Update 2024-12-04

Author: skriptum

vwl6/VL_Sozialismus/hausarbeit/paper.md

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ The early 1990s marked a pivotal moment in world history, famously described as
 
 Yet, the story of socialism’s demise is not a simple tale of ideological failure; it is intertwined with complex internal and external dynamics. Among the various socialist models, Yugoslav socialism stood out for its unique blend of market mechanisms and worker self-management, presenting an alternative vision of socialism that diverged from the centralized planning of the Soviet model. However, by the 1980s, this once-promising system found itself in deep crisis, ultimately unraveling in the face of political and economic challenges.
 
-This essay argues that the collapse of Yugoslav market socialism was driven by external factors, not internal inefficiencies or ideological failure. It highlights the decisive role of geopolitical pressures and global economic forces in dismantling this unique socialist model in the years leading up to 1990. These dynamics, more than any inherent flaws, dismantled a socialist model that had successfully combined market mechanisms with worker self-management for decades.
+This essay argues that the collapse of Yugoslav market socialism was driven by external factors, not internal inefficiencies or ideological failure. It highlights the decisive role of geopolitical pressures and global economic forces in dismantling this unique socialist model in the years leading up to 1990. These dynamics, more than any inherent flaws, dismantled a socialist model that had successfully combined market mechanisms with worker self-management for decades. I will focus less on the complex dissolution of the Yugoslav state in the 1990s and more on the end of the socialist model, marked by the  introduction of the economic Reforms in 1989.
 
 The first section provides a brief overview of Yugoslavia's economic history, setting the stage for an analysis of existing explanations for its collapse. Following this, the essay examines four major external shocks that significantly impacted the Yugoslav economy: beginning with the Oil Shock of the 1970s, it then explores the global economic downturn, the escalation of external debt, ebbing of immigration, and concludes with an analysis of the IMF Adjustment Programs.
 

vwl6/VL_Sozialismus/hausarbeit/response.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+Jovic - political desintragtion & actors
+- fueled by economic crisis, not fueling it
+- not unified leadership after tits death . problems began earlier
+- markovich was a uniform leader and everything
+
+kucik
+- taking it as a explanation for downfall = difficult
+- other countries had retarding laabor wedges too (portugal, greece, ...) 
+- but their economic system did not collapes
+
+yugoslavia (like any developing country) = not without its systemic faults
+- but without the external shocks and interference = could have survived
+- came at a worse time
+
+similarity to other countries
+- shocks affected all of them, retardiaton of growth in 1980s
+- capitalist states as well as strongly socialist
+
+---
+# IMF
+
+Du kannst das IMF-Argument etwas streamlinen: Hauptfokus der Reformen ist meist, ausländische Investoren anzuziehen (FDIs) und somit capital inflows und eine Ausgeglichene Handelsbilanz herzustellen. Aber es gibt keine privaten Eigentumsrechte in Jugoslawien (joint ventures waren zu kompliziert und unsicher). Außerdem fehlte ein Kapital- und Devisenmarkt zur effizienten Allokation von innländischem Kapital und Devisen.
+
+---
+
+Du lieferst sehr viele guten Daten und Argumente, warum Jugoslawien an externen ökonomischen Schocks zerbrochen ist. Ein Absatz vor der Conclusion würde helfen, diese Befunde nochmal zusammenzuführen und kritisch mit Jovic z.B. zu diskutieren. Warum greifen die anderen Erklärungen nicht? Auch Jovic argumentiert gegen die ökonomische Erklärung meines Wissens. Versuch mal das mit Bezug auf deine Daten zu entkräften.
+
+
+---
+Außerdem wirft dein IMF-Argument die Frage auf, wenn der IMF nicht die richtigen Policies verordnet hat, warum hat Jugoslawien nicht von sich aus die richtigen Maßnahmen ergriffen. Auch das kannst du diskutieren. Jovic würde hier eben die Dysfunktionalität der jugoslawischen Konföderation anführen, die mit der Verfassung von 1974 hausgemacht war. Meinst du auch eine funktionsfähige Zentralregierung in Belgrad wären ökonomische die Hände gebunden gewesen, adäquat auf die Krise zu reagieren? Warum? Hier könnte ein detailierterer Vergleich mit ein, zwei kapitalistischen Schwellenländern helfen, die ebenfalls in Zahlungsschwierigkeiten geraten sind (Brasilien, Mexiko).
+
+question: why didnt yugoslavia take more effective policies?
+- debt = vicious cycle, without external help = difficult
+- creditor stance at this point = very conservative, no write off of loans
+- push their policies on the countries
+- unwillingness to create headroom for debtor countries = even deeper crisis
+
+example: brazil in 1982: capitalist country in cirsis
+- military dictatorship = unified front
+- but bad positon to negotiate = forced to take the IMFs policies
+