here
+            edges.append([[source], dest_names])
+
+    # Waiting edges
+    for src, dst in builder.waiting_edges:
+        src_names = _normalize_endpoint_names(src)
+        dst_names = _normalize_endpoint_names(dst)
+        edges.append([src_names, dst_names])
+
+    return {
+        "nodes": nodes,
+        "edges": edges,
+    }
+
+
+def get_graph_structure() -> str:
+    """
+    Get graph structure as a JSON string.
+
+    Returns:
+        JSON string with structure:
+        {
+            "nodes": [...],
+            "edges": [[[...], [...]], ...]
+        }
+    """
+    graph_structure: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+    graph = get_compiled_graph()
+    if graph:
+        graph_structure = build_node_graph(graph)
+    return json.dumps(graph_structure)