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categories\ndate: 2022-05-23 19:39:49\ntype: \"categories\"\n---\n","updated":"2022-05-25T10:39:13.761Z","path":"categories/index.html","comments":1,"layout":"page","_id":"cl42mhu3r0000r8vl6rw14ijx","content":"","site":{"data":{}},"excerpt":"","more":""},{"title":"关于","date":"2022-05-23T10:52:22.000Z","_content":"\n#性别：男\n#籍贯：中国湖南省耒阳市\n#年龄：25+\n#专业：控制科学与工程专业\n\n#学习经历\n- 小学：耒阳市金杯完小\n- 初中：耒阳市冠湘中学\n- 高中：耒阳一中\n- 本科：华中科技大学\n- 研究生：华南理工大学\n\n#写博客的目的\n一、养成一个好习惯，记录自己学习编程的历程。\n\n二、记录自己遇到并解决的一些困难，并自己拙劣的见解放在博客供人参考。\n\n三、提高自己的思维能力，加深对技术的理解。\n\n\n\n####github:\nhttps://github.com/stuBirdFly/stuBirdFly.github.io.git","source":"about/index.md","raw":"---\ntitle: 关于\ndate: 2022-05-23 18:52:22\n---\n\n#性别：男\n#籍贯：中国湖南省耒阳市\n#年龄：25+\n#专业：控制科学与工程专业\n\n#学习经历\n- 小学：耒阳市金杯完小\n- 初中：耒阳市冠湘中学\n- 高中：耒阳一中\n- 本科：华中科技大学\n- 研究生：华南理工大学\n\n#写博客的目的\n一、养成一个好习惯，记录自己学习编程的历程。\n\n二、记录自己遇到并解决的一些困难，并自己拙劣的见解放在博客供人参考。\n\n三、提高自己的思维能力，加深对技术的理解。\n\n\n\n####github:\nhttps://github.com/stuBirdFly/stuBirdFly.github.io.git","updated":"2022-05-25T10:39:13.761Z","path":"about/index.html","comments":1,"layout":"page","_id":"cl42mhu3v0002r8vlakwsdokk","content":"<p>#性别：男<br>#籍贯：中国湖南省耒阳市<br>#年龄：25+<br>#专业：控制科学与工程专业</p>\n<p>#学习经历</p>\n<ul>\n<li>小学：耒阳市金杯完小</li>\n<li>初中：耒阳市冠湘中学</li>\n<li>高中：耒阳一中</li>\n<li>本科：华中科技大学</li>\n<li>研究生：华南理工大学</li>\n</ul>\n<p>#写博客的目的<br>一、养成一个好习惯，记录自己学习编程的历程。</p>\n<p>二、记录自己遇到并解决的一些困难，并自己拙劣的见解放在博客供人参考。</p>\n<p>三、提高自己的思维能力，加深对技术的理解。</p>\n<p>####github:<br><a href=\"https://github.com/stuBirdFly/stuBirdFly.github.io.git\">https://github.com/stuBirdFly/stuBirdFly.github.io.git</a></p>\n","site":{"data":{}},"excerpt":"","more":"<p>#性别：男<br>#籍贯：中国湖南省耒阳市<br>#年龄：25+<br>#专业：控制科学与工程专业</p>\n<p>#学习经历</p>\n<ul>\n<li>小学：耒阳市金杯完小</li>\n<li>初中：耒阳市冠湘中学</li>\n<li>高中：耒阳一中</li>\n<li>本科：华中科技大学</li>\n<li>研究生：华南理工大学</li>\n</ul>\n<p>#写博客的目的<br>一、养成一个好习惯，记录自己学习编程的历程。</p>\n<p>二、记录自己遇到并解决的一些困难，并自己拙劣的见解放在博客供人参考。</p>\n<p>三、提高自己的思维能力，加深对技术的理解。</p>\n<p>####github:<br><a href=\"https://github.com/stuBirdFly/stuBirdFly.github.io.git\">https://github.com/stuBirdFly/stuBirdFly.github.io.git</a></p>\n"}],"Post":[{"title":"函数模板","date":"2022-05-27T06:47:07.000Z","_content":"\n# 函数模板概念\n\n函数模板是用于生成函数的模板，**在编译阶段**，编译器会根据函数模板的使用情况创建出**函数名**相同，参数类型由编译器判断的若干函数。\n\n通过函数模板创建的函数拥有相同的函数体，只是函数的参数类型不同。\n\n简而言之，函数模板就是函数逻辑相同，参数类型不同，可以使本来多个函数体变为一个函数体。\n\n# 函数模板的使用\n\n**函数模板的定义和声明最好放在头文件中**\n\n\n\n## 函数模板的声明\n\n```c++\ntemplate<typename T>\n返回类型   函数名  （参数列表）\n{\n    函数体\n}\n```\n\n如：比较两个整形和浮点是否相等，因为参数类型不同，本要写两个函数体，但是因为逻辑一样，使用函数模板的话就只需要一个函数。\n\n```c++\ntemplate<typename T>\n//函数的声明\nbool isEqual(T a,T b);\n//函数的定义\nbool isEqual(T a,T b)\n{\n    return a==b;\n}\n```\n\n\n\n# 函数模板的特化\n\n函数模板的特化是指在实例化函数模板时，对特定类型的实参进行特殊的处理。即当**实参为特定类型**的时候，通过函数模板生成的函数会有不同的函数体。\n\n## 函数模板特化的定义\n\n```c++\ntemplate<>\n返回类型  函数名<特定类型>(参数列表)\n{\n    函数体\n}\n```\n\n如：出现字符串类型进行比较，则使用==无法比较，此时需要函数模板的特化，额外添加一个函数声明。\n\n```c++\ntemplate<>\nbool isEqual<char*>(char* s1,char* s2)\n{\n    return strcmp(s1,s2)==0; \n}\n```\n\n\n\n","source":"_posts/函数模板.md","raw":"---\ntitle: 函数模板\ndate: 2022-05-27 14:47:07\ncategories:\n- c++\n---\n\n# 函数模板概念\n\n函数模板是用于生成函数的模板，**在编译阶段**，编译器会根据函数模板的使用情况创建出**函数名**相同，参数类型由编译器判断的若干函数。\n\n通过函数模板创建的函数拥有相同的函数体，只是函数的参数类型不同。\n\n简而言之，函数模板就是函数逻辑相同，参数类型不同，可以使本来多个函数体变为一个函数体。\n\n# 函数模板的使用\n\n**函数模板的定义和声明最好放在头文件中**\n\n\n\n## 函数模板的声明\n\n```c++\ntemplate<typename T>\n返回类型   函数名  （参数列表）\n{\n    函数体\n}\n```\n\n如：比较两个整形和浮点是否相等，因为参数类型不同，本要写两个函数体，但是因为逻辑一样，使用函数模板的话就只需要一个函数。\n\n```c++\ntemplate<typename T>\n//函数的声明\nbool isEqual(T a,T b);\n//函数的定义\nbool isEqual(T a,T b)\n{\n    return a==b;\n}\n```\n\n\n\n# 函数模板的特化\n\n函数模板的特化是指在实例化函数模板时，对特定类型的实参进行特殊的处理。即当**实参为特定类型**的时候，通过函数模板生成的函数会有不同的函数体。\n\n## 函数模板特化的定义\n\n```c++\ntemplate<>\n返回类型  函数名<特定类型>(参数列表)\n{\n    函数体\n}\n```\n\n如：出现字符串类型进行比较，则使用==无法比较，此时需要函数模板的特化，额外添加一个函数声明。\n\n```c++\ntemplate<>\nbool isEqual<char*>(char* s1,char* s2)\n{\n    return strcmp(s1,s2)==0; \n}\n```\n\n\n\n","slug":"函数模板","published":1,"updated":"2022-05-27T07:31:47.134Z","comments":1,"layout":"post","photos":[],"link":"","_id":"cl42mhu3t0001r8vl5ao71g42","content":"<h1 id=\"函数模板概念\"><a href=\"#函数模板概念\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"函数模板概念\"></a>函数模板概念</h1><p>函数模板是用于生成函数的模板，<strong>在编译阶段</strong>，编译器会根据函数模板的使用情况创建出<strong>函数名</strong>相同，参数类型由编译器判断的若干函数。</p>\n<p>通过函数模板创建的函数拥有相同的函数体，只是函数的参数类型不同。</p>\n<p>简而言之，函数模板就是函数逻辑相同，参数类型不同，可以使本来多个函数体变为一个函数体。</p>\n<h1 id=\"函数模板的使用\"><a href=\"#函数模板的使用\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"函数模板的使用\"></a>函数模板的使用</h1><p><strong>函数模板的定义和声明最好放在头文件中</strong></p>\n<h2 id=\"函数模板的声明\"><a href=\"#函数模板的声明\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"函数模板的声明\"></a>函数模板的声明</h2><figure class=\"highlight c++\"><table><tr><td class=\"gutter\"><pre><span class=\"line\">1</span><br><span class=\"line\">2</span><br><span class=\"line\">3</span><br><span class=\"line\">4</span><br><span class=\"line\">5</span><br></pre></td><td class=\"code\"><pre><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"keyword\">template</span>&lt;<span class=\"keyword\">typename</span> T&gt;</span><br><span class=\"line\">返回类型   函数名  （参数列表）</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\">    函数体</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>\n\n<p>如：比较两个整形和浮点是否相等，因为参数类型不同，本要写两个函数体，但是因为逻辑一样，使用函数模板的话就只需要一个函数。</p>\n<figure class=\"highlight c++\"><table><tr><td class=\"gutter\"><pre><span class=\"line\">1</span><br><span class=\"line\">2</span><br><span class=\"line\">3</span><br><span class=\"line\">4</span><br><span class=\"line\">5</span><br><span class=\"line\">6</span><br><span class=\"line\">7</span><br><span class=\"line\">8</span><br></pre></td><td class=\"code\"><pre><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"keyword\">template</span>&lt;<span class=\"keyword\">typename</span> T&gt;</span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"comment\">//函数的声明</span></span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"function\"><span class=\"type\">bool</span> <span class=\"title\">isEqual</span><span class=\"params\">(T a,T b)</span></span>;</span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"comment\">//函数的定义</span></span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"function\"><span class=\"type\">bool</span> <span class=\"title\">isEqual</span><span class=\"params\">(T a,T b)</span></span></span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"function\"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\">    <span class=\"keyword\">return</span> a==b;</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>\n\n\n\n<h1 id=\"函数模板的特化\"><a href=\"#函数模板的特化\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"函数模板的特化\"></a>函数模板的特化</h1><p>函数模板的特化是指在实例化函数模板时，对特定类型的实参进行特殊的处理。即当<strong>实参为特定类型</strong>的时候，通过函数模板生成的函数会有不同的函数体。</p>\n<h2 id=\"函数模板特化的定义\"><a href=\"#函数模板特化的定义\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"函数模板特化的定义\"></a>函数模板特化的定义</h2><figure class=\"highlight c++\"><table><tr><td class=\"gutter\"><pre><span class=\"line\">1</span><br><span class=\"line\">2</span><br><span class=\"line\">3</span><br><span class=\"line\">4</span><br><span class=\"line\">5</span><br></pre></td><td class=\"code\"><pre><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"keyword\">template</span>&lt;&gt;</span><br><span class=\"line\">返回类型  函数名&lt;特定类型&gt;(参数列表)</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\">    函数体</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>\n\n<p>如：出现字符串类型进行比较，则使用==无法比较，此时需要函数模板的特化，额外添加一个函数声明。</p>\n<figure class=\"highlight c++\"><table><tr><td class=\"gutter\"><pre><span class=\"line\">1</span><br><span class=\"line\">2</span><br><span class=\"line\">3</span><br><span class=\"line\">4</span><br><span class=\"line\">5</span><br></pre></td><td class=\"code\"><pre><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"keyword\">template</span>&lt;&gt;</span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"type\">bool</span> <span class=\"built_in\">isEqual</span>&lt;<span class=\"type\">char</span>*&gt;(<span class=\"type\">char</span>* s1,<span class=\"type\">char</span>* s2)</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\">    <span class=\"keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"built_in\">strcmp</span>(s1,s2)==<span class=\"number\">0</span>; </span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>\n\n\n\n","site":{"data":{}},"excerpt":"","more":"<h1 id=\"函数模板概念\"><a href=\"#函数模板概念\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"函数模板概念\"></a>函数模板概念</h1><p>函数模板是用于生成函数的模板，<strong>在编译阶段</strong>，编译器会根据函数模板的使用情况创建出<strong>函数名</strong>相同，参数类型由编译器判断的若干函数。</p>\n<p>通过函数模板创建的函数拥有相同的函数体，只是函数的参数类型不同。</p>\n<p>简而言之，函数模板就是函数逻辑相同，参数类型不同，可以使本来多个函数体变为一个函数体。</p>\n<h1 id=\"函数模板的使用\"><a href=\"#函数模板的使用\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"函数模板的使用\"></a>函数模板的使用</h1><p><strong>函数模板的定义和声明最好放在头文件中</strong></p>\n<h2 id=\"函数模板的声明\"><a href=\"#函数模板的声明\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"函数模板的声明\"></a>函数模板的声明</h2><figure class=\"highlight c++\"><table><tr><td class=\"gutter\"><pre><span class=\"line\">1</span><br><span class=\"line\">2</span><br><span class=\"line\">3</span><br><span class=\"line\">4</span><br><span class=\"line\">5</span><br></pre></td><td class=\"code\"><pre><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"keyword\">template</span>&lt;<span class=\"keyword\">typename</span> T&gt;</span><br><span class=\"line\">返回类型   函数名  （参数列表）</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\">    函数体</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>\n\n<p>如：比较两个整形和浮点是否相等，因为参数类型不同，本要写两个函数体，但是因为逻辑一样，使用函数模板的话就只需要一个函数。</p>\n<figure class=\"highlight c++\"><table><tr><td class=\"gutter\"><pre><span class=\"line\">1</span><br><span class=\"line\">2</span><br><span class=\"line\">3</span><br><span class=\"line\">4</span><br><span class=\"line\">5</span><br><span class=\"line\">6</span><br><span class=\"line\">7</span><br><span class=\"line\">8</span><br></pre></td><td class=\"code\"><pre><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"keyword\">template</span>&lt;<span class=\"keyword\">typename</span> T&gt;</span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"comment\">//函数的声明</span></span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"function\"><span class=\"type\">bool</span> <span class=\"title\">isEqual</span><span class=\"params\">(T a,T b)</span></span>;</span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"comment\">//函数的定义</span></span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"function\"><span class=\"type\">bool</span> <span class=\"title\">isEqual</span><span class=\"params\">(T a,T b)</span></span></span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"function\"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\">    <span class=\"keyword\">return</span> a==b;</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>\n\n\n\n<h1 id=\"函数模板的特化\"><a href=\"#函数模板的特化\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"函数模板的特化\"></a>函数模板的特化</h1><p>函数模板的特化是指在实例化函数模板时，对特定类型的实参进行特殊的处理。