High Throughput Systems

[ghost]

Q: Design a system handling 1M requests/sec in Java.

[shivrajcodez]

Load balance → Nginx / cloud LB → multiple instances
Non-blocking I/O → use Netty / Spring WebFlux
Stateless services → easy horizontal scaling
Cache layer → Redis (reduce DB hits)
Async processing → queues (Kafka)
DB scaling → sharding + read replicas
Connection pooling → optimize resources
Auto-scale → Kubernetes