Abstract
+The objective of this report was to describe the first face-to-face course aimed at + training public health professionals in performing real-time genomic surveillance + during the pandemic period. Experience report on a theoretical-practical course + focusing on genomic research and surveillance, including mobile sequencing + technologies, bioinformatics, phylogenetics and epidemiological modeling. There were + 162 participants in the event and it was the first major face-to-face training + course conducted during the COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil. No cases of SARS-CoV-2 + infection was detected among the participants at the end of the event, suggesting + the safety and effectiveness of all safety measures adopted. The results of this + experience suggest that it is possible to conduct professional training safely + during pandemics, as long as all safety protocols are followed.
+Keywords:
COVID-19; Pandemic; Professional Training; Health Human
+ Resources Development
Study contributions
+Main results Technology transfer can take place at large events, as + long as safety protocols are strictly enforced. It is important to disseminate, at + these events, the concepts of the Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI).
+Implications for services Face-to-face training course is + fundamental for training public health professionals. Technology transfer between + research institutions and health services results in updating and improving health + system performance.
+Perspectives Based on the success of the reported technology + transfer, a new module will be incorporated into the next edition of VEME (Panama + 2022), entitled Virus Evolution to Public Health Policy Makers.
+Resumo
+O relato descrebeu o primeiro curso presencial visando capacitar profissionais de + saúde pública na realização de vigilância genômica em tempo real, durante períodos + pandêmicos. Relato de experiência sobre um curso teórico-prático com foco em + pesquisa e vigilância genômica, incluindo tecnologias de sequenciamento móvel, + bioinformática, filogenética e modelagem epidemiológica. O evento contou com 162 + participantes e foi o primeiro grande treinamento presencial realizado durante a + epidemia de covid-19 no Brasil. Não foi detectada infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2 ao final + do evento em nenhum participante, sugerindo a segurança e efetividade de todas as + medidas de segurança adotadas. Os resultados do evento sugerem que é possível + executar capacitação profissional com segurança durante pandemias, desde que + seguidos todos os protocolos de segurança.
+Contribuições do estudo
+Principais resultados A transferência tecnológica pode acontecer em + grandes eventos, desde que protocolos de segurança sejam executados rigorosamente. É + importante disseminar, nesses eventos, os conceitos do movimento Responsible + Research and Innovation (RRI).
+Implicações para os serviços Treinamentos presenciais são + fundamentais para a capacitação de profissionais de saúde pública. A transferência + tecnológica entre instituições de pesquisa e serviços de saúde resulta na + atualização e melhora do desempenho do sistema de saúde.
+Perspectivas A partir do sucesso da transferência tecnológica + relatada, será incorporado um novo módulo na próxima edição do VEME (Panamá, 2022), + intitulado Virus Evolution to Public Health Policy Makers.
+Resumen
+Este estudio tuvo como objetivo describir el primer curso presencial para capacitar a + los profesionales de la salud pública para llevar a cabo la vigilancia genómica en + tiempo real durante los períodos de pandemia. Este es un informe de experiencia en + un curso teórico-práctico centrado en la investigación y vigilancia genómica, que + incluye secuenciación móvil, bioinformática, filogenética y tecnologías de modelado + epidemiológico. Este evento contó con la asistencia de 162 participantes y fue la + primera gran capacitación presencial realizada durante la epidemia de COVID-19 en + Brasil. No se detectó infección por SARS-CoV-2 al final del evento en ningún + participante, lo que sugiere la seguridad y efectividad de todas las medidas de + seguridad adoptadas. Por lo tanto, los resultados del evento sugieren que es posible + realizar entrenamientos profesionales de manera segura durante pandemias, siempre y + cuando se sigan todos los protocolos de seguridad.
+Palabras-clave:
COVID-19; Pandemia; Capacitación Profesional;
+ Capacitación de Recursos Humanos en Salud
INTRODUCTION +
Pandemics are part of the group of natural disaster events triggered by + socio-environmental phenomena and imbalances that affect populations. In this + context, on January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) characterized the + outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Having started in Wuhan, China, as + a Public Health Emergency of International Concern,1 + the disease quickly turned into a major global challenge and in March 2020, it was + declared as a pandemic, requiring a rapid health response.2 +
+Understanding the spread of potentially pandemic viral infectious diseases is + fundamental in order to support public health decisions. An important method of + monitoring these diseases is genomic and epidemiological surveillance, which enables + the rapid identification of these infectious agents. Since the beginning of the3 + pandemic, the spread of the causative agent - Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome + Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) - of COVID-19 has been monitored worldwide, with + different surveillance strategies, by which the virus evolution can be observed and + shared in real time.4 +
+In Brazil, each Federative Unit (UF), including the Federal District, has a Central + Public Health Laboratory (Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública - LACEN), + under the General Coordination of Public Health Laboratories (Coordenação-Geral + de Laboratórios de Saúde Pública - CGLAB), within Health and Environment + Surveillance Secretariat of the Ministry of Health. The LACENs have, as their main + function, to assist the states in the areas of epidemiological, sanitary and + environmental surveillance (Organic Law No. 8080).5 + Consequently, these laboratories are involved in the diagnosis and monitoring of + diseases of public health concern and are responsible for a significant portion of + the diagnosis of emerging and re-emerging diseases, such as arboviruses and + COVID-19.
