GET /collections search free text extension (#470)

jonhealy1 · web-flow · commit 0988448466aa · 2025-09-25T00:51:57.000+08:00
**Related Issue(s):** - #460 **Description:** ex. `/collections?q=Sentinel-2a` **PR Checklist:** - [x] Code is formatted and linted (run `pre-commit run --all-files`) - [x] Tests pass (run `make test`) - [x] Documentation has been updated to reflect changes, if applicable - [x] Changes are added to the changelog
diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](http://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.
 
 ### Added
 
+- GET `/collections` collection search free text extension ex. `/collections?q=sentinel`. [#470](https://github.com/stac-utils/stac-fastapi-elasticsearch-opensearch/pull/470)
 - Added `USE_DATETIME` environment variable to configure datetime search behavior in SFEOS. [#452](https://github.com/stac-utils/stac-fastapi-elasticsearch-opensearch/pull/452)
 - GET `/collections` collection search sort extension ex. `/collections?sortby=+id`. [#456](https://github.com/stac-utils/stac-fastapi-elasticsearch-opensearch/pull/456)
 - GET `/collections` collection search fields extension ex. `/collections?fields=id,title`. [#465](https://github.com/stac-utils/stac-fastapi-elasticsearch-opensearch/pull/465)
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
@@ -126,6 +126,11 @@ SFEOS implements extended capabilities for the `/collections` endpoint, allowing
   - Example: `/collections?fields=id,title,description`
   - This helps reduce payload size when only certain fields are needed
 
+- **Free Text Search**: Search across collection text fields using the `q` parameter
+  - Example: `/collections?q=landsat`
+  - Searches across multiple text fields including title, description, and keywords
+  - Supports partial word matching and relevance-based sorting
+
 These extensions make it easier to build user interfaces that display and navigate through collections efficiently.
 
 > **Configuration**: Collection search extensions can be disabled by setting the `ENABLE_COLLECTIONS_SEARCH` environment variable to `false`. By default, these extensions are enabled.
diff --git a/stac_fastapi/core/stac_fastapi/core/core.py b/stac_fastapi/core/stac_fastapi/core/core.py
@@ -225,13 +225,18 @@ async def landing_page(self, **kwargs) -> stac_types.LandingPage:
         return landing_page
 
     async def all_collections(
-        self, fields: Optional[List[str]] = None, sortby: Optional[str] = None, **kwargs
+        self,
+        fields: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        sortby: Optional[str] = None,
+        q: Optional[Union[str, List[str]]] = None,
+        **kwargs,
     ) -> stac_types.Collections:
         """Read all collections from the database.
 
         Args:
             fields (Optional[List[str]]): Fields to include or exclude from the results.
             sortby (Optional[str]): Sorting options for the results.
+            q (Optional[List[str]]): Free text search terms.
             **kwargs: Keyword arguments from the request.
 
         Returns:
@@ -266,8 +271,13 @@ async def all_collections(
             if parsed_sort:
                 sort = parsed_sort
 
+        # Convert q to a list if it's a string
+        q_list = None
+        if q is not None:
+            q_list = [q] if isinstance(q, str) else q
+
         collections, next_token = await self.database.get_all_collections(
-            token=token, limit=limit, request=request, sort=sort
+            token=token, limit=limit, request=request, sort=sort, q=q_list
         )
 
         # Apply field filtering if fields parameter was provided
diff --git a/stac_fastapi/elasticsearch/stac_fastapi/elasticsearch/app.py b/stac_fastapi/elasticsearch/stac_fastapi/elasticsearch/app.py
@@ -45,8 +45,7 @@
 )
 from stac_fastapi.extensions.core.fields import FieldsConformanceClasses
 from stac_fastapi.extensions.core.filter import FilterConformanceClasses
-
-# from stac_fastapi.extensions.core.free_text import FreeTextConformanceClasses
+from stac_fastapi.extensions.core.free_text import FreeTextConformanceClasses
 from stac_fastapi.extensions.core.query import QueryConformanceClasses
 from stac_fastapi.extensions.core.sort import SortConformanceClasses
 from stac_fastapi.extensions.third_party import BulkTransactionExtension
@@ -127,7 +126,7 @@
         # CollectionSearchFilterExtension(
         #     conformance_classes=[FilterConformanceClasses.COLLECTIONS]
         # ),
-        # FreeTextExtension(conformance_classes=[FreeTextConformanceClasses.COLLECTIONS]),
+        FreeTextExtension(conformance_classes=[FreeTextConformanceClasses.COLLECTIONS]),
     ]
 