即当<strong>实参为特定类型</strong>的时候，通过函数模板生成的函数会有不同的函数体。</p>\n<h2 id=\"函数模板特化的定义\"><a href=\"#函数模板特化的定义\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"函数模板特化的定义\"></a>函数模板特化的定义</h2><figure class=\"highlight c++\"><table><tr><td class=\"gutter\"><pre><span class=\"line\">1</span><br><span class=\"line\">2</span><br><span class=\"line\">3</span><br><span class=\"line\">4</span><br><span class=\"line\">5</span><br></pre></td><td class=\"code\"><pre><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"keyword\">template</span>&lt;&gt;</span><br><span class=\"line\">返回类型  函数名&lt;特定类型&gt;(参数列表)</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\">    函数体</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>\n\n<p>如：出现字符串类型进行比较，则使用==无法比较，此时需要函数模板的特化，额外添加一个函数声明。</p>\n<figure class=\"highlight c++\"><table><tr><td class=\"gutter\"><pre><span class=\"line\">1</span><br><span class=\"line\">2</span><br><span class=\"line\">3</span><br><span class=\"line\">4</span><br><span class=\"line\">5</span><br></pre></td><td class=\"code\"><pre><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"keyword\">template</span>&lt;&gt;</span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"type\">bool</span> <span class=\"built_in\">isEqual</span>&lt;<span class=\"type\">char</span>*&gt;(<span class=\"type\">char</span>* s1,<span class=\"type\">char</span>* s2)</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\">    <span class=\"keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"built_in\">strcmp</span>(s1,s2)==<span class=\"number\">0</span>; </span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>\n\n\n\n"},{"title":"学习typora","date":"2022-05-26T08:30:12.000Z","_content":"\n# 标题\n\n加一个#和空格表示一级标题，加两个##表示二级标题，类似的，可以到六级标题。（注意#后与标题间要有个空格），而markdown是不需要的。\n\n\n\n# 段落\n\n按换行符enter可以建立新的一行，按shift+enter可以创建一个比段落间距更小的行间距。\n\n\n\n# 字体\n\n### 斜体\n\n以* 或_ 括住需要改变字体的文段，例如：\n\n*这是我要改变的斜体1*，                 _这是我要改变的斜体二_。\n\n### 加粗\n\n以** 或_ _括住的字体就是加粗字体，例如：\n\n**加粗字体1**，__加粗字体二__。\n\n### 删除线\n\n开头用~~,结尾也用，例如：\n\n~~这是错误文字~~\n\n### 下划线\n\n使用HTML标签< u >和< /u >,中间没有空格，例如：\n\n<u>这是下划线</u>\n\n### 高亮\n\n用==括住的内容就是高亮内容，需要自己在偏好设置里面打开这项功能，例如：\n\n==这是高亮内容==\n\n\n\n# 代码\n\n行内输入代码块快捷键：Ctrl+shift+K\n\n- 1.开头```+语言名，开启代码块，换行键\n\n```c++\n#include <iostream>\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main()\n{\n    cout<<\"这是一个测试文件\";\n}\n```\n\n- 2.用`包括起来的也是表示代码\n\n  `这也可以显示成代码`\n\n\n\n# 分割线\n\n输入···按换行建换行，即可绘制一条水平线,如\n\n···\n\n\n\n# 超链接\n\n用[ ]括住要超链接的内容，然后后面用( )括住超链接的地址，如：\n\n[我的github]（https://github.com/stuBirdFly/stuBirdFly.github.io）\n\n\n\n# URLs\n\n用<>括住url，可手动设置url，对于标准的urls会自动识别，如：\n\n<www.baidu.com>\n\n\n\n# 图片\n\n- 1.手动添加：和添加超链接方式区别不大，前面加一个感叹号！。如\n\n  ![图片名称](图片地址)\n\n  \n\n- 2.直接拖曳进来，自动生成链接。\n\n\n\n# Typora图床设置\n\n进入Typora偏好设置,点击图像，**这里注意：Typora的版本必须在0.9.86以上**才可以在Typora中集成图床。设置如下图所示：\n\n![设置图片](https://s2.loli.net/2022/05/26/ECM8DWwkJxBuf4X.png)\n\n下载更新完以后打开配置文件，按下图格式修改：\n\n![配置文件修改](https://s2.loli.net/2022/05/26/IqFP4u9bdBUZfTr.png)\n\n**注意：\"smms\"后有个逗号。**\n\n如果没有图床账号，可以去www.sm.ms去注册一个账号，然后生成一个Token！\n\n最后再回到设置页面，左下角验证图片上传选项，提示成功上传图片即可。如果失败检查配置文件。\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","source":"_posts/学习typora.md","raw":"---\ntitle: 学习typora\ndate: 2022-05-26 16:30:12\ncategories: \n- 其他\n---\n\n# 标题\n\n加一个#和空格表示一级标题，加两个##表示二级标题，类似的，可以到六级标题。（注意#后与标题间要有个空格），而markdown是不需要的。\n\n\n\n# 段落\n\n按换行符enter可以建立新的一行，按shift+enter可以创建一个比段落间距更小的行间距。\n\n\n\n# 字体\n\n### 斜体\n\n以* 或_ 括住需要改变字体的文段，例如：\n\n*这是我要改变的斜体1*，                 _这是我要改变的斜体二_。\n\n### 加粗\n\n以** 或_ _括住的字体就是加粗字体，例如：\n\n**加粗字体1**，__加粗字体二__。\n\n### 删除线\n\n开头用~~,结尾也用，例如：\n\n~~这是错误文字~~\n\n### 下划线\n\n使用HTML标签< u >和< /u >,中间没有空格，例如：\n\n<u>这是下划线</u>\n\n### 高亮\n\n用==括住的内容就是高亮内容，需要自己在偏好设置里面打开这项功能，例如：\n\n==这是高亮内容==\n\n\n\n# 代码\n\n行内输入代码块快捷键：Ctrl+shift+K\n\n- 1.开头```+语言名，开启代码块，换行键\n\n```c++\n#include <iostream>\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main()\n{\n    cout<<\"这是一个测试文件\";\n}\n```\n\n- 2.用`包括起来的也是表示代码\n\n  `这也可以显示成代码`\n\n\n\n# 分割线\n\n输入···按换行建换行，即可绘制一条水平线,如\n\n···\n\n\n\n# 超链接\n\n用[ ]括住要超链接的内容，然后后面用( )括住超链接的地址，如：\n\n[我的github]（https://github.com/stuBirdFly/stuBirdFly.github.io）\n\n\n\n# URLs\n\n用<>括住url，可手动设置url，对于标准的urls会自动识别，如：\n\n<www.baidu.com>\n\n\n\n# 图片\n\n- 1.手动添加：和添加超链接方式区别不大，前面加一个感叹号！。如\n\n  ![图片名称](图片地址)\n\n  \n\n- 2.直接拖曳进来，自动生成链接。\n\n\n\n# Typora图床设置\n\n进入Typora偏好设置,点击图像，**这里注意：Typora的版本必须在0.9.86以上**才可以在Typora中集成图床。设置如下图所示：\n\n![设置图片](https://s2.loli.net/2022/05/26/ECM8DWwkJxBuf4X.png)\n\n下载更新完以后打开配置文件，按下图格式修改：\n\n![配置文件修改](https://s2.loli.net/2022/05/26/IqFP4u9bdBUZfTr.png)\n\n**注意：\"smms\"后有个逗号。**\n\n如果没有图床账号，可以去www.sm.ms去注册一个账号，然后生成一个Token！\n\n最后再回到设置页面，左下角验证图片上传选项，提示成功上传图片即可。如果失败检查配置文件。\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","slug":"学习typora","published":1,"updated":"2022-05-27T07:43:55.328Z","comments":1,"layout":"post","photos":[],"link":"","_id":"cl42mhu3w0003r8vl4fgn8wkr","content":"<h1 id=\"标题\"><a href=\"#标题\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"标题\"></a>标题</h1><p>加一个#和空格表示一级标题，加两个##表示二级标题，类似的，可以到六级标题。（注意#后与标题间要有个空格），而markdown是不需要的。</p>\n<h1 id=\"段落\"><a href=\"#段落\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"段落\"></a>段落</h1><p>按换行符enter可以建立新的一行，按shift+enter可以创建一个比段落间距更小的行间距。</p>\n<h1 id=\"字体\"><a href=\"#字体\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"字体\"></a>字体</h1><h3 id=\"斜体\"><a href=\"#斜体\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"斜体\"></a>斜体</h3><p>以* 或_ 括住需要改变字体的文段，例如：</p>\n<p><em>这是我要改变的斜体1</em>，                 _这是我要改变的斜体二_。</p>\n<h3 id=\"加粗\"><a href=\"#加粗\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"加粗\"></a>加粗</h3><p>以** 或_ _括住的字体就是加粗字体，例如：</p>\n<p><strong>加粗字体1</strong>，__加粗字体二__。</p>\n<h3 id=\"删除线\"><a href=\"#删除线\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"删除线\"></a>删除线</h3><p>开头用~~,结尾也用，例如：</p>\n<p><del>这是错误文字</del></p>\n<h3 id=\"下划线\"><a href=\"#下划线\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"下划线\"></a>下划线</h3><p>使用HTML标签&lt; u &gt;和&lt; /u &gt;,中间没有空格，例如：</p>\n<p><u>这是下划线</u></p>\n<h3 id=\"高亮\"><a href=\"#高亮\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"高亮\"></a>高亮</h3><p>用==括住的内容就是高亮内容，需要自己在偏好设置里面打开这项功能，例如：</p>\n<p>==这是高亮内容==</p>\n<h1 id=\"代码\"><a href=\"#代码\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"代码\"></a>代码</h1><p>行内输入代码块快捷键：Ctrl+shift+K</p>\n<ul>\n<li>1.开头```+语言名，开启代码块，换行键</li>\n</ul>\n<figure class=\"highlight c++\"><table><tr><td class=\"gutter\"><pre><span class=\"line\">1</span><br><span class=\"line\">2</span><br><span class=\"line\">3</span><br><span class=\"line\">4</span><br><span class=\"line\">5</span><br><span class=\"line\">6</span><br><span class=\"line\">7</span><br></pre></td><td class=\"code\"><pre><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"meta\">#<span class=\"keyword\">include</span> <span class=\"string\">&lt;iostream&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"keyword\">using</span> <span class=\"keyword\">namespace</span> std;</span><br><span class=\"line\"></span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"function\"><span class=\"type\">int</span> <span class=\"title\">main</span><span class=\"params\">()</span></span></span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"function\"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\">    cout&lt;&lt;<span class=\"string\">&quot;这是一个测试文件&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>\n\n<ul>\n<li><p>2.用`包括起来的也是表示代码</p>\n<p><code>这也可以显示成代码</code></p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<h1 id=\"分割线\"><a href=\"#分割线\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"分割线\"></a>分割线</h1><p>输入···按换行建换行，即可绘制一条水平线,如</p>\n<p>···</p>\n<h1 id=\"超链接\"><a href=\"#超链接\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"超链接\"></a>超链接</h1><p>用[ ]括住要超链接的内容，然后后面用( )括住超链接的地址，如：</p>\n<p>[我的github]（<a href=\"https://github.com/stuBirdFly/stuBirdFly.github.io%EF%BC%89\">https://github.com/stuBirdFly/stuBirdFly.github.io）</a></p>\n<h1 id=\"URLs\"><a href=\"#URLs\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"URLs\"></a>URLs</h1><p>用&lt;&gt;括住url，可手动设置url，对于标准的urls会自动识别，如：</p>\n<p>&lt;<a href=\"http://www.baidu.com&gt;/\">www.baidu.com&gt;</a></p>\n<h1 id=\"图片\"><a href=\"#图片\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"图片\"></a>图片</h1><ul>\n<li><p>1.手动添加：和添加超链接方式区别不大，前面加一个感叹号！。如</p>\n<p><img src=\"%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87%E5%9C%B0%E5%9D%80\" alt=\"图片名称\"></p>\n</li>\n<li><p>2.直接拖曳进来，自动生成链接。</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<h1 id=\"Typora图床设置\"><a href=\"#Typora图床设置\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"Typora图床设置\"></a>Typora图床设置</h1><p>进入Typora偏好设置,点击图像，<strong>这里注意：Typora的版本必须在0.9.86以上</strong>才可以在Typora中集成图床。设置如下图所示：</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://s2.loli.net/2022/05/26/ECM8DWwkJxBuf4X.png\" alt=\"设置图片\"></p>\n<p>下载更新完以后打开配置文件，按下图格式修改：</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://s2.loli.net/2022/05/26/IqFP4u9bdBUZfTr.png\" alt=\"配置文件修改\"></p>\n<p><strong>注意：”smms”后有个逗号。</strong></p>\n<p>如果没有图床账号，可以去<a href=\"http://www.sm.ms去注册一个账号,然后生成一个token!/\">www.sm.ms去注册一个账号，然后生成一个Token！</a></p>\n<p>最后再回到设置页面，左下角验证图片上传选项，提示成功上传图片即可。如果失败检查配置文件。</p>\n","site":{"data":{}},"excerpt":"","more":"<h1 id=\"标题\"><a href=\"#标题\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"标题\"></a>标题</h1><p>加一个#和空格表示一级标题，加两个##表示二级标题，类似的，可以到六级标题。（注意#后与标题间要有个空格），而markdown是不需要的。</p>\n<h1 id=\"段落\"><a href=\"#段落\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"段落\"></a>段落</h1><p>按换行符enter可以建立新的一行，按shift+enter可以创建一个比段落间距更小的行间距。</p>\n<h1 id=\"字体\"><a href=\"#字体\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"字体\"></a>字体</h1><h3 id=\"斜体\"><a href=\"#斜体\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"斜体\"></a>斜体</h3><p>以* 或_ 括住需要改变字体的文段，例如：</p>\n<p><em>这是我要改变的斜体1</em>，                 _这是我要改变的斜体二_。</p>\n<h3 id=\"加粗\"><a href=\"#加粗\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"加粗\"></a>加粗</h3><p>以** 或_ _括住的字体就是加粗字体，例如：</p>\n<p><strong>加粗字体1</strong>，__加粗字体二__。</p>\n<h3 id=\"删除线\"><a href=\"#删除线\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"删除线\"></a>删除线</h3><p>开头用~~,结尾也用，例如：</p>\n<p><del>这是错误文字</del></p>\n<h3 id=\"下划线\"><a href=\"#下划线\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"下划线\"></a>下划线</h3><p>使用HTML标签&lt; u &gt;和&lt; /u &gt;,中间没有空格，例如：</p>\n<p><u>这是下划线</u></p>\n<h3 id=\"高亮\"><a href=\"#高亮\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"高亮\"></a>高亮</h3><p>用==括住的内容就是高亮内容，需要自己在偏好设置里面打开这项功能，例如：</p>\n<p>==这是高亮内容==</p>\n<h1 id=\"代码\"><a href=\"#代码\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"代码\"></a>代码</h1><p>行内输入代码块快捷键：Ctrl+shift+K</p>\n<ul>\n<li>1.