+During the COVID-19 pandemic, LACENs played a key role in identifying variants of + concern, given that they receive samples from all regions of the country. However, + in addition to the basic infrastructure, updating the bioinformatics tools necessary + for data analysis is extremely important. This analysis still represents a major + challenge for public health professionals, since it involves specific techniques + from the area of scientific research and that are not widely used in practical + experience at LACENs.
+In an attempt to strengthen the action of national epidemiological surveillance + through technology transfer, in September 2021, the first face-to-face training was + held in Brazil, where the epidemiological and genomic data generated were analyzed + by health professionals from LACENs, during the event entitled Bioinformatics + Workshop on Virus Evolution and Molecular Epidemiology (VEME).
+VEME is a traditional course aimed at training participants in the use of + bioinformatics tools applied to epidemiology and virus evolution. It features + internationally acclaimed professors who are expert on that field, and its founder + and organizer is Professor Anne-Mieke Vandamme from KU Leuven, University of Leuven, + Belgium. This is an annual event with more than 26 editions, each of them is held in + a different city in the world.6 + The event’s basic premise is the dissemination of scientific knowledge, providing + quality training and capacity building, as well as technology transfer to students + and professionals from all continents.
+With the support of the Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization + (PAHO/WHO), the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development + (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq) and + the Health Surveillance Secretariat/Ministry of Health (SVS/MS), VEME was held in + Brazil, in September 2021.6 +
+This experience report aims to discuss a face-to-face theoretical and practical + course, conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, for public health professionals, + focusing on genomic research and surveillance. The course included topics such as + mobile sequencing technologies, bioinformatics, phylogenetics and epidemiological + modeling.
+METHODS +
Traditionally, the previous 26 editions of VEME took place in a face-to-face format. + Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021, VEME had two versions: (i) COVEME, a webinar + format event focused on the application of bioinformatics tools in corona virus + research; and (ii) VEME light, a face-to-face event focused on training and + technology transfer. The event was conducted in both formats based on the concept of + Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI), which aims to strengthen the interactions + between science and society.7),(8 +
+As a didactic strategy for training and updating health professionals enrolled in the + course, the most commonly used bioinformatics tools in high-impact research were + selected: Genome Detective for genome assembly; MAFFT for sequence alignment; + AliView for editing sequences manually; IQ-TREE, for estimating phylogenetic signal + and constructing maximum likelihood trees; TempEst for estimating the temporal + signal; BEAST for constructing dated trees; FigTree for visualizing generated + phylogenetic trees; and R Studio for epidemiological analyses and data + visualization.9)-(16 +
+VEME light took place between September 5 and 10, 2021, at Ouro Minas Palace Hotel, + Belo Horizonte, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, according to the activity program + described in Box 1. + In order to ensure the safety of all participants, the event management team + established the sanitary protocols to be followed.
++
+ +All participants, professors and organizers stayed in single rooms in the hotel where + the event took place. The hotel offered a buffet service, with alcohol-based hand + sanitizer available in order for all of them to use before putting on gloves (to + serve themselves) and settling down in a room specially organized for the + participants.
+The course activities were carried out in a room named Salão Centenário, which was + capable of accommodating 900 people, with tables arranged to maintain the necessary + social distancing. Each student received a seat and a specific computer, for in + silico practices. It was not allowed to change the equipment during the event. The + seats and computers were arranged to ensure a minimum distance of 2 meters between + them. The hotel cleaning staff performed daily disinfection of the computers and + tables using 70% isopropyl alcohol. Water was served in an area outside the + classroom in order to ensure the necessary distancing.
+Students and professors were provided with face shield and an adequate supply of + NK95/PFF2 masks that allowed their exchanged every five hours. The use of the + personal protective equipment (PPE) was mandatory throughout the course, with a + constant reminder to use 70% alcohol-based hand sanitizer.
+Everyone was advised not to leave the hotel during the days of the event.
+The training participants, organizing committee, professors and hotel staff were + tested for SARS-CoV-2 before the start and at the end of the event. Thus, + nasopharyngeal samples were collected and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test + was performed by employees of Fundação Ezequiel Dias (LACEN/MG), in an equipped + temporary room at the event venue. PCR test was performed using Allplex 2019-nCoV + Assay (Seegene), aiming to detect the envelope (E), the viral RNA-dependent + RNA-polymerase (RdRp) or RNA replicase and the nucleocapsid (N) gene.
