diff --git a/packages/styled-jsx/src/css.ts b/packages/styled-jsx/src/css.ts
index ae5c0d7..58b15a1 100644
--- a/packages/styled-jsx/src/css.ts
+++ b/packages/styled-jsx/src/css.ts
@@ -103,6 +103,15 @@ function isGlobalPseudo(comp: SelectorComponent): boolean {
   return comp.type === 'pseudo-class' && comp.kind === 'custom-function' && comp.name === 'global'
 }
 
+/**
+ * Check if a component is a `:scope` pseudo-class.
+ * `:scope` appears in the selector AST after lightningcss expands a top-level
+ * `&` nesting selector (CSS Nesting spec: bare `&` → `:scope` in a flat sheet).
+ */
+function isScopePseudo(comp: SelectorComponent): boolean {
+  return comp.type === 'pseudo-class' && comp.kind === 'scope'
+}
+
 /**
  * Scope a selector by walking its components linearly, matching SWC's
  * `get_transformed_selectors` approach.
@@ -110,8 +119,12 @@ function isGlobalPseudo(comp: SelectorComponent): boolean {
  * For each compound (segment between combinators):
  *   - If it contains `:global()`: unwrap the inner selector via
  *     `parseGlobalTokens` and inline the result (which may include
- *     combinators). No scope class is added.
- *   - Otherwise: insert `.jsx-{hash}` before any trailing pseudo-classes.
+ *     combinators). Any leading `:scope` (from `&`) before `:global()`
+ *     is also stripped. No scope class is added.
+ *   - Otherwise: if the compound contains a `:scope` pseudo-class (from a
+ *     top-level `&` via CSS nesting expansion), replace it in-place with
+ *     `.jsx-{hash}`. Otherwise insert `.jsx-{hash}` before any trailing
+ *     pseudo-classes/pseudo-elements.
  *
  * When `isGlobal` is true, only `:global()` unwrapping is performed
  * (no scope class insertion).
@@ -147,9 +160,12 @@ function scopeSelector(
     }
 
     if (globalIdx >= 0) {
-      // Emit any components before :global() in this compound
+      // Emit any components before :global() in this compound, skipping any
+      // leading :scope (originated from `&` — e.g. `&:global(.foo)` → `:scope:global(.foo)`)
       for (let j = 0; j < globalIdx; j++) {
-        result.push(compound[j])
+        if (!isScopePseudo(compound[j])) {
+          result.push(compound[j])
+        }
       }
 
