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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/common-style.css"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/index-style.css"/>
<title>Flexflex</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="center-horizontally">
<div class="content">
<div class="block containsSVG last-div-in-line">
<svg trait="header" text="FLEXFLEX"></svg>
</div>
<div class="align-horizontally">
<h2 class="block width100 inline-block">
A typographic experiment
</h2>
<p class="block width100 inline-block last-div-in-line">
By <a href="https://ronikaufman.github.io/">Roni Kaufman</a>
</p>
</div>
<p class="block last-div-in-line">
Flexflex is a typeface that responds to spatial requirements rather than imposing them. Built on a modular system, each letter can fit inside any given rectangular container and transforms continuously if its ratio changes. In theory, it's infinitely flexible.<span class="spacer"></span>
The design follows some additional constraints:<span class="spacer"></span>
- keep it minimal, maximize symmetry and mathematical alignment,<br>
- only use non-diagonal straight lines and circular arcs,<br>
- monolined (consistent thickness) and no disconnections,<br>
- no descenders or ascenders, nothing extends beyond the container,<br>
- each letter is independent, there is no kerning.
</p>
<div class="align-horizontally">
<div class="block inline-block containsSVG width100 last-div-in-line">
<svg text="A"></svg>
</div>
</div>
<div class="align-horizontally">
<div class="block inline-block containsSVG width100">
<svg text="A"></svg>
</div>
<div class="block inline-block containsSVG width100 last-div-in-line">
<svg text="A"></svg>
</div>
</div>
<div class="align-horizontally">
<div class="block inline-block containsSVG width100">
<svg text="A"></svg>
</div>
<div class="block inline-block containsSVG width100">
<svg text="A"></svg>
</div>
<div class="block inline-block containsSVG width100">
<svg text="A"></svg>
</div>
<div class="block inline-block containsSVG width100 last-div-in-line">
<svg text="A"></svg>
</div>
</div>
<div class="align-horizontally">
<div class="block inline-block containsSVG width100">
<svg text="A"></svg>
</div>
<div class="block inline-block containsSVG width100">
<svg text="A"></svg>
</div>
<div class="block inline-block containsSVG width100">
<svg text="A"></svg>
</div>
<div class="block inline-block containsSVG width100">
<svg text="A"></svg>
</div>
<div class="block inline-block containsSVG width100">
<svg text="A"></svg>
</div>
<div class="block inline-block containsSVG width100">
<svg text="A"></svg>
</div>
<div class="block inline-block containsSVG width100">
<svg text="A"></svg>
</div>
<div class="block inline-block containsSVG width100 last-div-in-line">
<svg text="A"></svg>
</div>
</div>
<div class="align-horizontally" id="removeable">
<div class="block inline-block containsSVG width100 removeable">
<svg text="A"></svg>
</div>
<div class="block inline-block containsSVG width100">
<svg text="A"></svg>
</div>
<div class="block inline-block containsSVG width100">
<svg text="A"></svg>
</div>
<div class="block inline-block containsSVG width100">
<svg text="A"></svg>
</div>
<div class="block inline-block containsSVG width100">
<svg text="A"></svg>
</div>
<div class="block inline-block containsSVG width100">
<svg text="A"></svg>
</div>
<div class="block inline-block containsSVG width100">
<svg text="A"></svg>
</div>
<div class="block inline-block containsSVG width100">
<svg text="A"></svg>
</div>
<div class="block inline-block containsSVG width100">
<svg text="A"></svg>
</div>
<div class="block inline-block containsSVG width100">
<svg text="A"></svg>
</div>
<div class="block inline-block containsSVG width100">
<svg text="A"></svg>
</div>
<div class="block inline-block containsSVG width100">
<svg text="A"></svg>
</div>
<div class="block inline-block containsSVG width100">
<svg text="A"></svg>
</div>
<div class="block inline-block containsSVG width100">
<svg text="A"></svg>
</div>
<div class="block inline-block containsSVG width100">
<svg text="A"></svg>
</div>
<div class="block inline-block containsSVG width100 last-div-in-line">
<svg text="A"></svg>
</div>
</div>
<h2 class="block last-div-in-line">The characters</h2>
<p class="block last-div-in-line">
Only the 26 letters of the Latin alphabet have been designed and only in uppercase. More characters might be added in the future. <span class="spacer"></span>
<a href="./specimen.html">Click here</a> to see them full screen and, if it's possible on your device, change the browser window size to see how they stretch.