开头```+语言名，开启代码块，换行键</li>\n</ul>\n<figure class=\"highlight c++\"><table><tr><td class=\"gutter\"><pre><span class=\"line\">1</span><br><span class=\"line\">2</span><br><span class=\"line\">3</span><br><span class=\"line\">4</span><br><span class=\"line\">5</span><br><span class=\"line\">6</span><br><span class=\"line\">7</span><br></pre></td><td class=\"code\"><pre><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"meta\">#<span class=\"keyword\">include</span> <span class=\"string\">&lt;iostream&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"keyword\">using</span> <span class=\"keyword\">namespace</span> std;</span><br><span class=\"line\"></span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"function\"><span class=\"type\">int</span> <span class=\"title\">main</span><span class=\"params\">()</span></span></span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"function\"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\">    cout&lt;&lt;<span class=\"string\">&quot;这是一个测试文件&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>\n\n<ul>\n<li><p>2.用`包括起来的也是表示代码</p>\n<p><code>这也可以显示成代码</code></p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<h1 id=\"分割线\"><a href=\"#分割线\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"分割线\"></a>分割线</h1><p>输入···按换行建换行，即可绘制一条水平线,如</p>\n<p>···</p>\n<h1 id=\"超链接\"><a href=\"#超链接\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"超链接\"></a>超链接</h1><p>用[ ]括住要超链接的内容，然后后面用( )括住超链接的地址，如：</p>\n<p>[我的github]（<a href=\"https://github.com/stuBirdFly/stuBirdFly.github.io%EF%BC%89\">https://github.com/stuBirdFly/stuBirdFly.github.io）</a></p>\n<h1 id=\"URLs\"><a href=\"#URLs\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"URLs\"></a>URLs</h1><p>用&lt;&gt;括住url，可手动设置url，对于标准的urls会自动识别，如：</p>\n<p>&lt;<a href=\"http://www.baidu.com&gt;/\">www.baidu.com&gt;</a></p>\n<h1 id=\"图片\"><a href=\"#图片\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"图片\"></a>图片</h1><ul>\n<li><p>1.手动添加：和添加超链接方式区别不大，前面加一个感叹号！。如</p>\n<p><img src=\"%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87%E5%9C%B0%E5%9D%80\" alt=\"图片名称\"></p>\n</li>\n<li><p>2.直接拖曳进来，自动生成链接。</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<h1 id=\"Typora图床设置\"><a href=\"#Typora图床设置\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"Typora图床设置\"></a>Typora图床设置</h1><p>进入Typora偏好设置,点击图像，<strong>这里注意：Typora的版本必须在0.9.86以上</strong>才可以在Typora中集成图床。设置如下图所示：</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://s2.loli.net/2022/05/26/ECM8DWwkJxBuf4X.png\" alt=\"设置图片\"></p>\n<p>下载更新完以后打开配置文件，按下图格式修改：</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://s2.loli.net/2022/05/26/IqFP4u9bdBUZfTr.png\" alt=\"配置文件修改\"></p>\n<p><strong>注意：”smms”后有个逗号。</strong></p>\n<p>如果没有图床账号，可以去<a href=\"http://www.sm.ms去注册一个账号,然后生成一个token!/\">www.sm.ms去注册一个账号，然后生成一个Token！</a></p>\n<p>最后再回到设置页面，左下角验证图片上传选项，提示成功上传图片即可。如果失败检查配置文件。</p>\n"},{"title":"类模板","date":"2022-05-27T07:48:27.000Z","_content":"\n# 类模板的概念\n\n类模板是用来生成类的模板，在编译阶段，编译器会根据类模板的使用情况创建出**仅部分成员数据类型，和部分成员函数的参数类型不同**，其他完全相同的若干类。\n\n\n\n# 类模板的使用\n\n**注意：类模板的定义和声明放在同一个头文件中，而不要单独把定义放在一个.cpp文件中，这样会导致连接错误。\n\n## 类模板的声明\n\n```c++\ntemplate<typename T,...>\nclass 类名\n{\n    成员\n};\n```\n\n如：\n\n```c++\ntemplate<typename T, typename N>\nclass MyArray\n{\n\nprivate:\n\tT data[20];//用T表示一个大小为20的数组\n\tN n;\n\tint len;\npublic:\n\t//构造函数\n\tMyArray(N n);\n\t//访问类的private成员\n\tT indexof(int index);\n\tvoid addValue(T value);\n\tN getPara();\n\n};\n\ntemplate<typename T, typename N>\nMyArray<T,N>::MyArray(N num)\n{\n\tthis->len = 0;\n\tthis->n = num;\n};\n\ntemplate<typename T, typename N>\nT MyArray<T, N>::indexof(int index)\n{\n\treturn this->data[index];\n};\n\ntemplate<typename T, typename N>\nN MyArray<T, N>::getPara() \n{\n\treturn this->n;\n};\n\ntemplate<typename T, typename N>\nvoid MyArray<T, N>::addValue(T value)\n{\n\tthis->data[len] = value;\n\tlen++;\n};\n```\n\n\n\n# 类模板的特化与偏特化\n\n类模板的特化是指在实例化类模板的时候，对特定类型的泛型进行特殊的处理。  \n\n特化与偏特化的区别在于：**特化会指定所有的泛型，偏特化只指定部分泛型。**\n\n格式：\n\n```c++\ntemplate<指定类型（如：int）,typename T,...不需特化的泛型...>\nclass 类名<指定类型，...，不需特化的泛型名>\n{\n  类成员  \n};\n```\n\n例如：\n\n```c++\n//偏特化注意与之前的类模板参数数量保持一致\ntemplate<typename T>\nclass MyArray<char,T>\n{\npublic:\n\tMyArray();\n\n};\n\ntemplate<typename T>\nMyArray<char, T>::MyArray() \n{\n\tcout << \"类模板的偏特化\" << endl;\n};\n\n```\n\n","source":"_posts/类模板.md","raw":"---\ntitle: 类模板\ndate: 2022-05-27 15:48:27\ncategories:\n- c++\n---\n\n# 类模板的概念\n\n类模板是用来生成类的模板，在编译阶段，编译器会根据类模板的使用情况创建出**仅部分成员数据类型，和部分成员函数的参数类型不同**，其他完全相同的若干类。\n\n\n\n# 类模板的使用\n\n**注意：类模板的定义和声明放在同一个头文件中，而不要单独把定义放在一个.cpp文件中，这样会导致连接错误。\n\n## 类模板的声明\n\n```c++\ntemplate<typename T,...>\nclass 类名\n{\n    成员\n};\n```\n\n如：\n\n```c++\ntemplate<typename T, typename N>\nclass MyArray\n{\n\nprivate:\n\tT data[20];//用T表示一个大小为20的数组\n\tN n;\n\tint len;\npublic:\n\t//构造函数\n\tMyArray(N n);\n\t//访问类的private成员\n\tT indexof(int index);\n\tvoid addValue(T value);\n\tN getPara();\n\n};\n\ntemplate<typename T, typename N>\nMyArray<T,N>::MyArray(N num)\n{\n\tthis->len = 0;\n\tthis->n = num;\n};\n\ntemplate<typename T, typename N>\nT MyArray<T, N>::indexof(int index)\n{\n\treturn this->data[index];\n};\n\ntemplate<typename T, typename N>\nN MyArray<T, N>::getPara() \n{\n\treturn this->n;\n};\n\ntemplate<typename T, typename N>\nvoid MyArray<T, N>::addValue(T value)\n{\n\tthis->data[len] = value;\n\tlen++;\n};\n```\n\n\n\n# 类模板的特化与偏特化\n\n类模板的特化是指在实例化类模板的时候，对特定类型的泛型进行特殊的处理。  \n\n特化与偏特化的区别在于：**特化会指定所有的泛型，偏特化只指定部分泛型。**\n\n格式：\n\n```c++\ntemplate<指定类型（如：int）,typename T,...不需特化的泛型...>\nclass 类名<指定类型，...，不需特化的泛型名>\n{\n  类成员  \n};\n```\n\n例如：\n\n```c++\n//偏特化注意与之前的类模板参数数量保持一致\ntemplate<typename T>\nclass MyArray<char,T>\n{\npublic:\n\tMyArray();\n\n};\n\ntemplate<typename T>\nMyArray<char, T>::MyArray() \n{\n\tcout << \"类模板的偏特化\" << endl;\n};\n\n```\n\n","slug":"类模板","published":1,"updated":"2022-05-27T11:01:57.881Z","comments":1,"layout":"post","photos":[],"link":"","_id":"cl42mhu3y0005r8vlaptd88es","content":"<h1 id=\"类模板的概念\"><a href=\"#类模板的概念\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"类模板的概念\"></a>类模板的概念</h1><p>类模板是用来生成类的模板，在编译阶段，编译器会根据类模板的使用情况创建出<strong>仅部分成员数据类型，和部分成员函数的参数类型不同</strong>，其他完全相同的若干类。</p>\n<h1 id=\"类模板的使用\"><a href=\"#类模板的使用\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"类模板的使用\"></a>类模板的使用</h1><p>**注意：类模板的定义和声明放在同一个头文件中，而不要单独把定义放在一个.cpp文件中，这样会导致连接错误。</p>\n<h2 id=\"类模板的声明\"><a href=\"#类模板的声明\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"类模板的声明\"></a>类模板的声明</h2><figure class=\"highlight c++\"><table><tr><td class=\"gutter\"><pre><span class=\"line\">1</span><br><span class=\"line\">2</span><br><span class=\"line\">3</span><br><span class=\"line\">4</span><br><span class=\"line\">5</span><br></pre></td><td class=\"code\"><pre><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"keyword\">template</span>&lt;<span class=\"keyword\">typename</span> T,...&gt;</span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"keyword\">class</span> 类名</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\">    成员</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>\n\n<p>如：</p>\n<figure class=\"highlight c++\"><table><tr><td class=\"gutter\"><pre><span class=\"line\">1</span><br><span class=\"line\">2</span><br><span class=\"line\">3</span><br><span class=\"line\">4</span><br><span class=\"line\">5</span><br><span class=\"line\">6</span><br><span class=\"line\">7</span><br><span class=\"line\">8</span><br><span class=\"line\">9</span><br><span class=\"line\">10</span><br><span class=\"line\">11</span><br><span class=\"line\">12</span><br><span class=\"line\">13</span><br><span class=\"line\">14</span><br><span class=\"line\">15</span><br><span class=\"line\">16</span><br><span class=\"line\">17</span><br><span class=\"line\">18</span><br><span class=\"line\">19</span><br><span class=\"line\">20</span><br><span class=\"line\">21</span><br><span class=\"line\">22</span><br><span class=\"line\">23</span><br><span class=\"line\">24</span><br><span class=\"line\">25</span><br><span class=\"line\">26</span><br><span class=\"line\">27</span><br><span class=\"line\">28</span><br><span class=\"line\">29</span><br><span class=\"line\">30</span><br><span class=\"line\">31</span><br><span class=\"line\">32</span><br><span class=\"line\">33</span><br><span class=\"line\">34</span><br><span class=\"line\">35</span><br><span class=\"line\">36</span><br><span class=\"line\">37</span><br><span class=\"line\">38</span><br><span class=\"line\">39</span><br><span class=\"line\">40</span><br><span class=\"line\">41</span><br><span class=\"line\">42</span><br><span class=\"line\">43</span><br></pre></td><td class=\"code\"><pre><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"keyword\">template</span>&lt;<span class=\"keyword\">typename</span> T, <span class=\"keyword\">typename</span> N&gt;</span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"title class_\">MyArray</span></span><br><span class=\"line\">&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\"></span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"keyword\">private</span>:</span><br><span class=\"line\">\tT data[<span class=\"number\">20</span>];<span class=\"comment\">//用T表示一个大小为20的数组</span></span><br><span class=\"line\">\tN n;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"type\">int</span> len;</span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"keyword\">public</span>:</span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"comment\">//构造函数</span></span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"built_in\">MyArray</span>(N n);</span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"comment\">//访问类的private成员</span></span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"function\">T <span class=\"title\">indexof</span><span class=\"params\">(<span class=\"type\">int</span> index)</span></span>;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"function\"><span class=\"type\">void</span> <span class=\"title\">addValue</span><span class=\"params\">(T value)</span></span>;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"function\">N <span class=\"title\">getPara</span><span class=\"params\">()</span></span>;</span><br><span class=\"line\"></span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;;</span><br><span class=\"line\"></span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"keyword\">template</span>&lt;<span