diff --git a/Sources/SwiftBuildSupport/SwiftBuildSystem.swift b/Sources/SwiftBuildSupport/SwiftBuildSystem.swift
index c92a598ea2c..fa365043c0c 100644
--- a/Sources/SwiftBuildSupport/SwiftBuildSystem.swift
+++ b/Sources/SwiftBuildSupport/SwiftBuildSystem.swift
@@ -891,6 +891,20 @@ public final class SwiftBuildSystem: SPMBuildCore.BuildSystem {
             }
         }
 
+        for sanitizer in buildParameters.sanitizers.sanitizers {
+            self.observabilityScope.emit(debug:"Enabling \(sanitizer) sanitizer")
+            switch sanitizer {
+                case .address:
+                    settings["ENABLE_ADDRESS_SANITIZER"] = "YES"
+                case .thread:
+                    settings["ENABLE_THREAD_SANITIZER"] = "YES"
+                case .undefined:
+                    settings["ENABLE_UNDEFINED_BEHAVIOR_SANITIZER"] = "YES"
+                case .fuzzer, .scudo:
+                    throw StringError("\(sanitizer) is not currently supported with this build system.")
+            }
+        }
+
         // FIXME: workaround for old Xcode installations such as what is in CI
         settings["LM_SKIP_METADATA_EXTRACTION"] = "YES"
         if let symbolGraphOptions {
diff --git a/Sources/_InternalTestSupport/MockBuildTestHelper.swift b/Sources/_InternalTestSupport/MockBuildTestHelper.swift
index 66fc707243d..bcb24f05a18 100644
--- a/Sources/_InternalTestSupport/MockBuildTestHelper.swift
+++ b/Sources/_InternalTestSupport/MockBuildTestHelper.swift
@@ -92,7 +92,8 @@ public func mockBuildParameters(
     linkTimeOptimizationMode: BuildParameters.LinkTimeOptimizationMode? = nil,
     omitFramePointers: Bool? = nil,
     enableXCFrameworksOnLinux: Bool = false,
-    prepareForIndexing: BuildParameters.PrepareForIndexingMode = .off
+    prepareForIndexing: BuildParameters.PrepareForIndexingMode = .off,
+    sanitizers: [Sanitizer] = [],
 ) -> BuildParameters {
     try! BuildParameters(
         destination: destination,
@@ -104,6 +105,7 @@ public func mockBuildParameters(
         buildSystemKind: buildSystemKind,
         pkgConfigDirectories: [],
         workers: 3,
+        sanitizers: EnabledSanitizers(Set(sanitizers)),
         indexStoreMode: indexStoreMode,
         prepareForIndexing: prepareForIndexing,
         enableXCFrameworksOnLinux: enableXCFrameworksOnLinux,
@@ -120,7 +122,7 @@ public func mockBuildParameters(
             linkTimeOptimizationMode: linkTimeOptimizationMode,
             shouldDisableLocalRpath: shouldDisableLocalRpath,
             shouldLinkStaticSwiftStdlib: shouldLinkStaticSwiftStdlib
-        )
+        ),
     )
 }
 
diff --git a/Sources/_InternalTestSupport/SwiftTesting+Tags.swift b/Sources/_InternalTestSupport/SwiftTesting+Tags.swift
index e5374633046..9bb6b5eeaf3 100644
--- a/Sources/_InternalTestSupport/SwiftTesting+Tags.swift
+++ b/Sources/_InternalTestSupport/SwiftTesting+Tags.swift
@@ -28,6 +28,12 @@ extension Tag.Platform {
     @Tag public static var FileSystem: Tag
 }
 
+extension Tag.FunctionalArea {
+    @Tag public static var PIF: Tag
+    @Tag public static var IndexMode: Tag
+    @Tag public static var Sanitizer: Tag
+}
+
 extension Tag.Feature {
     public enum Command {}
     public enum CommandLineArguments {}
@@ -192,8 +198,3 @@ extension Tag.Feature.Product {
     @Tag public static var Execute: Tag
     @Tag public static var Link: Tag
 }
-
-extension Tag.FunctionalArea {
-    @Tag public static var PIF: Tag
-    @Tag public static var IndexMode: Tag
-}
diff --git a/Tests/CommandsTests/Sanitizer+ExtensionsTests.swift b/Tests/CommandsTests/Sanitizer+ExtensionsTests.swift
index c7008f269b1..6db32201f71 100644
--- a/Tests/CommandsTests/Sanitizer+ExtensionsTests.swift
+++ b/Tests/CommandsTests/Sanitizer+ExtensionsTests.swift
@@ -15,7 +15,8 @@ import enum PackageModel.Sanitizer
 
