ut: ztest: Port of remaining tests from test/cmocka/src/math/arithmetic #23103

Job	Run time
manifest-check	2m 41s
LP64-WIP	3m 50s
build-windows (-d, mnfst, lnl)	9m 9s
build-windows (mnfst, tgl-h)	8m 57s
build-linux (mnfst, imx8m imx8ulp)	5m 3s
build-windows (mnfst, imx8m imx8ulp)	11m 13s
build-windows (mnfst, mtl)	10m 11s
build-windows (mnfst, lnl)	10m 0s
build-windows (mnfst, tgl)	7m 39s
build-linux (mnfst, tgl-h)	4m 28s
build-linux (mnfst, lnl)	4m 20s
build-linux (mnfst, ptl)	5m 25s
build-windows (mnfst, ptl)	10m 35s
build-linux (mnfst, wcl imx95)	7m 6s
build-linux (mnfst, imx8 imx8x)	5m 0s
build-windows (mnfst, imx8 imx8x)	10m 25s
build-linux (mnfst, mtl)	4m 26s
build-linux (-d, mnfst, lnl)	6m 3s
build-linux (mnfst, tgl)	4m 13s
compare-linux-win	36s
	2h 11m 20s

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