diff --git a/.github/generate-sbom.py b/.github/generate-sbom.py
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..e213bb39a75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/generate-sbom.py
@@ -0,0 +1,448 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""Generate a CycloneDX 1.7 SBOM for Pillow's C extensions and their
+vendored/optional native library dependencies.
+
+Usage:
+    python3 .github/generate-sbom.py [output-file]
+
+Output defaults to pillow-{version}.cdx.json in the current directory.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import datetime as dt
+import hashlib
+import json
+import sys
+import uuid
+from pathlib import Path
+
+
+def get_version() -> str:
+    version_file = Path(__file__).parent.parent / "src" / "PIL" / "_version.py"
+    return version_file.read_text(encoding="utf-8").split('"')[1]
+
+
+def sha256_file(path: Path) -> str:
+    return hashlib.sha256(path.read_bytes()).hexdigest()
+
+
+def generate(version: str) -> dict:
+    serial = str(uuid.uuid4())
+    now = dt.datetime.now(dt.timezone.utc).strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ")
+    purl = f"pkg:pypi/pillow@{version}"
+    root = Path(__file__).parent.parent
+    thirdparty = root / "src" / "thirdparty"
+
+    metadata_component = {
+        "bom-ref": purl,
+        "type": "library",
+        "name": "Pillow",
+        "version": version,
+        "description": "Python Imaging Library (fork)",
+        "licenses": [{"license": {"id": "MIT-CMU"}}],
+        "purl": purl,
+        "externalReferences": [
+            {"type": "website", "url": "https://python-pillow.github.io"},
+            {"type": "vcs", "url": "https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow"},
+            {"type": "documentation", "url": "https://pillow.readthedocs.io"},
+        ],
+    }
+
+    c_extensions = [
+        (
+            "PIL._imaging",
+            "Core image processing extension "
+            "(decode, encode, map, display, outline, path, libImaging)",
+        ),
+        ("PIL._imagingft", "FreeType font rendering extension"),
+        ("PIL._imagingcms", "LittleCMS2 colour management extension"),
+        ("PIL._webp", "WebP image format extension"),
+        ("PIL._avif", "AVIF image format extension"),
+        ("PIL._imagingtk", "Tk/Tcl display extension"),
+        ("PIL._imagingmath", "Image math operations extension (via pybind11)"),
+        ("PIL._imagingmorph", "Image morphology extension"),
+    ]
+
+    ext_components = [
+        {
+            "bom-ref": f"{purl}#c-ext/{name}",
+            "type": "library",
+            "name": name,
+            "version": version,
+            "description": desc,
+            "licenses": [{"license": {"id": "MIT-CMU"}}],
+            "purl": f"{purl}#c-ext/{name}",
+        }
+        for name, desc in c_extensions
+    ]
+
+    vendored_components = [
+        {
+            "bom-ref": "pkg:github/HOST-Oman/libraqm@0.10.3",
+            "type": "library",
+            "name": "raqm",
+            "version": "0.10.3",
+            "description": "Complex text layout library "
+            "(vendored in src/thirdparty/raqm/)",
+            "licenses": [{"license": {"id": "MIT"}}],
+            "purl": "pkg:github/HOST-Oman/libraqm@0.10.3",
+            "hashes": [
+                {
+                    "alg": "SHA-256",
+                    "content": sha256_file(thirdparty / "raqm" / "raqm.c"),
+                }
+            ],
+            "pedigree": {
+                "notes": "Vendored unmodified from upstream HOST-Oman/libraqm v0.10.3."
+            },
+            "externalReferences": [
+                {"type": "vcs", "url": "https://github.com/HOST-Oman/libraqm"},
+                {
+                    "type": "distribution",
+                    "url": "https://github.com/HOST-Oman/libraqm/releases/tag/v0.10.3",
+                },
+            ],
+        },
+        {
+            "bom-ref": f"{purl}#thirdparty/fribidi-shim",
+            "type": "library",
+            "name": "fribidi-shim",
+            "version": "1.x",
+            "description": "FriBiDi runtime-loading shim "
+            "(vendored in src/thirdparty/fribidi-shim/); "
+            "loads libfribidi dynamically",
+            "licenses": [{"license": {"id": "LGPL-2.1-or-later"}}],
+            "hashes": [
+                {
+                    "alg": "SHA-256",
+                    "content": sha256_file(thirdparty / "fribidi-shim" / "fribidi.c"),
+                }
+            ],
+            "pedigree": {
+                "notes": "Pillow-authored shim; not taken from an upstream project."
