diff --git a/microscoped-core/src/main/java/org/tomitribe/microscoped/core/Scope.java b/microscoped-core/src/main/java/org/tomitribe/microscoped/core/Scope.java
index eebca4c..2a9253b 100644
--- a/microscoped-core/src/main/java/org/tomitribe/microscoped/core/Scope.java
+++ b/microscoped-core/src/main/java/org/tomitribe/microscoped/core/Scope.java
@@ -16,16 +16,19 @@
  */
 package org.tomitribe.microscoped.core;
 
-import javax.enterprise.context.spi.Contextual;
-import javax.enterprise.context.spi.CreationalContext;
 import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
 
-class Scope<Key> {
-    private final Instance<?> NOTHING = new Instance<>(null, null, null);
-
-    private final Map<Contextual<?>, Instance> instances = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+import javax.enterprise.context.ContextNotActiveException;
+import javax.enterprise.context.spi.Contextual;
+import javax.enterprise.context.spi.CreationalContext;
+import javax.enterprise.inject.spi.Bean;
 
+class Scope<Key> {
+    private final Map<Contextual<?>, CompletableFuture<Instance>> instances = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+    private volatile boolean closed = false;
     private final Key key;
 
     public Scope(final Key key) {
@@ -43,7 +46,37 @@ public Key getKey() {
      * @return existing or newly created bean instance, never null
      */
     public <T> T get(final Contextual<T> contextual, final CreationalContext<T> creationalContext) {
-        return (T) instances.computeIfAbsent(contextual, c -> new Instance<>(contextual, creationalContext)).get();
+        if (closed) {
+            throw new ContextNotActiveException(String.format("Context not active [key=%s, contextual=%s, creationalContext=%s]",
+                    String.valueOf(key),
+                    (contextual instanceof Bean) ? ((Bean<?>) contextual).getBeanClass().getName() : String.valueOf(contextual),
+                    String.valueOf(creationalContext)));
+        } else {
+            CompletableFuture<Instance> future = instances.get(contextual);
+            if (future == null) {
+                final CompletableFuture<Instance> newFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
+                // Atomically place the new future in the map.
+                future = instances.putIfAbsent(contextual, newFuture);
+                if (future == null) {
+                    // We won the race. Our future is now in the map. We are responsible for creating the bean.
+                    future = newFuture;
+                    try {
+                        // The creation logic is now safely executed by only one thread.
+                        final Instance<T> createdInstance = new Instance<>(contextual, creationalContext);
+                        future.complete(createdInstance); // Publish the result for other threads.
+                    } catch (final Throwable e) {
+                        // If creation fails, complete the future exceptionally and remove it from the map
+                        // so that subsequent requests can try again.
+                        future.completeExceptionally(e);
+                        instances.remove(contextual, future);
+                        // Re-throw the original exception.
+                        throw e;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            // All threads (the winner and the waiters) wait here for the result.
+            return fastWait(future);
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -53,29 +86,66 @@ public <T> T get(final Contextual<T> contextual, final CreationalContext<T> crea
      * @return existing the bean instance or null
      */
     public <T> T get(final Contextual<T> contextual) {
-        return (T) instances.getOrDefault(contextual, NOTHING).get();
+        if (closed) {
+            throw new ContextNotActiveException(String.format("Context not active [key=%s, contextual=%s]", String.valueOf(key),
+                    (contextual instanceof Bean) ? ((Bean<?>) contextual).getBeanClass().getName() : String.valueOf(contextual)));
+        } else {
+            final CompletableFuture<Instance> future = instances.get(contextual);
+            return fastWait(future);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static <T> T fastWait(final CompletableFuture<Instance> future) throws Error {
+        final T value;
+        if (future == null) {
+            value = null;
+        } else if (future.isDone() && !future.isCompletedExceptionally()) {
+            // Completed normally: read the result without join()
+            final Instance<T> instance = future.getNow(null); // never null in this branch
+            value = instance.get();
+        } else {
+            try {
+                final Instance<T> instance = future.get();
+                value = instance.get();
+            } catch (final InterruptedException e) {
+                Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+                throw new RuntimeException(e);
+            } catch (final ExecutionException ee) {
+                final Throwable cause = ee.getCause() != null ? ee.getCause() : ee;
+                if (cause instanceof RuntimeException) {
+                    throw (RuntimeException) cause;
+                } else {
+                    throw new RuntimeException(cause);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return value;
     }
 
     /**
      * Destroy all the instances in this scope
      */
     public void destroy() {
-        // TODO We really should ensure no more instances can be added during or after this
-        instances.values().stream().forEach(Instance::destroy);
+        closed = true;
+        instances.values().forEach((final CompletableFuture<Instance> future) -> {
+            // There's a small chance
+            if (!future.isCompletedExceptionally()) {
+                future.join().destroy();
+            }
+        });
         instances.clear();
     }
 
-    private class Instance<T> {
+    private static class Instance<T> {
         private final T instance;
         private final CreationalContext<T> creationalContext;
         private final Contextual<T> contextual;
 
         public Instance(final Contextual<T> contextual, final CreationalContext<T> creationalContext) {
-
             this(contextual, creationalContext, contextual.create(creationalContext));
         }
 
-        public Instance(Contextual<T> contextual, CreationalContext<T> creationalContext, T instance) {
+        public Instance(final Contextual<T> contextual, final CreationalContext<T> creationalContext, final T instance) {
             this.instance = instance;
             this.creationalContext = creationalContext;
             this.contextual = contextual;
@@ -86,7 +156,9 @@ public T get() {
         }
 
         public void destroy() {
-            contextual.destroy(instance, creationalContext);
+            if (contextual != null) {
+                contextual.destroy(instance, creationalContext);
+            }
         }
     }
 }