D3128r4: complete phases 5-6.1 and fix LaTeX warnings

Phase 5.1: Add ordered_vertex_edges concept subsection
Phase 5.2: Add afforest connected components specification
Phase 5.3: Add inplace_kruskal specification; fix Prim listing range
Phase 5.4: No action (omitted per D4)
Phase 5.5: Add _id vertex visitor concept variants and prose

Phase 6.1: Rewrite r4 revision history (fix typos, add all new
  algorithms, concepts, and design changes)

Fix LaTeX warnings:
- Remove broken \cite{REF_bellman}; use plain-text attribution
- Remove 14x multiply-defined \label{tab:algo_example}
- Remove duplicate \newcolumntype{L/R} in P1709-preamble.tex
- Fix \fancyhead/\fancyfoot E-option (LO,LE -> L) for one-sided doc
- Fix a4paperpaper typo -> a4paper; remove unused openany option

Author: Phil Ratzloff

D3128_Algorithms/src/connected_components.hpp

@@ -17,6 +17,15 @@ void biconnected_components(G&& g, OuterContainer& components);
 template <index_adjacency_list G, random_access_range Component>
 size_t connected_components(G&& g, Component& component);
 
+/*
+ * Afforest Connected Components
+ */
+template <index_adjacency_list G, random_access_range Component>
+void afforest(G&& g, Component& component, const size_t neighbor_rounds = 2);
+
+template <index_adjacency_list G, adjacency_list GT, random_access_range Component>
+void afforest(G&& g, GT&& g_t, Component& component, const size_t neighbor_rounds = 2);
+
 /*
  * Kosaraju Strongly Connected Components
  */