+            },
+            "externalReferences": [
+                {"type": "website", "url": "https://github.com/fribidi/fribidi"},
+            ],
+        },
+        {
+            "bom-ref": "pkg:github/python/pythoncapi-compat",
+            "type": "library",
+            "name": "pythoncapi_compat",
+            "description": "Backport header for new CPython C-API functions "
+            "(vendored in src/thirdparty/pythoncapi_compat.h)",
+            "licenses": [{"license": {"id": "MIT-0"}}],
+            "hashes": [
+                {
+                    "alg": "SHA-256",
+                    "content": sha256_file(thirdparty / "pythoncapi_compat.h"),
+                }
+            ],
+            "pedigree": {
+                "notes": "Vendored unmodified from upstream python/pythoncapi-compat."
+            },
+            "externalReferences": [
+                {
+                    "type": "vcs",
+                    "url": "https://github.com/python/pythoncapi-compat",
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "distribution",
+                    "url": "https://github.com/python/pythoncapi-compat/releases",
+                },
+            ],
+        },
+    ]
+
+    native_deps = [
+        {
+            "bom-ref": "pkg:generic/libjpeg",
+            "type": "library",
+            "name": "libjpeg / libjpeg-turbo",
+            "description": "JPEG codec (required by default; disable with "
+            "-C jpeg=disable). Tested with libjpeg 6b/8/9-9d "
+            "and libjpeg-turbo 8.",
+            "licenses": [
+                {"license": {"id": "IJG"}},
+                {"license": {"id": "BSD-3-Clause"}},
+            ],
+            "externalReferences": [
+                {"type": "website", "url": "https://libjpeg-turbo.org"},
+                {"type": "website", "url": "https://ijg.org"},
+                {
+                    "type": "distribution",
+                    "url": "https://github.com/libjpeg-turbo/libjpeg-turbo/releases",
+                },
+            ],
+        },
+        {
+            "bom-ref": "pkg:generic/zlib",
+            "type": "library",
+            "name": "zlib",
+            "description": "Deflate/PNG compression (required by default; "
+            "disable with -C zlib=disable).",
+            "licenses": [{"license": {"id": "Zlib"}}],
+            "externalReferences": [
+                {"type": "website", "url": "https://zlib.net"},
+                {"type": "distribution", "url": "https://zlib.net/"},
+            ],
+        },
+        {
+            "bom-ref": "pkg:generic/libtiff",
+            "type": "library",
+            "name": "libtiff",
+            "scope": "optional",
+            "description": "TIFF codec (optional). Tested with libtiff 4.0-4.7.1.",
+            "licenses": [{"license": {"id": "HPND"}}],
+            "externalReferences": [
+                {"type": "website", "url": "https://libtiff.gitlab.io/libtiff/"},
+                {
+                    "type": "distribution",
+                    "url": "https://download.osgeo.org/libtiff/",
+                },
+            ],
+        },
+        {
+            "bom-ref": "pkg:generic/freetype2",
+            "type": "library",
+            "name": "FreeType",
+            "scope": "optional",
+            "description": "Font rendering (optional, used by PIL._imagingft). "
+            "Required for text/font support.",
+            "licenses": [{"license": {"id": "FTL"}}],
+            "externalReferences": [
+                {"type": "website", "url": "https://freetype.org"},
+                {
+                    "type": "distribution",
+                    "url": "https://download.savannah.gnu.org/releases/freetype/",
+                },
+            ],
+        },
+        {
+            "bom-ref": "pkg:generic/littlecms2",
+            "type": "library",
+            "name": "Little CMS 2",
+            "scope": "optional",
+            "description": "Colour management (optional, used by PIL._imagingcms). "
+            "Tested with lcms2 2.7-2.18.",
+            "licenses": [{"license": {"id": "MIT"}}],
+            "externalReferences": [
+                {"type": "website", "url": "https://www.littlecms.com"},
+                {
+                    "type": "distribution",
+                    "url": "https://github.com/mm2/Little-CMS/releases",
+                },
+            ],
+        },
+        {
+            "bom-ref": "pkg:generic/libwebp",
+            "type": "library",
+            "name": "libwebp",
+            "scope": "optional",
+            "description": "WebP codec (optional, used by PIL._webp).",
+            "licenses": [{"license": {"id": "BSD-3-Clause"}}],
+            "externalReferences": [
+                {
+                    "type": "website",
+                    "url": "https://chromium.googlesource.com/webm/libwebp",
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "distribution",
+                    "url": "https://chromium.googlesource.com/webm/libwebp",
+                },
+            ],
+        },
+        {