+RESULTS +
VEME light had a total of 162 participants, including 146 students and 16 professors. + Among the students, 131 came from 21 different Brazilian institutions: 64 employees + of LACENs and CGLAB; and 67 came from other municipal, academic and research + institutions directly involved in emerging and re-emerging infections. The remaining + 15 students were from other countries: Mexico, Paraguay, Uruguay, Guatemala, the + Dominican Republic and Senegal.
+For the selection of students, gender equity was taken into account, in addition to + the participation of two to three representatives of each of the 27 LACENs in the + country. These professionals work directly with the sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 and + data analysis. The training course enabled them to perform the necessary analyses + for genomic surveillance (genome assembly, phylogenetic analyses, identification of + viral variants) and as a result, several scientific publications authored by these + professionals are currently underway.17)-(20 +
+All 162 participants, as well as Ouro Minas Palace Hotel staff, were tested for + SARS-CoV-2 before the start of the event. Only one hotel employee tested positive + and was removed from his activities; among the other participants and hotel staff, + no SARS-CoV-2 infection was detected, neither before nor at the end of the event, + indicating the safety and effectiveness of all the measures adopted (Figure + 1).
++
+ +DISCUSSION +
In recent years, at the initiative of the Ministry of Health, the LACENs have been + implementing different Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) strategies to perform + genomic surveillance. This process has enabled each LACEN to generate complete + genomes of emerging and re-emerging viral pathogens, circulating and co-circulating + in each state. In this scenario, the need arose to train healthcare workers in the + use of bioinformatics tools, enabling them to analyze genomic data generated in + their laboratories in real time. This would have facilitated the rapid dissemination + - among public health authorities - of the number of genotypes and subtypes of the + circulating viral strains detected by each of the 27 LACENs, so that control + measures could be promptly implemented. Given the demand, this training course has + initiated the technology transfer process and capacity building of public health + professionals in Brazil for the real-time monitoring and analysis of genomic data. +
+It is worth highlighting that during VEME light, concepts of Responsible Research and + Innovation RRI were addressed. It is a movement that aims to restructure the way + science is integrated into society.7),(8 + In Brazil, the RRI acronym is not widely adopted and promoted; however, many + everyday practices are in line with the spirit of RRI, which seeks a more + responsive, reflective, inclusive, and socially responsible science and technology. +
+The concept of RRI involves five key principles: Education; Open Access; Ethics; + Social Engagement; Gender Equality.7),(8 + These principles were put into practice during the training course, with education + remaining the core of VEME.
+Education is the basis for technology transfer and capacity building, enabling the + dissemination and application of knowledge.21 + During VEME, in addition to the participation of professors who are experts on that + field and internationally recognized for their work, the classes were based on a + practical learning approach.
+The didactic strategy used ensured that the students could apply the tools in real + time and that the content covered was more suitable for the practice of each LACEN. + Furthermore, in order for each student and public health professional to master the + tools presented, they were granted autonomy to apply and disseminate the knowledge + acquired at the face-to-face VEME, in their state.
+VEME provided public health professionals from all Brazilian states with access to + knowledge and tools used by leading research centers in the world. This training + course has enabled faster detection and monitoring of circulating viral variants in + the states, given that trained health professionals began performing real-time + genomic surveillance and publishing their results in high-impact journals.17)-(20 +
+The fact that the event organizers only advised the participants to stay at the hotel + during the days of the event, without obligating them, and that there was no control + over their entry and exit, is a limitation of this study. However, the spirit of + collaboration of the professors and enrolled students was reflected in everyone + staying at the training location, respecting the proposed safety protocols.
+The implementation of technology transfer in a face-to-face course, during the + COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil, was of great relevance for the training of public + health professionals involved. The topics covered during the event enabled not only + genomic data generation, but also their rapid analysis. This training process was + fundamental for monitoring the evolution of the epidemic at the local level. + Motivated by the success of this experience, a new module entitled Virus Evolution + to Public Health Policy Makers will be incorporated into the next edition of VEME in + Panama in 2022. This training course for health professionals in genomic data + analysis represents a milestone in epidemiological surveillance, allowing Brazil not + only to efficiently monitor endemic strains, but also to predict new outbreaks + through active monitoring and real-time data analysis.
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-
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+
» + https://www.paho.org/pt/news/11-3-2020-who-characterizes-covid-19-pandemic +
+ -
+ 3 Giovanetti M,
+ Faria NR, Lourenço J, Jesus JG, Xavier J, Claro IM, et al. Genomic and
+ epidemiological surveillance of zika virus in the Amazon region. Cell
+ Rep. 2020;30(7):2275-83.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.085
» + https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.085 +
+ -
+ 4 Adelino TÉR,
+ Giovanetti M, Fonseca V, Xavier J, Abreu ÁS, Nascimento VA, et al. Field
+ and classroom initiatives for portable sequence-based monitoring of
+ dengue virus in Brazil. Nat Commun. 2021;12(1):2296. doi:
+ 10.1038/s41467-021-22607-0
» + https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22607-0 +
+ -
+ 5 Brasil.