     # Initialize collection search with its extensions
diff --git a/stac_fastapi/elasticsearch/stac_fastapi/elasticsearch/database_logic.py b/stac_fastapi/elasticsearch/stac_fastapi/elasticsearch/database_logic.py
@@ -175,6 +175,7 @@ async def get_all_collections(
         limit: int,
         request: Request,
         sort: Optional[List[Dict[str, Any]]] = None,
+        q: Optional[List[str]] = None,
     ) -> Tuple[List[Dict[str, Any]], Optional[str]]:
         """Retrieve a list of collections from Elasticsearch, supporting pagination.
 
@@ -183,6 +184,7 @@ async def get_all_collections(
             limit (int): The number of results to return.
             request (Request): The FastAPI request object.
             sort (Optional[List[Dict[str, Any]]]): Optional sort parameter from the request.
+            q (Optional[List[str]]): Free text search terms.
 
         Returns:
             A tuple of (collections, next pagination token if any).
@@ -223,6 +225,38 @@ async def get_all_collections(
         if token:
             body["search_after"] = [token]
 
+        # Apply free text query if provided
+        if q:
+            # For collections, we want to search across all relevant fields
+            should_clauses = []
+
+            # For each search term
+            for term in q:
+                # Create a multi_match query for each term
+                for field in [
+                    "id",
+                    "title",
+                    "description",
+                    "keywords",
+                    "summaries.platform",
+                    "summaries.constellation",
+                    "providers.name",
+                    "providers.url",
+                ]:
+                    should_clauses.append(
+                        {
+                            "wildcard": {
+                                field: {"value": f"*{term}*", "case_insensitive": True}
+                            }
+                        }
+                    )
+
+            # Add the query to the body using bool query with should clauses
+            body["query"] = {
+                "bool": {"should": should_clauses, "minimum_should_match": 1}
+            }
+
+        # Execute the search
         response = await self.client.search(
             index=COLLECTIONS_INDEX,
             body=body,
diff --git a/stac_fastapi/opensearch/stac_fastapi/opensearch/app.py b/stac_fastapi/opensearch/stac_fastapi/opensearch/app.py
@@ -39,8 +39,7 @@
 )
 from stac_fastapi.extensions.core.fields import FieldsConformanceClasses
 from stac_fastapi.extensions.core.filter import FilterConformanceClasses
-
-# from stac_fastapi.extensions.core.free_text import FreeTextConformanceClasses
+from stac_fastapi.extensions.core.free_text import FreeTextConformanceClasses
 from stac_fastapi.extensions.core.query import QueryConformanceClasses
 from stac_fastapi.extensions.core.sort import SortConformanceClasses
 from stac_fastapi.extensions.third_party import BulkTransactionExtension
@@ -127,7 +126,7 @@
         # CollectionSearchFilterExtension(
         #     conformance_classes=[FilterConformanceClasses.COLLECTIONS]
         # ),
-        # FreeTextExtension(conformance_classes=[FreeTextConformanceClasses.COLLECTIONS]),
+        FreeTextExtension(conformance_classes=[FreeTextConformanceClasses.COLLECTIONS]),
     ]
 
     # Initialize collection search with its extensions
diff --git a/stac_fastapi/opensearch/stac_fastapi/opensearch/database_logic.py b/stac_fastapi/opensearch/stac_fastapi/opensearch/database_logic.py
@@ -159,6 +159,7 @@ async def get_all_collections(
         limit: int,
         request: Request,
         sort: Optional[List[Dict[str, Any]]] = None,
+        q: Optional[List[str]] = None,
     ) -> Tuple[List[Dict[str, Any]], Optional[str]]:
         """Retrieve a list of collections from Elasticsearch, supporting pagination.
 