class=\"keyword\">typename</span> T, <span class=\"keyword\">typename</span> N&gt;</span><br><span class=\"line\">MyArray&lt;T,N&gt;::<span class=\"built_in\">MyArray</span>(N num)</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"keyword\">this</span>-&gt;len = <span class=\"number\">0</span>;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"keyword\">this</span>-&gt;n = num;</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;;</span><br><span class=\"line\"></span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"keyword\">template</span>&lt;<span class=\"keyword\">typename</span> T, <span class=\"keyword\">typename</span> N&gt;</span><br><span class=\"line\">T MyArray&lt;T, N&gt;::<span class=\"built_in\">indexof</span>(<span class=\"type\">int</span> index)</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"keyword\">this</span>-&gt;data[index];</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;;</span><br><span class=\"line\"></span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"keyword\">template</span>&lt;<span class=\"keyword\">typename</span> T, <span class=\"keyword\">typename</span> N&gt;</span><br><span class=\"line\">N MyArray&lt;T, N&gt;::<span class=\"built_in\">getPara</span>() </span><br><span class=\"line\">&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"keyword\">this</span>-&gt;n;</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;;</span><br><span class=\"line\"></span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"keyword\">template</span>&lt;<span class=\"keyword\">typename</span> T, <span class=\"keyword\">typename</span> N&gt;</span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"type\">void</span> MyArray&lt;T, N&gt;::<span class=\"built_in\">addValue</span>(T value)</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"keyword\">this</span>-&gt;data[len] = value;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\tlen++;</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>\n\n\n\n<h1 id=\"类模板的特化与偏特化\"><a href=\"#类模板的特化与偏特化\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"类模板的特化与偏特化\"></a>类模板的特化与偏特化</h1><p>类模板的特化是指在实例化类模板的时候，对特定类型的泛型进行特殊的处理。  </p>\n<p>特化与偏特化的区别在于：<strong>特化会指定所有的泛型，偏特化只指定部分泛型。</strong></p>\n<p>格式：</p>\n<figure class=\"highlight c++\"><table><tr><td class=\"gutter\"><pre><span class=\"line\">1</span><br><span class=\"line\">2</span><br><span class=\"line\">3</span><br><span class=\"line\">4</span><br><span class=\"line\">5</span><br></pre></td><td class=\"code\"><pre><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"keyword\">template</span>&lt;指定类型（如：<span class=\"type\">int</span>）,<span class=\"keyword\">typename</span> T,...不需特化的泛型...&gt;</span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"keyword\">class</span> 类名&lt;指定类型，...，不需特化的泛型名&gt;</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\">  类成员  </span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>\n\n<p>例如：</p>\n<figure class=\"highlight c++\"><table><tr><td class=\"gutter\"><pre><span class=\"line\">1</span><br><span class=\"line\">2</span><br><span class=\"line\">3</span><br><span class=\"line\">4</span><br><span class=\"line\">5</span><br><span class=\"line\">6</span><br><span class=\"line\">7</span><br><span class=\"line\">8</span><br><span class=\"line\">9</span><br><span class=\"line\">10</span><br><span class=\"line\">11</span><br><span class=\"line\">12</span><br><span class=\"line\">13</span><br><span class=\"line\">14</span><br><span class=\"line\">15</span><br></pre></td><td class=\"code\"><pre><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"comment\">//偏特化注意与之前的类模板参数数量保持一致</span></span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"keyword\">template</span>&lt;<span class=\"keyword\">typename</span> T&gt;</span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"title class_\">MyArray</span>&lt;<span class=\"type\">char</span>,T&gt;</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"keyword\">public</span>:</span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"built_in\">MyArray</span>();</span><br><span class=\"line\"></span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;;</span><br><span class=\"line\"></span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"keyword\">template</span>&lt;<span class=\"keyword\">typename</span> T&gt;</span><br><span class=\"line\">MyArray&lt;<span class=\"type\">char</span>, T&gt;::<span class=\"built_in\">MyArray</span>() </span><br><span class=\"line\">&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\tcout &lt;&lt; <span class=\"string\">&quot;类模板的偏特化&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; endl;</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;;</span><br><span class=\"line\"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>\n\n","site":{"data":{}},"excerpt":"","more":"<h1 id=\"类模板的概念\"><a href=\"#类模板的概念\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"类模板的概念\"></a>类模板的概念</h1><p>类模板是用来生成类的模板，在编译阶段，编译器会根据类模板的使用情况创建出<strong>仅部分成员数据类型，和部分成员函数的参数类型不同</strong>，其他完全相同的若干类。</p>\n<h1 id=\"类模板的使用\"><a href=\"#类模板的使用\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"类模板的使用\"></a>类模板的使用</h1><p>**注意：类模板的定义和声明放在同一个头文件中，而不要单独把定义放在一个.cpp文件中，这样会导致连接错误。</p>\n<h2 id=\"类模板的声明\"><a href=\"#类模板的声明\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"类模板的声明\"></a>类模板的声明</h2><figure class=\"highlight c++\"><table><tr><td class=\"gutter\"><pre><span class=\"line\">1</span><br><span class=\"line\">2</span><br><span class=\"line\">3</span><br><span class=\"line\">4</span><br><span class=\"line\">5</span><br></pre></td><td class=\"code\"><pre><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"keyword\">template</span>&lt;<span class=\"keyword\">typename</span> T,...&gt;</span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"keyword\">class</span> 类名</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\">    成员</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>\n\n<p>如：</p>\n<figure class=\"highlight c++\"><table><tr><td class=\"gutter\"><pre><span class=\"line\">1</span><br><span class=\"line\">2</span><br><span class=\"line\">3</span><br><span class=\"line\">4</span><br><span class=\"line\">5</span><br><span class=\"line\">6</span><br><span class=\"line\">7</span><br><span class=\"line\">8</span><br><span class=\"line\">9</span><br><span class=\"line\">10</span><br><span class=\"line\">11</span><br><span class=\"line\">12</span><br><span class=\"line\">13</span><br><span class=\"line\">14</span><br><span class=\"line\">15</span><br><span class=\"line\">16</span><br><span class=\"line\">17</span><br><span class=\"line\">18</span><br><span class=\"line\">19</span><br><span class=\"line\">20</span><br><span class=\"line\">21</span><br><span class=\"line\">22</span><br><span class=\"line\">23</span><br><span class=\"line\">24</span><br><span class=\"line\">25</span><br><span class=\"line\">26</span><br><span class=\"line\">27</span><br><span class=\"line\">28</span><br><span class=\"line\">29</span><br><span class=\"line\">30</span><br><span class=\"line\">31</span><br><span class=\"line\">32</span><br><span class=\"line\">33</span><br><span class=\"line\">34</span><br><span class=\"line\">35</span><br><span class=\"line\">36</span><br><span class=\"line\">37</span><br><span class=\"line\">38</span><br><span class=\"line\">39</span><br><span class=\"line\">40</span><br><span class=\"line\">41</span><br><span class=\"line\">42</span><br><span class=\"line\">43</span><br></pre></td><td class=\"code\"><pre><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"keyword\">template</span>&lt;<span class=\"keyword\">typename</span> T, <span class=\"keyword\">typename</span> N&gt;</span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"title class_\">MyArray</span></span><br><span class=\"line\">&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\"></span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"keyword\">private</span>:</span><br><span class=\"line\">\tT data[<span class=\"number\">20</span>];<span class=\"comment\">//用T表示一个大小为20的数组</span></span><br><span class=\"line\">\tN n;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"type\">int</span> len;</span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"keyword\">public</span>:</span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"comment\">//构造函数</span></span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"built_in\">MyArray</span>(N n);</span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"comment\">//访问类的private成员</span></span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"function\">T <span class=\"title\">indexof</span><span class=\"params\">(<span class=\"type\">int</span> index)</span></span>;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"function\"><span class=\"type\">void</span> <span class=\"title\">addValue</span><span class=\"params\">(T value)</span></span>;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"function\">N <span class=\"title\">getPara</span><span class=\"params\">()</span></span>;</span><br><span class=\"line\"></span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;;</span><br><span class=\"line\"></span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"keyword\">template</span>&lt;<span class=\"keyword\">typename</span> T, <span class=\"keyword\">typename</span> N&gt;</span><br><span class=\"line\">MyArray&lt;T,N&gt;::<span class=\"built_in\">MyArray</span>(N num)</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"keyword\">this</span>-&gt;len = <span class=\"number\">0</span>;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"keyword\">this</span>-&gt;n = num;</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;;</span><br><span class=\"line\"></span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"keyword\">template</span>&lt;<span class=\"keyword\">typename</span> T, <span class=\"keyword\">typename</span> N&gt;</span><br><span class=\"line\">T MyArray&lt;T, N&gt;::<span class=\"built_in\">indexof</span>(<span class=\"type\">int</span> index)</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"keyword\">this</span>-&gt;data[index];</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;;</span><br><span class=\"line\"></span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"keyword\">template</span>&lt;<span class=\"keyword\">typename</span> T, <span class=\"keyword\">typename</span> N&gt;</span><br><span class=\"line\">N MyArray&lt;T, N&gt;::<span class=\"built_in\">getPara</span>() </span><br><span class=\"line\">&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"keyword\">this</span>-&gt;n;</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;;</span><br><span class=\"line\"></span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"keyword\">template</span>&lt;<span class=\"keyword\">typename</span> T, <span class=\"keyword\">typename</span> N&gt;</span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"type\">void</span> MyArray&lt;T, N&gt;::<span class=\"built_in\">addValue</span>(T value)</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"keyword\">this</span>-&gt;data[len] = value;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\tlen++;</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>\n\n\n\n<h1 id=\"类模板的特化与偏特化\"><a href=\"#类模板的特化与偏特化\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"类模板的特化与偏特化\"></a>类模板的特化与偏特化</h1><p>类模板的特化是指在实例化类模板的时候，对特定类型的泛型进行特殊的处理。  </p>\n<p>特化与偏特化的区别在于：<strong>特化会指定所有的泛型，偏特化只指定部分泛型。</strong></p>\n<p>格式：</p>\n<figure class=\"highlight c++\"><table><tr><td class=\"gutter\"><pre><span class=\"line\">1</span><br><span class=\"line\">2</span><br><span class=\"line\">3</span><br><span class=\"line\">4</span><br><span class=\"line\">5</span><br></pre></td><td class=\"code\"><pre><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"keyword\">template</span>&lt;指定类型（如：<span class=\"type\">int</span>）,<span class=\"keyword\">typename</span> T,...不需特化的泛型...&gt;</span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"keyword\">class</span> 类名&lt;指定类型，...，不需特化的泛型名&gt;</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\">  类成员  </span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>\n\n<p>例如：</p>\n<figure class=\"highlight c++\"><table><tr><td class=\"gutter\"><pre><span class=\"line\">1</span><br><span class=\"line\">2</span><br><span class=\"line\">3</span><br><span class=\"line\">4</span><br><span class=\"line\">5</span><br><span class=\"line\">6</span><br><span class=\"line\">7</span><br><span class=\"line\">8</span><br><span class=\"line\">9</span><br><span class=\"line\">10</span><br><span class=\"line\">11</span><br><span class=\"line\">12</span><br><span class=\"line\">13</span><br><span class=\"line\">14</span><br><span class=\"line\">15</span><br></pre></td><td class=\"code\"><pre><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"comment\">//偏特化注意与之前的类模板参数数量保持一致</span></span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"keyword\">template</span>&lt;<span class=\"keyword\">typename</span> T&gt;</span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"title class_\">MyArray</span>&lt;<span class=\"type\">char</span>,T&gt;</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"keyword\">public</span>:</span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"built_in\">MyArray</span>();</span><br><span class=\"line\"></span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;;</span><br><span class=\"line\"></span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"keyword\">template</span>&lt;<span class=\"keyword\">typename</span> T&gt;</span><br><span class=\"line\">MyArray&lt;<span class=\"type\">char</span>, T&gt;::<span class=\"built_in\">MyArray</span>() </span><br><span class=\"line\">&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\tcout &lt;&lt; <span class=\"string\">&quot;类模板的偏特化&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; endl;</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;;</span><br><span class=\"line\"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>\n\n"},{"title":"c++花括号","date":"2022-06-06T10:42:45.000Z","_content":"\n​\t今天看代码的时候，发现有些地方的if判断删除了，但是花括号没有删除，不知道会不会影响到里面代码的执行，如：\n\n```c++\nclass Dog\n{\npublic:\n    Dog();\n    ~Dog();\n};\n\nDog::Dog()\n{\n    cout<<\"生成一条狗\"<<endl;\n}\n\nDog::~Dog()\n{\n    cout<<\"毁灭一条狗\"<<endl;\n}\n\nint main(int argc, char *args[])\n{\n    cout<<\"hello world\"<<endl;\n    // if(a==b)\n    {\n    \tDog d; \n\t}\n    cout<<\"hello run last\"<<endl;\n}\n  \n```\n\n运行结果如下：\n\n![image-20220606185543769](https://s2.loli.net/2022/06/06/iMdg6eamBAtH43C.png)\n\n再去掉花括号：\n\n```c++\nclass Dog\n{\npublic:\n    Dog();\n    ~Dog();\n};\n\nDog::Dog()\n{\n    cout<<\"生成一条狗\"<<endl;\n}\n\nDog::~Dog()\n{\n    cout<<\"毁灭一条狗\"<<endl;\n}\n\nint main(int argc, char *args[])\n{\n    cout<<\"hello world\"<<endl;\n    // if(a==b)\n    \n    Dog d; \n\t\n    cout<<\"hello run last\"<<endl;\n}\n```\n\n运行结果如下：\n\n![image-20220606185649437](https://s2.loli.net/2022/06/06/JEX2ROs3zHWnuwM.png)\n\n## 结论\n\n​\t花括号内的代码是一定会执行的，但是在括号内创建的对象，会在执行完括号内的代码后进行析构。\n","source":"_posts/c-花括号.md","raw":"---\ntitle: c++花括号\ndate: 2022-06-06 18:42:45\ncategories:\n- c++\n---\n\n​\t今天看代码的时候，发现有些地方的if判断删除了，但是花括号没有删除，不知道会不会影响到里面代码的执行，如：\n\n```c++\nclass Dog\n{\npublic:\n    Dog();\n    ~Dog();\n};\n\nDog::Dog()\n{\n    cout<<\"生成一条狗\"<<endl;\n}\n\nDog::~Dog()\n{\n    cout<<\"毁灭一条狗\"<<endl;\n}\n\nint main(int argc, char *args[])\n{\n    cout<<\"hello world\"<<endl;\n    // if(a==b)\n    {\n    \tDog d; \n\t}\n    cout<<\"hello run last\"<<endl;\n}\n  \n```\n\n运行结果如下：\n\n![image-20220606185543769](https://s2.loli.net/2022/06/06/iMdg6eamBAtH43C.png)\n\n再去掉花括号：\n\n```c++\nclass Dog\n{\npublic:\n    Dog();\n    ~Dog();\n};\n\nDog::Dog()\n{\n    cout<<\"生成一条狗\"<<endl;\n}\n\nDog::~Dog()\n{\n    cout<<\"毁灭一条狗\"<<endl;\n}\n\nint main(int argc, char *args[])\n{\n    cout<<\"hello world\"<<endl;\n    // if(a==b)\n    \n    Dog d; \n\t\n    cout<<\"hello run last\"<<endl;\n}\n```\n\n运行结果如下：\n\n![image-20220606185649437](https://s2.loli.net/2022/06/06/JEX2ROs3zHWnuwM.png)\n\n## 结论\n\n​\t花括号内的代码是一定会执行的，但是在括号内创建的对象，会在执行完括号内的代码后进行析构。\n","slug":"c-花括号","published":1,"updated":"2022-06-06T10:59:11.658Z","comments":1,"layout":"post","photos":[],"link":"","_id":"cl42mhu3z0006r8vl2gsdhhrd","content":"<p>​    今天看代码的时候，发现有些地方的if判断删除了，但是花括号没有删除，不知道会不会影响到里面代码的执行，如：</p>\n<figure class=\"highlight c++\"><table><tr><td class=\"gutter\"><pre><span class=\"line\">1</span><br><span class=\"line\">2</span><br><span class=\"line\">3</span><br><span class=\"line\">4</span><br><span class=\"line\">5</span><br><span class=\"line\">6</span><br><span class=\"line\">7</span><br><span class=\"line\">8</span><br><span class=\"line\">9</span><br><span class=\"line\">10</span><br><span class=\"line\">11</span><br><span class=\"line\">12</span><br><span class=\"line\">13</span><br><span class=\"line\">14</span><br><span class=\"line\">15</span><br><span class=\"line\">16</span><br><span class=\"line\">17</span><br><span class=\"line\">18</span><br><span class=\"line\">19</span><br><span class=\"line\">20</span><br><span class=\"line\">21</span><br><span class=\"line\">22</span><br><span class=\"line\">23</span><br><span class=\"line\">24</span><br><span class=\"line\">25</span><br><span class=\"line\">26</span><br><span class=\"line\">27</span><br></pre></td><td class=\"code\"><pre><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"title class_\">Dog</span></span><br><span class=\"line\">&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"keyword\">public</span>:</span><br><span class=\"line\">    <span class=\"built_in\">Dog</span>();</span><br><span class=\"line\">    ~<span class=\"built_in\">Dog</span>();</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;;</span><br><span class=\"line\"></span><br><span class=\"line\">Dog::<span class=\"built_in\">Dog</span>()</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\">    cout&lt;&lt;<span class=\"string\">&quot;生成一条狗&quot;</span>&lt;&lt;endl;</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;</span><br><span class=\"line\"></span><br><span class=\"line\">Dog::~<span class=\"built_in\">Dog</span>()</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\">    cout&lt;&lt;<span class=\"string\">&quot;毁灭一条狗&quot;</span>&lt;&lt;endl;</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;</span><br><span class=\"line\"></span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"function\"><span class=\"type\">int</span> <span class=\"title\">main</span><span class=\"params\">(<span class=\"type\">int</span> argc, <span class=\"type\">char</span> *args[])</span></span></span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"function\"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\">    cout&lt;&lt;<span class=\"string\">&quot;hello world&quot;</span>&lt;&lt;endl;</span><br><span class=\"line\">    <span class=\"comment\">// if(a==b)</span></span><br><span class=\"line\">    &#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\">    \tDog d; </span><br><span class=\"line\">\t&#125;</span><br><span class=\"line\">    cout&lt;&lt;<span class=\"string\">&quot;hello run last&quot;</span>&lt;&lt;endl;</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;</span><br><span class=\"line\">  </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>\n\n<p>运行结果如下：</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://s2.loli.net/2022/06/06/iMdg6eamBAtH43C.png\" alt=\"image-20220606185543769\"></p>\n<p>再去掉花括号：</p>\n<figure class=\"highlight c++\"><table><tr><td class=\"gutter\"><pre><span class=\"line\">1</span><br><span class=\"line\">2</span><br><span class=\"line\">3</span><br><span class=\"line\">4</span><br><span class=\"line\">5</span><br><span class=\"line\">6</span><br><span class=\"line\">7</span><br><span class=\"line\">8</span><br><span class=\"line\">9</span><br><span class=\"line\">10</span><br><span class=\"line\">11</span><br><span class=\"line\">12</span><br><span class=\"line\">13</span><br><span class=\"line\">14</span><br><span class=\"line\">15</span><br><span class=\"line\">16</span><br><span class=\"line\">17</span><br><span class=\"line\">18</span><br><span class=\"line\">19</span><br><span class=\"line\">20</span><br><span class=\"line\">21</span><br><span class=\"line\">22</span><br><span class=\"line\">23</span><br><span class=\"line\">24</span><br><span class=\"line\">25</span><br><span class=\"line\">26</span><br></pre></td><td class=\"code\"><pre><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"title class_\">Dog</span></span><br><span class=\"line\">&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"keyword\">public</span>:</span><br><span class=\"line\">    <span class=\"built_in\">Dog</span>();</span><br><span class=\"line\">    ~<span class=\"built_in\">Dog</span>();</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;;</span><br><span class=\"line\"></span><br><span class=\"line\">Dog::<span class=\"built_in\">Dog</span>()</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\">    cout&lt;&lt;<span class=\"string\">&quot;生成一条狗&quot;</span>&lt;&lt;endl;</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;</span><br><span class=\"line\"></span><br><span class=\"line\">Dog::~<span class=\"built_in\">Dog</span>()</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\">    cout&lt;&lt;<span class=\"string\">&quot;毁灭一条狗&quot;</span>&lt;&lt;endl;</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;</span><br><span class=\"line\"></span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"function\"><span class=\"type\">int</span> <span class=\"title\">main</span><span class=\"params\">(<span class=\"type\">int</span> argc, <span class=\"type\">char</span> *args[])</span></span></span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"function\"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\">    cout&lt;&lt;<span class=\"string\">&quot;hello world&quot;</span>&lt;&lt;endl;</span><br><span class=\"line\">    <span class=\"comment\">// if(a==b)</span></span><br><span class=\"line\">    </span><br><span class=\"line\">    Dog d; </span><br><span class=\"line\">\t</span><br><span class=\"line\">    cout&lt;&lt;<span class=\"string\">&quot;hello run last&quot;</span>&lt;&lt;endl;</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>\n\n<p>运行结果如下：</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://s2.loli.net/2022/06/06/JEX2ROs3zHWnuwM.png\" alt=\"image-20220606185649437\"></p>\n<h2 id=\"结论\"><a href=\"#结论\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"结论\"></a>结论</h2><p>​    花括号内的代码是一定会执行的，但是在括号内创建的对象，会在执行完括号内的代码后进行析构。