+ Ministério da Saúde. Lei nº 8.080, de 19 de setembro de 1990. Dispõe
+ sobre as condições para a promoção, proteção e recuperação da saúde, a
+ organização e o funcionamento dos serviços correspondentes e dá outras
+ providências [Internet]. Diário Oficial da União, Brasília (DF), 1990
+ Set 20 [citado 2022 Mar 15], Seção 1:18055. Disponível em: Disponível
+ em: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/l8080.htm
» + http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/l8080.htm +
+ -
+ 6 Bioinformatics
+ Workshop on Virus Evolution and Molecular Epidemiology - Face-to-face
+ Workshop (VEME Light) [Internet];2021 Sep 5-10. Belo Horizonte: KU
+ Leuven [cited 2022 Mar 15]. Available from: Available from:
+ https://rega.kuleuven.be/cev/veme-workshop/2021/bioinformatics-workshop-2021
+
» + https://rega.kuleuven.be/cev/veme-workshop/2021/bioinformatics-workshop-2021 +
+ -
+ 7 Colizzi V,
+ Mezzana D, Ovseiko PV, Caiati G, Colonnello C, Declich A, et al.
+ Structural Transformation to Attain Responsible BIOSciences (STARBIOS2):
+ protocol for a Horizon 2020 Funded European Multicenter Project to
+ Promote Responsible Research and Innovation. JMIR Res Protoc.
+ 2019;8(3):e11745. doi: 10.2196/11745
» + https://doi.org/10.2196/11745 +
+ -
+ 8 Declich A. RRI
+ implementation in bioscience organisations: guidelines from the
+ STARBIOS2 project [Internet]. Uppsala: Uppsala University; 2020 [cited
+ 2020 Aug 12]. Available from: Available from:
+ http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1396179/FULLTEXT01.pdf
» + http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1396179/FULLTEXT01.pdf +
+ -
+ 9 Vilsker M, Moosa
+ Y, Nooij S, Fonseca V, Ghysens Y, Dumon K, et al. Genome detective: an
+ automated system for virus identification from high-throughput
+ sequencing data. Bioinformatics. 2019;35(5):871-3. doi:
+ 10.1093/bioinformatics/bty695
» + https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bty695 +
+ -
+ 10 Katoh K,
+ Rozewicki J, Yamada KD. MAFFT online service: multiple sequence
+ alignment, interactive sequence choice and visualization. Brief
+ Bioinform. 2019;20(4):1160-6. doi: 10.1093/bib/bbx108
» + https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbx108 +
+ -
+ 11 Larsson A.
+ AliView: a fast and lightweight alignment viewer and editor for large
+ datasets. Bioinformatics. 2014;30(22):3276-8. doi:
+ 10.1093/bioinformatics/btu531
» + https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu531 +
+ -
+ 12 Nguyen LT,
+ Schmidt HA, von Haeseler A, Minh BQ. IQ-TREE: a fast and effective
+ stochastic algorithm for estimating maximum-likelihood phylogenies. Mol
+ Biol Evol. 2015;32(1):268-74. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msu300
» + https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msu300 +
+ -
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+
-
+
-
+ FUNDING
+ The author Luiz Carlos Júnior Alcântara received financial support + from the National Council for Scientific and Technological + Development/Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovations + (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - + CNPq/MCTI) (SCON2021-00180).+
+
-
+ ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
+ The authors would like to thank the heads of the Central Public + Health Laboratories for their effort in the fight against COVID-19 + in Brazil; all the professors and students involved in the + Bioinformatics Workshop on Virus Evolution and Molecular + Epidemiology (VEME) course, for their participation, as well as the + staff of Ouro Minas Palace Hotel; special thanks are extended to Dr. + Anne-Mieke Vandamme from the Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium. ++
+
-
+ Associate editor:
+ Lúcia Rolim Santana de Freitas - https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0080-2858+
+
Publication Dates
+
+
+
+ -
+ Publication in this collection
18 Aug 2023
+
+ -
+ Date of issue
2023
+
+
+
+
+
-
+
-
+ Publication in this collection
18 Aug 2023 +
+ -
+ Date of issue
2023 +
+
History
+
+
+
+ -
+ Received
18 Aug 2022
+
+ -
+ Accepted
06 June 2023
+
+
+
+
+
-
+
-
+ Received
18 Aug 2022 +
+ -
+ Accepted
06 June 2023 +
+
+ 
+