</p>
<div class="block containsSVG last-div-in-line">
<svg text="ABCDEFGHIJKLM"></svg>
</div>
<div class="block containsSVG open-top last-div-in-line">
<svg text="NOPQRSTUVWXYZ"></svg>
</div>
<h2 class="block last-div-in-line">Implementation</h2>
<p class="block last-div-in-line">
There is no downloadable font file. Flexflex is implemented as <a href="https://github.com/ronikaufman/flexflex/blob/main/flexflex.js">a JavaScript library</a>, with a single function that takes a few parameters and can:<span class="spacer"></span>
- either append a path element representing the letter as the last child of an SVG element,<br>
- or draw the letter on a canvas element.<span class="spacer"></span>
There are no dependencies. The full documentation is in the <a href="https://github.com/ronikaufman/flexflex?tab=readme-ov-file#documentation">README file</a>.
</p>
<h2 class="block last-div-in-line">Parametric variations</h2>
<p class="block last-div-in-line">
The end caps and corners of letters can be either square or round. Oblique type can be created by slanting the letters, as much as one wants. Thickness can also vary.
</p>
<div class="align-horizontally">
<div class="block inline-block containsSVG width100">
<svg text=" SQUARE " trait="squareAndOblique" id="obliqueText"></svg>
</div>
<div class="block inline-block containsSVG width100 last-div-in-line">
<svg text="ROUND" trait="roundAndBold" id="boldText"></svg>
</div>
</div>
<div class="align-horizontally">
<div class="block inline-block width100">
<input type="range" min="-35" max="35" value="-20" step="0.01" class="slider" id="obliqueSlider">
</div>
<div class="block inline-block width100 last-div-in-line">
<input type="range" min="0.25" max="3" value="2" step="0.01" class="slider" id="boldSlider">
</div>
</div>
<h2 class="block last-div-in-line">About</h2>
<p class="block last-div-in-line">
All the source code is available <a href="https://github.com/ronikaufman/flexflex">on GitHub</a>, under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license</a>.<span class="spacer"></span>
While working on Flexflex, I came across similar works: Vera van de Seyp's <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ATueZMd9YAE">Cocotype</a>, David Jonathan Ross's <a href="https://djr.com/fit">Fit</a> and Toby Bennett's <a href="https://www.instagram.com/p/C_ddbLxRuOV/">dynamically structured type</a>.<span class="spacer"></span>
Thank you to Theo van Doesburg, Herbert Bayer, Jurriaan Schrofer, Wim Crouwel, Donald Knuth, Paula Scher, Just van Rossum and Erik van Blokland for the inspiration.<span class="spacer"></span>
Special thanks to Ellen Lupton for her brilliant books.
</p>
<div class="block containsSVG last-div-in-line">
<svg text="THE"></svg>
</div>
<div class="block containsSVG open-top last-div-in-line">
<svg text="QUICK"></svg>
</div>
<div class="block containsSVG open-top last-div-in-line">
<svg text="BROWN"></svg>
</div>
<div class="block containsSVG open-top last-div-in-line">
<svg text="FOX"></svg>
</div>
<div class="block containsSVG open-top last-div-in-line">
<svg text="JUMPS"></svg>
</div>
<div class="block containsSVG open-top last-div-in-line">
<svg text="OVER"></svg>
</div>
<div class="block containsSVG open-top last-div-in-line">
<svg text="THE"></svg>
</div>
<div class="block containsSVG open-top last-div-in-line">
<svg text="LAZY"></svg>
</div>
<div class="block containsSVG open-top last-div-in-line last-div-in-column">
<svg text="DOG"></svg>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script src="flexflex.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="script.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
window.addEventListener("resize", () => reset("index"));
addAllTexts("index");
</script>
</body>
</html>