</p>\n","site":{"data":{}},"excerpt":"","more":"<p>​    今天看代码的时候，发现有些地方的if判断删除了，但是花括号没有删除，不知道会不会影响到里面代码的执行，如：</p>\n<figure class=\"highlight c++\"><table><tr><td class=\"gutter\"><pre><span class=\"line\">1</span><br><span class=\"line\">2</span><br><span class=\"line\">3</span><br><span class=\"line\">4</span><br><span class=\"line\">5</span><br><span class=\"line\">6</span><br><span class=\"line\">7</span><br><span class=\"line\">8</span><br><span class=\"line\">9</span><br><span class=\"line\">10</span><br><span class=\"line\">11</span><br><span class=\"line\">12</span><br><span class=\"line\">13</span><br><span class=\"line\">14</span><br><span class=\"line\">15</span><br><span class=\"line\">16</span><br><span class=\"line\">17</span><br><span class=\"line\">18</span><br><span class=\"line\">19</span><br><span class=\"line\">20</span><br><span class=\"line\">21</span><br><span class=\"line\">22</span><br><span class=\"line\">23</span><br><span class=\"line\">24</span><br><span class=\"line\">25</span><br><span class=\"line\">26</span><br><span class=\"line\">27</span><br></pre></td><td class=\"code\"><pre><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"title class_\">Dog</span></span><br><span class=\"line\">&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"keyword\">public</span>:</span><br><span class=\"line\">    <span class=\"built_in\">Dog</span>();</span><br><span class=\"line\">    ~<span class=\"built_in\">Dog</span>();</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;;</span><br><span class=\"line\"></span><br><span class=\"line\">Dog::<span class=\"built_in\">Dog</span>()</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\">    cout&lt;&lt;<span class=\"string\">&quot;生成一条狗&quot;</span>&lt;&lt;endl;</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;</span><br><span class=\"line\"></span><br><span class=\"line\">Dog::~<span class=\"built_in\">Dog</span>()</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\">    cout&lt;&lt;<span class=\"string\">&quot;毁灭一条狗&quot;</span>&lt;&lt;endl;</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;</span><br><span class=\"line\"></span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"function\"><span class=\"type\">int</span> <span class=\"title\">main</span><span class=\"params\">(<span class=\"type\">int</span> argc, <span class=\"type\">char</span> *args[])</span></span></span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"function\"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\">    cout&lt;&lt;<span class=\"string\">&quot;hello world&quot;</span>&lt;&lt;endl;</span><br><span class=\"line\">    <span class=\"comment\">// if(a==b)</span></span><br><span class=\"line\">    &#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\">    \tDog d; </span><br><span class=\"line\">\t&#125;</span><br><span class=\"line\">    cout&lt;&lt;<span class=\"string\">&quot;hello run last&quot;</span>&lt;&lt;endl;</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;</span><br><span class=\"line\">  </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>\n\n<p>运行结果如下：</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://s2.loli.net/2022/06/06/iMdg6eamBAtH43C.png\" alt=\"image-20220606185543769\"></p>\n<p>再去掉花括号：</p>\n<figure class=\"highlight c++\"><table><tr><td class=\"gutter\"><pre><span class=\"line\">1</span><br><span class=\"line\">2</span><br><span class=\"line\">3</span><br><span class=\"line\">4</span><br><span class=\"line\">5</span><br><span class=\"line\">6</span><br><span class=\"line\">7</span><br><span class=\"line\">8</span><br><span class=\"line\">9</span><br><span class=\"line\">10</span><br><span class=\"line\">11</span><br><span class=\"line\">12</span><br><span class=\"line\">13</span><br><span class=\"line\">14</span><br><span class=\"line\">15</span><br><span class=\"line\">16</span><br><span class=\"line\">17</span><br><span class=\"line\">18</span><br><span class=\"line\">19</span><br><span class=\"line\">20</span><br><span class=\"line\">21</span><br><span class=\"line\">22</span><br><span class=\"line\">23</span><br><span class=\"line\">24</span><br><span class=\"line\">25</span><br><span class=\"line\">26</span><br></pre></td><td class=\"code\"><pre><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"title class_\">Dog</span></span><br><span class=\"line\">&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"keyword\">public</span>:</span><br><span class=\"line\">    <span class=\"built_in\">Dog</span>();</span><br><span class=\"line\">    ~<span class=\"built_in\">Dog</span>();</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;;</span><br><span class=\"line\"></span><br><span class=\"line\">Dog::<span class=\"built_in\">Dog</span>()</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\">    cout&lt;&lt;<span class=\"string\">&quot;生成一条狗&quot;</span>&lt;&lt;endl;</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;</span><br><span class=\"line\"></span><br><span class=\"line\">Dog::~<span class=\"built_in\">Dog</span>()</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\">    cout&lt;&lt;<span class=\"string\">&quot;毁灭一条狗&quot;</span>&lt;&lt;endl;</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;</span><br><span class=\"line\"></span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"function\"><span class=\"type\">int</span> <span class=\"title\">main</span><span class=\"params\">(<span class=\"type\">int</span> argc, <span class=\"type\">char</span> *args[])</span></span></span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"function\"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\">    cout&lt;&lt;<span class=\"string\">&quot;hello world&quot;</span>&lt;&lt;endl;</span><br><span class=\"line\">    <span class=\"comment\">// if(a==b)</span></span><br><span class=\"line\">    </span><br><span class=\"line\">    Dog d; </span><br><span class=\"line\">\t</span><br><span class=\"line\">    cout&lt;&lt;<span class=\"string\">&quot;hello run last&quot;</span>&lt;&lt;endl;</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>\n\n<p>运行结果如下：</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://s2.loli.net/2022/06/06/JEX2ROs3zHWnuwM.png\" alt=\"image-20220606185649437\"></p>\n<h2 id=\"结论\"><a href=\"#结论\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"结论\"></a>结论</h2><p>​    花括号内的代码是一定会执行的，但是在括号内创建的对象，会在执行完括号内的代码后进行析构。</p>\n"},{"title":"引用的一般用法","date":"2022-06-08T07:13:22.000Z","_content":"\n# 引用&的一般用法\n\n## 引用的基本语法\n\n数据类型  &别名 = 原名\n\n**可以给变量起别名**\n\n```c++\nint main(int argc, char *args[])\n{\n\tint a = 10;\n\tint &b = a;\n\tb = 20;\n\tcout << a;\n}\n```\n\n可以看到结果是20，b作为a的别名，改变b的值就会改变a的值。\n\n![image-20220608151529371](https://s2.loli.net/2022/06/08/sBYMJfPEuCmAFp9.png)\n\n\n\n## 引用的注意事项\n\n- 引用必须初始化\n\n  int &b;//**错误的**\n\n- 引用一旦初始化后，就不可以更改了\n\n  b作为a的别名以后，不能再作为其他变量的别名了\n\n\n\n## 引用做函数参数\n\n以交换函数来分别对比三种函数参数的结果。\n\n- 值传递\n\n```c++\nvoid swap(int a, int b) \n{\n\tint temp;\n\ttemp = a;\n\ta = b;\n\tb = temp;\n}\nint main(int argc, char *args[])\n{\n\tint a = 20;\n\tint b = 5;\n\t//值传递\n\tswap(a, b);\n\tcout << \"a=\" << a << endl;\n\tcout << \"b=\" << b << endl;\n}\n```\n\n结果如下：\n\n![image-20220608153445057](https://s2.loli.net/2022/06/08/fcaseoO13pBYqAn.png)\n\n可以看出，**当值作为函数参数传递时，形参的改变不会影响实参的改变**。\n\n- 地址传递\n\n```c++\nvoid swap(int *a, int *b) \n{\n\tint temp;\n\ttemp = *a;\n\t*a = *b;\n\t*b = temp;\n}\nint main(int argc, char *args[])\n{\n\tint a = 20;\n\tint b = 5;\n\t//值传递\n\tswap(&a, &b);\n\tcout << \"a=\" << a << endl;\n\tcout << \"b=\" << b << endl;\n}\n```\n\n结果如下：\n\n![image-20220608154414999](https://s2.loli.net/2022/06/08/MZHoDAgdaqRuf6C.png)\n\n**当形参是地址时，形参会修饰实参**。\n\n- 引用传递\n\n```c++\nvoid swap(int &a, int &b) \n{\n\tint temp;\n\ttemp = a;\n\ta = b;\n\tb = temp;\n}\nint main(int argc, char *args[])\n{\n\tint c = 20;\n\tint d = 5;\n\t//值传递\n\tswap(c, d);\n\tcout << \"c=\" << c << endl;\n\tcout << \"d=\" << d << endl;\n}\n```\n\n结果如下：\n\n![image-20220608154811190](https://s2.loli.net/2022/06/08/qasvkIju7ge8KWr.png)\n\n因为此时a作为c的引用，b作为d的引用，形参改变时也会引起实参的改变，因为此时a就是c，a只是c的一个别名而已，a一改变，c也会改变。\n\n#### 结论：当需要形参修饰实参的时候，用引用传递，当不需要形参修饰实参的时候，用值传递。\n","source":"_posts/引用.md","raw":"---\ntitle: 引用的一般用法\ndate: 2022-06-08 15:13:22\ncategories:\n- c++\n---\n\n# 引用&的一般用法\n\n## 引用的基本语法\n\n数据类型  &别名 = 原名\n\n**可以给变量起别名**\n\n```c++\nint main(int argc, char *args[])\n{\n\tint a = 10;\n\tint &b = a;\n\tb = 20;\n\tcout << a;\n}\n```\n\n可以看到结果是20，b作为a的别名，改变b的值就会改变a的值。\n\n![image-20220608151529371](https://s2.loli.net/2022/06/08/sBYMJfPEuCmAFp9.png)\n\n\n\n## 引用的注意事项\n\n- 引用必须初始化\n\n  int &b;//**错误的**\n\n- 引用一旦初始化后，就不可以更改了\n\n  b作为a的别名以后，不能再作为其他变量的别名了\n\n\n\n## 引用做函数参数\n\n以交换函数来分别对比三种函数参数的结果。\n\n- 值传递\n\n```c++\nvoid swap(int a, int b) \n{\n\tint temp;\n\ttemp = a;\n\ta = b;\n\tb = temp;\n}\nint main(int argc, char *args[])\n{\n\tint a = 20;\n\tint b = 5;\n\t//值传递\n\tswap(a, b);\n\tcout << \"a=\" << a << endl;\n\tcout << \"b=\" << b << endl;\n}\n```\n\n结果如下：\n\n![image-20220608153445057](https://s2.loli.net/2022/06/08/fcaseoO13pBYqAn.png)\n\n可以看出，**当值作为函数参数传递时，形参的改变不会影响实参的改变**。\n\n- 地址传递\n\n```c++\nvoid swap(int *a, int *b) \n{\n\tint temp;\n\ttemp = *a;\n\t*a = *b;\n\t*b = temp;\n}\nint main(int argc, char *args[])\n{\n\tint a = 20;\n\tint b = 5;\n\t//值传递\n\tswap(&a, &b);\n\tcout << \"a=\" << a << endl;\n\tcout << \"b=\" << b << endl;\n}\n```\n\n结果如下：\n\n![image-20220608154414999](https://s2.loli.net/2022/06/08/MZHoDAgdaqRuf6C.png)\n\n**当形参是地址时，形参会修饰实参**。