       // Unwrap :global() — inline the parsed result (may include combinators)
@@ -177,23 +193,37 @@ function scopeSelector(
       if (isGlobal) {
         result.push(...compound)
       } else {
-        // Lone pseudo-element (e.g. bare `::before`) — skip scoping, matching SWC
+        // Lone pseudo-element (e.g. bare `::before`) without a preceding `&`/:scope
+        // — skip scoping entirely, matching SWC
         if (compound.length === 1 && compound[0].type === 'pseudo-element') {
           result.push(compound[0])
         } else {
-          // Find insertion point — before trailing pseudo-classes/pseudo-elements
-          let insertAt = compound.length
-          while (insertAt > 0) {
-            const prev = compound[insertAt - 1]
-            if (prev.type === 'pseudo-class' || prev.type === 'pseudo-element') {
-              insertAt--
-            } else {
-              break
+          // Replace any :scope pseudo-class (from a top-level `&`) with the scope
+          // class in place. e.g. `&:hover` → `:scope:hover` → `.jsx-HASH:hover`,
+          // `&::before` → `:scope::before` → `.jsx-HASH::before`,
+          // `& {}` → `:scope` → `.jsx-HASH`.
+          const scopeIdx = compound.findIndex(isScopePseudo)
+          if (scopeIdx >= 0) {
+            result.push(
+              ...compound.slice(0, scopeIdx),
+              { type: 'class', name: scopeClass } as SelectorComponent,
+              ...compound.slice(scopeIdx + 1),
+            )
+          } else {
+            // No :scope — insert scope class before trailing pseudo-classes/pseudo-elements
+            let insertAt = compound.length
+            while (insertAt > 0) {
+              const prev = compound[insertAt - 1]
+              if (prev.type === 'pseudo-class' || prev.type === 'pseudo-element') {
+                insertAt--
+              } else {
+                break
+              }
             }
+            result.push(...compound.slice(0, insertAt))
+            result.push({ type: 'class', name: scopeClass } as SelectorComponent)
+            result.push(...compound.slice(insertAt))
           }
-          result.push(...compound.slice(0, insertAt))
-          result.push({ type: 'class', name: scopeClass } as SelectorComponent)
-          result.push(...compound.slice(insertAt))
         }
       }
     }
diff --git a/packages/styled-jsx/tests/fixtures/issue-94/input.jsx b/packages/styled-jsx/tests/fixtures/issue-94/input.jsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..702f301
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/styled-jsx/tests/fixtures/issue-94/input.jsx
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import css from 'styled-jsx/css'
+
+// & :global() — leading & should become scope class, not .jsx-HASH:scope
+export const style1 = css`
+  & :global(.foo) {
+    display: flex;
+  }
+`
+
+// & .localClass — leading & should become scope class
+export const style2 = css`
+  & .bar {
+    color: red;
+  }
+`
diff --git a/packages/styled-jsx/tests/fixtures/issue-94/output.jsx b/packages/styled-jsx/tests/fixtures/issue-94/output.jsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..727b50d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/styled-jsx/tests/fixtures/issue-94/output.jsx
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//#region virtual:entry.jsx
+const style1 = /* @__PURE__ */ new String(".jsx-16e7d486c32249a4 .foo{display:flex}");
+style1.__hash = "16e7d486c32249a4";
+const style2 = /* @__PURE__ */ new String(".jsx-b58be9352957b283 .bar.jsx-b58be9352957b283{color:red}");
+style2.__hash = "b58be9352957b283";
+//#endregion
+export { style1, style2 };
diff --git a/packages/styled-jsx/tests/fixtures/scope-ampersand-patterns/input.jsx b/packages/styled-jsx/tests/fixtures/scope-ampersand-patterns/input.jsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c957fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/styled-jsx/tests/fixtures/scope-ampersand-patterns/input.jsx
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+import css from 'styled-jsx/css'
+
+// Top-level & with additional class — &.foo should become .jsx-HASH.foo
+export const s1 = css`
+  &.active {
+    color: blue;
+  }
+`
+
+// Top-level & with pseudo-class — &:hover should become .jsx-HASH:hover
+export const s2 = css`
+  &:hover {
+    opacity: 0.8;
+  }
+`
+
+// Top-level & with pseudo-element — &::before should become .jsx-HASH::before
+export const s3 = css`
+  &::before {
+    content: '';
+  }
+`
+
+// Top-level & with :not() — &:not(.foo) should become .jsx-HASH:not(.foo)
+export const s4 = css`
+  &:not(.disabled) {
+    cursor: pointer;
+  }
+`
+
+// Top-level & with combined class + pseudo — &.foo:hover should become .jsx-HASH.foo:hover
+export const s5 = css`
+  &.active:hover {
+    color: green;
+  }
+`
+
+// Top-level &:global(.foo) (no space) — :scope before :global should be stripped
+export const s6 = css`
+  &:global(.theme-dark) {
+    background: black;
+  }
+`
+
+// Adjacent sibling via & — & + .sibling should work
+export const s7 = css`
+  & + .sibling {
+    margin-left: 8px;
+  }
+`
+
+// Top-level & alone — already covered by issue-94 but verify
+export const s8 = css`
+  & {
+    display: block;
+  }
+`
diff --git a/packages/styled-jsx/tests/fixtures/scope-ampersand-patterns/output.jsx b/packages/styled-jsx/tests/fixtures/scope-ampersand-patterns/output.jsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c57a04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/styled-jsx/tests/fixtures/scope-ampersand-patterns/output.jsx
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+//#region virtual:entry.jsx
+const s1 = /* @__PURE__ */ new String(".jsx-15793d61bc2fad0f.active{color:#00f}");
+s1.__hash = "15793d61bc2fad0f";
+const s2 = /* @__PURE__ */ new String(".jsx-440b5f13169269c4:hover{opacity:.8}");
+s2.__hash = "440b5f13169269c4";
+const s3 = /* @__PURE__ */ new String(".jsx-ef070750fd73693f:before{content:\"\"}");
+s3.__hash = "ef070750fd73693f";
+const s4 = /* @__PURE__ */ new String(".jsx-b0ec419eba2f5953:not(.disabled){cursor:pointer}");
+s4.__hash = "b0ec419eba2f5953";
+const s5 = /* @__PURE__ */ new String(".jsx-994a45b09028427d.active:hover{color:green}");
+s5.__hash = "994a45b09028427d";
+const s6 = /* @__PURE__ */ new String(".theme-dark{background:#000}");
+s6.__hash = "b1ebcd8eee3f39f1";
+const s7 = /* @__PURE__ */ new String(".jsx-a67efca2ae41cf84+.sibling.jsx-a67efca2ae41cf84{margin-left:8px}");
+s7.__hash = "a67efca2ae41cf84";
+const s8 = /* @__PURE__ */ new String(".jsx-98cce0331566d37e{display:block}");
+s8.__hash = "98cce0331566d37e";
+//#endregion
+export { s1, s2, s3, s4, s5, s6, s7, s8 };