 @Suite(
     .tags(
-        Tag.TestSize.small,
+        .TestSize.small,
+        .FunctionalArea.Sanitizer,
     ),
 )
 struct SanitizerExtensionTests {
diff --git a/Tests/SwiftBuildSupportTests/PIFBuilderTests.swift b/Tests/SwiftBuildSupportTests/PIFBuilderTests.swift
index 97831830612..a0f672136f3 100644
--- a/Tests/SwiftBuildSupportTests/PIFBuilderTests.swift
+++ b/Tests/SwiftBuildSupportTests/PIFBuilderTests.swift
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ struct PIFBuilderTests {
             let releaseConfig = try pif.workspace
                 .project(named: "BasicExecutable")
                 .target(named: "Executable")
-                .buildConfig(named: "Release")
+                .buildConfig(named: .release)
 
             for platform in ProjectModel.BuildSettings.Platform.allCases {
                 let search_paths = releaseConfig.impartedBuildProperties.settings[.LIBRARY_SEARCH_PATHS, platform]
diff --git a/Tests/SwiftBuildSupportTests/SwiftBuildSystemTests.swift b/Tests/SwiftBuildSupportTests/SwiftBuildSystemTests.swift
index 469278229bb..161c94eec1a 100644
--- a/Tests/SwiftBuildSupportTests/SwiftBuildSystemTests.swift
+++ b/Tests/SwiftBuildSupportTests/SwiftBuildSystemTests.swift
@@ -113,6 +113,25 @@ func withInstantiatedSwiftBuildSystem(
     }
 }
 
+extension PackageModel.Sanitizer {
+    var hasSwiftBuildSupport: Bool {
+        switch self {
+            case .address, .thread, .undefined: true
+            case .fuzzer, .scudo: false
+        }
+    }
+
+    var swiftBuildSettingName: String? {
+        switch self {
+            case .address: "ENABLE_ADDRESS_SANITIZER"
+            case .thread: "ENABLE_THREAD_SANITIZER"
+            case .undefined: "ENABLE_UNDEFINED_BEHAVIOR_SANITIZER"
+            case .fuzzer, .scudo: nil
+        }
+
+    }
+}
+
 @Suite(
     .tags(
         .TestSize.medium,
@@ -120,6 +139,64 @@ func withInstantiatedSwiftBuildSystem(
 )
 struct SwiftBuildSystemTests {
 
+    @Suite(
+        .tags(
+            .FunctionalArea.Sanitizer,
+        )
+    )
+    struct SanitizerTests {
+
+        @Test(
+            arguments: PackageModel.Sanitizer.allCases.filter { $0.hasSwiftBuildSupport },
+        )
+        func sanitizersSettingSetCorrectBuildRequest(
+            sanitizer: Sanitizer,
+        ) async throws {
+            try await withInstantiatedSwiftBuildSystem(
+                fromFixture: "PIFBuilder/Simple",
+                buildParameters: mockBuildParameters(
+                    destination: .host,
+                    sanitizers: [sanitizer],
+                ),
+            ) { swiftBuild, session, observabilityScope, buildParameters in
+                let buildSettings: SWBBuildParameters = try await swiftBuild.makeBuildParameters(
+                    session: session,
+                    symbolGraphOptions: nil,
+                    setToolchainSetting: false, // Set this to false as SwiftBuild checks the toolchain path
+                )
+
+                let synthesizedArgs = try #require(buildSettings.overrides.synthesized)
+
+                let swbSettingName = try #require(sanitizer.swiftBuildSettingName)
+                #expect(synthesizedArgs.table[swbSettingName] == "YES")
+            }
+
+        }
+
+        @Test(
+            arguments: PackageModel.Sanitizer.allCases.filter { !$0.hasSwiftBuildSupport },
+        )
+        func unsupportedSanitizersRaisesError(
+            sanitizer: Sanitizer,
+        ) async throws {
+            try await withInstantiatedSwiftBuildSystem(
+                fromFixture: "PIFBuilder/Simple",
+                buildParameters: mockBuildParameters(
+                    destination: .host,
+                    sanitizers: [sanitizer],
+                ),
+            ) { swiftBuild, session, observabilityScope, buildParameters in
+                await #expect(throws: (any Error).self) {
+                    try await swiftBuild.makeBuildParameters(
+                        session: session,
+                        symbolGraphOptions: nil,
+                        setToolchainSetting: false, // Set this to false as SwiftBuild checks the toolchain path
+                    )
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     @Test(
         arguments: BuildParameters.IndexStoreMode.allCases,
         // arguments: [BuildParameters.IndexStoreMode.on],