\n\n- 引用传递\n\n```c++\nvoid swap(int &a, int &b) \n{\n\tint temp;\n\ttemp = a;\n\ta = b;\n\tb = temp;\n}\nint main(int argc, char *args[])\n{\n\tint c = 20;\n\tint d = 5;\n\t//值传递\n\tswap(c, d);\n\tcout << \"c=\" << c << endl;\n\tcout << \"d=\" << d << endl;\n}\n```\n\n结果如下：\n\n![image-20220608154811190](https://s2.loli.net/2022/06/08/qasvkIju7ge8KWr.png)\n\n因为此时a作为c的引用，b作为d的引用，形参改变时也会引起实参的改变，因为此时a就是c，a只是c的一个别名而已，a一改变，c也会改变。\n\n#### 结论：当需要形参修饰实参的时候，用引用传递，当不需要形参修饰实参的时候，用值传递。\n","slug":"引用","published":1,"updated":"2022-06-08T07:54:08.137Z","comments":1,"layout":"post","photos":[],"link":"","_id":"cl45apywp0000ckvl6ge9h9g9","content":"<h1 id=\"引用-amp-的一般用法\"><a href=\"#引用-amp-的一般用法\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"引用&amp;的一般用法\"></a>引用&amp;的一般用法</h1><h2 id=\"引用的基本语法\"><a href=\"#引用的基本语法\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"引用的基本语法\"></a>引用的基本语法</h2><p>数据类型  &amp;别名 = 原名</p>\n<p><strong>可以给变量起别名</strong></p>\n<figure class=\"highlight c++\"><table><tr><td class=\"gutter\"><pre><span class=\"line\">1</span><br><span class=\"line\">2</span><br><span class=\"line\">3</span><br><span class=\"line\">4</span><br><span class=\"line\">5</span><br><span class=\"line\">6</span><br><span class=\"line\">7</span><br></pre></td><td class=\"code\"><pre><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"function\"><span class=\"type\">int</span> <span class=\"title\">main</span><span class=\"params\">(<span class=\"type\">int</span> argc, <span class=\"type\">char</span> *args[])</span></span></span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"function\"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"type\">int</span> a = <span class=\"number\">10</span>;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"type\">int</span> &amp;b = a;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\tb = <span class=\"number\">20</span>;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\tcout &lt;&lt; a;</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>\n\n<p>可以看到结果是20，b作为a的别名，改变b的值就会改变a的值。</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://s2.loli.net/2022/06/08/sBYMJfPEuCmAFp9.png\" alt=\"image-20220608151529371\"></p>\n<h2 id=\"引用的注意事项\"><a href=\"#引用的注意事项\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"引用的注意事项\"></a>引用的注意事项</h2><ul>\n<li><p>引用必须初始化</p>\n<p>int &b;//<strong>错误的</strong></p>\n</li>\n<li><p>引用一旦初始化后，就不可以更改了</p>\n<p>b作为a的别名以后，不能再作为其他变量的别名了</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<h2 id=\"引用做函数参数\"><a href=\"#引用做函数参数\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"引用做函数参数\"></a>引用做函数参数</h2><p>以交换函数来分别对比三种函数参数的结果。</p>\n<ul>\n<li>值传递</li>\n</ul>\n<figure class=\"highlight c++\"><table><tr><td class=\"gutter\"><pre><span class=\"line\">1</span><br><span class=\"line\">2</span><br><span class=\"line\">3</span><br><span class=\"line\">4</span><br><span class=\"line\">5</span><br><span class=\"line\">6</span><br><span class=\"line\">7</span><br><span class=\"line\">8</span><br><span class=\"line\">9</span><br><span class=\"line\">10</span><br><span class=\"line\">11</span><br><span class=\"line\">12</span><br><span class=\"line\">13</span><br><span class=\"line\">14</span><br><span class=\"line\">15</span><br><span class=\"line\">16</span><br></pre></td><td class=\"code\"><pre><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"function\"><span class=\"type\">void</span> <span class=\"title\">swap</span><span class=\"params\">(<span class=\"type\">int</span> a, <span class=\"type\">int</span> b)</span> </span></span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"function\"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"type\">int</span> temp;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\ttemp = a;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\ta = b;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\tb = temp;</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;</span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"function\"><span class=\"type\">int</span> <span class=\"title\">main</span><span class=\"params\">(<span class=\"type\">int</span> argc, <span class=\"type\">char</span> *args[])</span></span></span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"function\"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"type\">int</span> a = <span class=\"number\">20</span>;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"type\">int</span> b = <span class=\"number\">5</span>;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"comment\">//值传递</span></span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"built_in\">swap</span>(a, b);</span><br><span class=\"line\">\tcout &lt;&lt; <span class=\"string\">&quot;a=&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; a &lt;&lt; endl;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\tcout &lt;&lt; <span class=\"string\">&quot;b=&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; b &lt;&lt; endl;</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>\n\n<p>结果如下：</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://s2.loli.net/2022/06/08/fcaseoO13pBYqAn.png\" alt=\"image-20220608153445057\"></p>\n<p>可以看出，<strong>当值作为函数参数传递时，形参的改变不会影响实参的改变</strong>。</p>\n<ul>\n<li>地址传递</li>\n</ul>\n<figure class=\"highlight c++\"><table><tr><td class=\"gutter\"><pre><span class=\"line\">1</span><br><span class=\"line\">2</span><br><span class=\"line\">3</span><br><span class=\"line\">4</span><br><span class=\"line\">5</span><br><span class=\"line\">6</span><br><span class=\"line\">7</span><br><span class=\"line\">8</span><br><span class=\"line\">9</span><br><span class=\"line\">10</span><br><span class=\"line\">11</span><br><span class=\"line\">12</span><br><span class=\"line\">13</span><br><span class=\"line\">14</span><br><span class=\"line\">15</span><br><span class=\"line\">16</span><br></pre></td><td class=\"code\"><pre><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"function\"><span class=\"type\">void</span> <span class=\"title\">swap</span><span class=\"params\">(<span class=\"type\">int</span> *a, <span class=\"type\">int</span> *b)</span> </span></span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"function\"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"type\">int</span> temp;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\ttemp = *a;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\t*a = *b;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\t*b = temp;</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;</span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"function\"><span class=\"type\">int</span> <span class=\"title\">main</span><span class=\"params\">(<span class=\"type\">int</span> argc, <span class=\"type\">char</span> *args[])</span></span></span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"function\"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"type\">int</span> a = <span class=\"number\">20</span>;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"type\">int</span> b = <span class=\"number\">5</span>;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"comment\">//值传递</span></span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"built_in\">swap</span>(&amp;a, &amp;b);</span><br><span class=\"line\">\tcout &lt;&lt; <span class=\"string\">&quot;a=&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; a &lt;&lt; endl;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\tcout &lt;&lt; <span class=\"string\">&quot;b=&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; b &lt;&lt; endl;</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>\n\n<p>结果如下：</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://s2.loli.net/2022/06/08/MZHoDAgdaqRuf6C.png\" alt=\"image-20220608154414999\"></p>\n<p><strong>当形参是地址时，形参会修饰实参</strong>。</p>\n<ul>\n<li>引用传递</li>\n</ul>\n<figure class=\"highlight c++\"><table><tr><td class=\"gutter\"><pre><span class=\"line\">1</span><br><span class=\"line\">2</span><br><span class=\"line\">3</span><br><span class=\"line\">4</span><br><span class=\"line\">5</span><br><span class=\"line\">6</span><br><span class=\"line\">7</span><br><span class=\"line\">8</span><br><span class=\"line\">9</span><br><span class=\"line\">10</span><br><span class=\"line\">11</span><br><span class=\"line\">12</span><br><span class=\"line\">13</span><br><span class=\"line\">14</span><br><span class=\"line\">15</span><br><span class=\"line\">16</span><br></pre></td><td class=\"code\"><pre><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"function\"><span class=\"type\">void</span> <span class=\"title\">swap</span><span class=\"params\">(<span class=\"type\">int</span> &amp;a, <span class=\"type\">int</span> &amp;b)</span> </span></span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"function\"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"type\">int</span> temp;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\ttemp = a;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\ta = b;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\tb = temp;</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;</span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"function\"><span class=\"type\">int</span> <span class=\"title\">main</span><span class=\"params\">(<span class=\"type\">int</span> argc, <span class=\"type\">char</span> *args[])</span></span></span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"function\"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"type\">int</span> c = <span class=\"number\">20</span>;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"type\">int</span> d = <span class=\"number\">5</span>;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"comment\">//值传递</span></span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"built_in\">swap</span>(c, d);</span><br><span class=\"line\">\tcout &lt;&lt; <span class=\"string\">&quot;c=&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; c &lt;&lt; endl;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\tcout &lt;&lt; <span class=\"string\">&quot;d=&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; d &lt;&lt; endl;</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>\n\n<p>结果如下：</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://s2.loli.net/2022/06/08/qasvkIju7ge8KWr.png\" alt=\"image-20220608154811190\"></p>\n<p>因为此时a作为c的引用，b作为d的引用，形参改变时也会引起实参的改变，因为此时a就是c，a只是c的一个别名而已，a一改变，c也会改变。</p>\n<h4 id=\"结论：当需要形参修饰实参的时候，用引用传递，当不需要形参修饰实参的时候，用值传递。\"><a href=\"#结论：当需要形参修饰实参的时候，用引用传递，当不需要形参修饰实参的时候，用值传递。\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"结论：当需要形参修饰实参的时候，用引用传递，当不需要形参修饰实参的时候，用值传递。\"></a>结论：当需要形参修饰实参的时候，用引用传递，当不需要形参修饰实参的时候，用值传递。