@@ -167,6 +168,7 @@ async def get_all_collections(
             limit (int): The number of results to return.
             request (Request): The FastAPI request object.
             sort (Optional[List[Dict[str, Any]]]): Optional sort parameter from the request.
+            q (Optional[List[str]]): Free text search terms.
 
         Returns:
             A tuple of (collections, next pagination token if any).
@@ -207,6 +209,37 @@ async def get_all_collections(
         if token:
             body["search_after"] = [token]
 
+        # Apply free text query if provided
+        if q:
+            # For collections, we want to search across all relevant fields
+            should_clauses = []
+
+            # For each search term
+            for term in q:
+                # Create a multi_match query for each term
+                for field in [
+                    "id",
+                    "title",
+                    "description",
+                    "keywords",
+                    "summaries.platform",
+                    "summaries.constellation",
+                    "providers.name",
+                    "providers.url",
+                ]:
+                    should_clauses.append(
+                        {
+                            "wildcard": {
+                                field: {"value": f"*{term}*", "case_insensitive": True}
+                            }
+                        }
+                    )
+
+            # Add the query to the body using bool query with should clauses
+            body["query"] = {
+                "bool": {"should": should_clauses, "minimum_should_match": 1}
+            }
+
         response = await self.client.search(
             index=COLLECTIONS_INDEX,
             body=body,
diff --git a/stac_fastapi/tests/api/test_api_search_collections.py b/stac_fastapi/tests/api/test_api_search_collections.py
@@ -152,3 +152,77 @@ async def test_collections_fields(app_client, txn_client, load_test_data):
         assert "title" in collection
         assert "description" not in collection
         assert "links" in collection
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_collections_free_text_search_get(app_client, txn_client, load_test_data):
+    """Verify GET /collections honors the q parameter for free text search."""
+    # Create multiple collections with different content
+    base_collection = load_test_data("test_collection.json")
+
+    # Use unique prefixes to avoid conflicts between tests
+    test_prefix = f"q-get-{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"
+
+    # Create collections with different content to test free text search
+    test_collections = [
+        {
+            "id": f"{test_prefix}-sentinel",
+            "title": "Sentinel-2 Collection",
+            "description": "Collection of Sentinel-2 data",
+            "summaries": {"platform": ["sentinel-2a", "sentinel-2b"]},
+        },
+        {
+            "id": f"{test_prefix}-landsat",
+            "title": "Landsat Collection",
+            "description": "Collection of Landsat data",
+            "summaries": {"platform": ["landsat-8", "landsat-9"]},
+        },
+        {
+            "id": f"{test_prefix}-modis",
+            "title": "MODIS Collection",
+            "description": "Collection of MODIS data",
+            "summaries": {"platform": ["terra", "aqua"]},
+        },
+    ]
+
+    for i, coll in enumerate(test_collections):
+        test_collection = base_collection.copy()
+        test_collection["id"] = coll["id"]
+        test_collection["title"] = coll["title"]
+        test_collection["description"] = coll["description"]
+        test_collection["summaries"] = coll["summaries"]
+        await create_collection(txn_client, test_collection)
+
+    # Test free text search for "sentinel"
+    resp = await app_client.get(
+        "/collections",
+        params=[("q", "sentinel")],
+    )
+    assert resp.status_code == 200
+    resp_json = resp.json()
+
+    # Filter collections to only include the ones we created for this test
+    found_collections = [
+        c for c in resp_json["collections"] if c["id"].startswith(test_prefix)
+    ]
+
+    # Should only find the sentinel collection
+    assert len(found_collections) == 1
+    assert found_collections[0]["id"] == f"{test_prefix}-sentinel"
+
+    # Test free text search for "landsat"
+    resp = await app_client.get(
+        "/collections",
+        params=[("q", "modis")],
+    )
+    assert resp.status_code == 200
+    resp_json = resp.json()
+
+    # Filter collections to only include the ones we created for this test
+    found_collections = [
+        c for c in resp_json["collections"] if c["id"].startswith(test_prefix)
+    ]
+
+    # Should only find the landsat collection
+    assert len(found_collections) == 1
+    assert found_collections[0]["id"] == f"{test_prefix}-modis"
