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Bouncing Droplets

Direct numerical simulation code infrastructure for drop impact onto liquid pools in the inertio-capillary regime, supporting collaborative work with the Harris Lab at Brown and with colleagues at the University of Warwick. The code complements the publication available at https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2023.88 and the mathematical modelling repository, as well as current work in both bouncing and coalescence regimes.

📌 Features

✅ Axisymmetric Navier-Stokes solver for drop-pool impact scenarios
✅ Parameter sweep support: drop velocity, resolution level
✅ Two-phase, non-coalescing VOF implementation for bouncing regime
✅ Standard (coalescing) VOF implementation also provided
✅ High-resolution output and animation capabilities
✅ Full visualization and post-processing ready data

🛠️ Installation

1. Requirements

  • Basilisk (C-based DNS solver)
  • C compiler
  • Visualization tools (optional, can be disabled based on architecture)

2. Clone the repository

git clone https://github.com/rcsc-group/BouncingDroplets
cd BouncingDroplets

3. Install Basilisk

Follow Basilisk's installation guide for your system.

4. Core Dependencies

The code includes the two-phase non-coalescing fluid volume implementation by V. Sanjay (from this repository), which has been successfully employed to limit numerical artifacts during contact time.

⚙️ Running the Code

After Basilisk is set up, run the driver code using the provided shell script:

sh run_master_example.sh

Key Parameters

Edit the shell script to control:

  • Drop velocity $V_0$
  • Resolution level
  • Domain size and other computational parameters
  • Visualization options (inside the driver code)

The script organizes outputs into folders with summaries, VOF data, interface coordinates, simulation slices, and animations for further post-processing.

📁 Folder Structure

.
├── DriverCode/
│   ├── MasterImpact/                           # Two-phase non-coalescing VOF implementation
│   │   ├── DropImpact.c                        # Main simulation source code (bouncing regime)
│   │   └── two-phaseDOD.h                      # Header for two-phase, non-coalescing VOF
│   │
│   ├── MasterImpactSingleVOF/                  # Standard single VOF implementation
│   │   └── DropImpact.c                        # Simulation source code (coalescing regime)
│   │
│   ├── run_master_example.sh                   # Shell script for parameter sweeps (bouncing regime)
│   └── run_SingleVOF.sh                        # Shell script for single VOF simulations (coalescence regime)
│
├── LICENSE                                     # License information
└── README.md                                   # Project documentation

📊 Outputs

The simulation generates:

  • Summary files: DNS execution information and mass conservation metrics
  • VOF data: Volume of Fluid field data
  • Interface data: Droplet and pool interface coordinates
  • Visualizations: Simulation slices and .mp4 animations
  • Post-processing data: Ready for further analysis

Visualization capabilities can be toggled depending on your local architecture and needs.

📚 Citation

If you use this code or data in your work, please cite the associated publication:

Alventosa, L. F., Cimpeanu, R., & Harris, D. M. (2023). Inertio-capillary rebound of a droplet impacting a fluid bath. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 958, A24.

BibTeX:

@article{alventosa2023,
  title={Inertio-capillary rebound of a droplet impacting a fluid bath},
  author={Alventosa, Luke FL and Cimpeanu, Radu and Harris, Daniel M},
  journal={Journal of Fluid Mechanics},
  volume={958},
  pages={A24},
  year={2023},
  publisher={Cambridge University Press}
}

🧑 Contributing

Feel free to:

  • Fork this repo
  • Open issues for bug reports or feature requests
  • Submit pull requests with improvements