</h4>","site":{"data":{}},"excerpt":"","more":"<h1 id=\"引用-amp-的一般用法\"><a href=\"#引用-amp-的一般用法\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"引用&amp;的一般用法\"></a>引用&amp;的一般用法</h1><h2 id=\"引用的基本语法\"><a href=\"#引用的基本语法\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"引用的基本语法\"></a>引用的基本语法</h2><p>数据类型  &amp;别名 = 原名</p>\n<p><strong>可以给变量起别名</strong></p>\n<figure class=\"highlight c++\"><table><tr><td class=\"gutter\"><pre><span class=\"line\">1</span><br><span class=\"line\">2</span><br><span class=\"line\">3</span><br><span class=\"line\">4</span><br><span class=\"line\">5</span><br><span class=\"line\">6</span><br><span class=\"line\">7</span><br></pre></td><td class=\"code\"><pre><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"function\"><span class=\"type\">int</span> <span class=\"title\">main</span><span class=\"params\">(<span class=\"type\">int</span> argc, <span class=\"type\">char</span> *args[])</span></span></span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"function\"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"type\">int</span> a = <span class=\"number\">10</span>;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"type\">int</span> &amp;b = a;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\tb = <span class=\"number\">20</span>;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\tcout &lt;&lt; a;</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>\n\n<p>可以看到结果是20，b作为a的别名，改变b的值就会改变a的值。</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://s2.loli.net/2022/06/08/sBYMJfPEuCmAFp9.png\" alt=\"image-20220608151529371\"></p>\n<h2 id=\"引用的注意事项\"><a href=\"#引用的注意事项\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"引用的注意事项\"></a>引用的注意事项</h2><ul>\n<li><p>引用必须初始化</p>\n<p>int &b;//<strong>错误的</strong></p>\n</li>\n<li><p>引用一旦初始化后，就不可以更改了</p>\n<p>b作为a的别名以后，不能再作为其他变量的别名了</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<h2 id=\"引用做函数参数\"><a href=\"#引用做函数参数\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"引用做函数参数\"></a>引用做函数参数</h2><p>以交换函数来分别对比三种函数参数的结果。</p>\n<ul>\n<li>值传递</li>\n</ul>\n<figure class=\"highlight c++\"><table><tr><td class=\"gutter\"><pre><span class=\"line\">1</span><br><span class=\"line\">2</span><br><span class=\"line\">3</span><br><span class=\"line\">4</span><br><span class=\"line\">5</span><br><span class=\"line\">6</span><br><span class=\"line\">7</span><br><span class=\"line\">8</span><br><span class=\"line\">9</span><br><span class=\"line\">10</span><br><span class=\"line\">11</span><br><span class=\"line\">12</span><br><span class=\"line\">13</span><br><span class=\"line\">14</span><br><span class=\"line\">15</span><br><span class=\"line\">16</span><br></pre></td><td class=\"code\"><pre><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"function\"><span class=\"type\">void</span> <span class=\"title\">swap</span><span class=\"params\">(<span class=\"type\">int</span> a, <span class=\"type\">int</span> b)</span> </span></span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"function\"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"type\">int</span> temp;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\ttemp = a;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\ta = b;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\tb = temp;</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;</span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"function\"><span class=\"type\">int</span> <span class=\"title\">main</span><span class=\"params\">(<span class=\"type\">int</span> argc, <span class=\"type\">char</span> *args[])</span></span></span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"function\"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"type\">int</span> a = <span class=\"number\">20</span>;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"type\">int</span> b = <span class=\"number\">5</span>;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"comment\">//值传递</span></span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"built_in\">swap</span>(a, b);</span><br><span class=\"line\">\tcout &lt;&lt; <span class=\"string\">&quot;a=&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; a &lt;&lt; endl;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\tcout &lt;&lt; <span class=\"string\">&quot;b=&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; b &lt;&lt; endl;</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>\n\n<p>结果如下：</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://s2.loli.net/2022/06/08/fcaseoO13pBYqAn.png\" alt=\"image-20220608153445057\"></p>\n<p>可以看出，<strong>当值作为函数参数传递时，形参的改变不会影响实参的改变</strong>。</p>\n<ul>\n<li>地址传递</li>\n</ul>\n<figure class=\"highlight c++\"><table><tr><td class=\"gutter\"><pre><span class=\"line\">1</span><br><span class=\"line\">2</span><br><span class=\"line\">3</span><br><span class=\"line\">4</span><br><span class=\"line\">5</span><br><span class=\"line\">6</span><br><span class=\"line\">7</span><br><span class=\"line\">8</span><br><span class=\"line\">9</span><br><span class=\"line\">10</span><br><span class=\"line\">11</span><br><span class=\"line\">12</span><br><span class=\"line\">13</span><br><span class=\"line\">14</span><br><span class=\"line\">15</span><br><span class=\"line\">16</span><br></pre></td><td class=\"code\"><pre><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"function\"><span class=\"type\">void</span> <span class=\"title\">swap</span><span class=\"params\">(<span class=\"type\">int</span> *a, <span class=\"type\">int</span> *b)</span> </span></span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"function\"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"type\">int</span> temp;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\ttemp = *a;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\t*a = *b;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\t*b = temp;</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;</span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"function\"><span class=\"type\">int</span> <span class=\"title\">main</span><span class=\"params\">(<span class=\"type\">int</span> argc, <span class=\"type\">char</span> *args[])</span></span></span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"function\"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"type\">int</span> a = <span class=\"number\">20</span>;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"type\">int</span> b = <span class=\"number\">5</span>;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"comment\">//值传递</span></span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"built_in\">swap</span>(&amp;a, &amp;b);</span><br><span class=\"line\">\tcout &lt;&lt; <span class=\"string\">&quot;a=&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; a &lt;&lt; endl;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\tcout &lt;&lt; <span class=\"string\">&quot;b=&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; b &lt;&lt; endl;</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>\n\n<p>结果如下：</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://s2.loli.net/2022/06/08/MZHoDAgdaqRuf6C.png\" alt=\"image-20220608154414999\"></p>\n<p><strong>当形参是地址时，形参会修饰实参</strong>。</p>\n<ul>\n<li>引用传递</li>\n</ul>\n<figure class=\"highlight c++\"><table><tr><td class=\"gutter\"><pre><span class=\"line\">1</span><br><span class=\"line\">2</span><br><span class=\"line\">3</span><br><span class=\"line\">4</span><br><span class=\"line\">5</span><br><span class=\"line\">6</span><br><span class=\"line\">7</span><br><span class=\"line\">8</span><br><span class=\"line\">9</span><br><span class=\"line\">10</span><br><span class=\"line\">11</span><br><span class=\"line\">12</span><br><span class=\"line\">13</span><br><span class=\"line\">14</span><br><span class=\"line\">15</span><br><span class=\"line\">16</span><br></pre></td><td class=\"code\"><pre><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"function\"><span class=\"type\">void</span> <span class=\"title\">swap</span><span class=\"params\">(<span class=\"type\">int</span> &amp;a, <span class=\"type\">int</span> &amp;b)</span> </span></span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"function\"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"type\">int</span> temp;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\ttemp = a;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\ta = b;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\tb = temp;</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;</span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"function\"><span class=\"type\">int</span> <span class=\"title\">main</span><span class=\"params\">(<span class=\"type\">int</span> argc, <span class=\"type\">char</span> *args[])</span></span></span><br><span class=\"line\"><span class=\"function\"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"type\">int</span> c = <span class=\"number\">20</span>;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"type\">int</span> d = <span class=\"number\">5</span>;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"comment\">//值传递</span></span><br><span class=\"line\">\t<span class=\"built_in\">swap</span>(c, d);</span><br><span class=\"line\">\tcout &lt;&lt; <span class=\"string\">&quot;c=&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; c &lt;&lt; endl;</span><br><span class=\"line\">\tcout &lt;&lt; <span class=\"string\">&quot;d=&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; d &lt;&lt; endl;</span><br><span class=\"line\">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>\n\n<p>结果如下：</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://s2.loli.net/2022/06/08/qasvkIju7ge8KWr.png\" alt=\"image-20220608154811190\"></p>\n<p>因为此时a作为c的引用，b作为d的引用，形参改变时也会引起实参的改变，因为此时a就是c，a只是c的一个别名而已，a一改变，c也会改变。</p>\n<h4 id=\"结论：当需要形参修饰实参的时候，用引用传递，当不需要形参修饰实参的时候，用值传递。\"><a href=\"#结论：当需要形参修饰实参的时候，用引用传递，当不需要形参修饰实参的时候，用值传递。\" class=\"headerlink\" title=\"结论：当需要形参修饰实参的时候，用引用传递，当不需要形参修饰实参的时候，用值传递。\"></a>结论：当需要形参修饰实参的时候，用引用传递，当不需要形参修饰实参的时候，用值传递。</h4>"}],"PostAsset":[],"PostCategory":[{"post_id":"cl42mhu3z0006r8vl2gsdhhrd","category_id":"cl42mhu3x0004r8vlejy14mzo","_id":"cl42mhu400008r8vlgavjcon6"},{"post_id":"cl42mhu3t0001r8vl5ao71g42","category_id":"cl42mhu3x0004r8vlejy14mzo","_id":"cl42mhu41000ar8vlfzqzgeae"},{"post_id":"cl42mhu3w0003r8vl4fgn8wkr","category_id":"cl42mhu400007r8vla03s0jcw","_id":"cl42mhu41000br8vlaxw36ecj"},{"post_id":"cl42mhu3y0005r8vlaptd88es","category_id":"cl42mhu3x0004r8vlejy14mzo","_id":"cl42mhu42000cr8vlc6rcfdxi"},{"post_id":"cl45apywp0000ckvl6ge9h9g9","category_id":"cl42mhu3x0004r8vlejy14mzo","_id":"cl45apywt0001ckvl4bvacij1"}],"PostTag":[],"Tag":[]}}