+            "bom-ref": "pkg:generic/openjpeg",
+            "type": "library",
+            "name": "OpenJPEG",
+            "scope": "optional",
+            "description": "JPEG 2000 codec (optional). "
+            "Tested with openjpeg 2.0.0-2.5.4.",
+            "licenses": [{"license": {"id": "BSD-2-Clause"}}],
+            "externalReferences": [
+                {"type": "website", "url": "https://www.openjpeg.org"},
+                {
+                    "type": "distribution",
+                    "url": "https://github.com/uclouvain/openjpeg/releases",
+                },
+            ],
+        },
+        {
+            "bom-ref": "pkg:generic/libavif",
+            "type": "library",
+            "name": "libavif",
+            "scope": "optional",
+            "description": "AVIF codec (optional, used by PIL._avif). "
+            "Requires libavif >= 1.0.0.",
+            "licenses": [{"license": {"id": "BSD-2-Clause"}}],
+            "externalReferences": [
+                {"type": "website", "url": "https://github.com/AOMediaCodec/libavif"},
+                {
+                    "type": "distribution",
+                    "url": "https://github.com/AOMediaCodec/libavif/releases",
+                },
+            ],
+        },
+        {
+            "bom-ref": "pkg:generic/harfbuzz",
+            "type": "library",
+            "name": "HarfBuzz",
+            "scope": "optional",
+            "description": "Text shaping (optional, required by libraqm "
+            "for complex text layout).",
+            "licenses": [{"license": {"id": "MIT"}}],
+            "externalReferences": [
+                {"type": "website", "url": "https://harfbuzz.github.io"},
+                {
+                    "type": "distribution",
+                    "url": "https://github.com/harfbuzz/harfbuzz/releases",
+                },
+            ],
+        },
+        {
+            "bom-ref": "pkg:generic/fribidi",
+            "type": "library",
+            "name": "FriBiDi",
+            "scope": "optional",
+            "description": "Unicode bidi algorithm library (optional, "
+            "loaded at runtime by fribidi-shim).",
+            "licenses": [{"license": {"id": "LGPL-2.1-or-later"}}],
+            "externalReferences": [
+                {"type": "website", "url": "https://github.com/fribidi/fribidi"},
+                {
+                    "type": "distribution",
+                    "url": "https://github.com/fribidi/fribidi/releases",
+                },
+            ],
+        },
+        {
+            "bom-ref": "pkg:generic/libimagequant",
+            "type": "library",
+            "name": "libimagequant",
+            "scope": "optional",
+            "description": "Improved colour quantization (optional). "
+            "Tested with 2.6-4.4.1. NOTE: GPLv3 licensed.",
+            "licenses": [{"license": {"id": "GPL-3.0-only"}}],
+            "externalReferences": [
+                {"type": "website", "url": "https://pngquant.org/lib/"},
+                {
+                    "type": "distribution",
+                    "url": "https://github.com/ImageOptim/libimagequant/releases",
+                },
+            ],
+        },
+        {
+            "bom-ref": "pkg:generic/libxcb",
+            "type": "library",
+            "name": "libxcb",
+            "scope": "optional",
+            "description": "X11 screen-grab support (optional, "
+            "used by PIL._imagingtk on Linux).",
+            "licenses": [{"license": {"id": "MIT"}}],
+            "externalReferences": [
+                {"type": "website", "url": "https://xcb.freedesktop.org"},
+                {
+                    "type": "distribution",
+                    "url": "https://xcb.freedesktop.org/dist/",
+                },
+            ],
+        },
+        {
+            "bom-ref": "pkg:pypi/pybind11",
+            "type": "library",
+            "name": "pybind11",
+            "scope": "optional",
+            "description": "C++/Python binding library "
+            "(build-time dependency for PIL._imagingmath).",
+            "licenses": [{"license": {"id": "BSD-3-Clause"}}],
+            "externalReferences": [
+                {"type": "website", "url": "https://pybind11.readthedocs.io"},
+                {
+                    "type": "distribution",
+                    "url": "https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/releases",
+                },
+            ],
+        },
+    ]
+
+    dependencies = [
+        {
+            "ref": purl,
+            "dependsOn": [e["bom-ref"] for e in ext_components],
+        },
+        {
+            "ref": f"{purl}#c-ext/PIL._imaging",
+            "dependsOn": [
+                "pkg:generic/libjpeg",
+                "pkg:generic/zlib",
+                "pkg:generic/libtiff",
+                "pkg:generic/openjpeg",
+            ],
+        },
+        {
+            "ref": f"{purl}#c-ext/PIL._imagingft",
+            "dependsOn": [
+                "pkg:generic/freetype2",
+                "pkg:github/HOST-Oman/libraqm@0.10.3",
+                f"{purl}#thirdparty/fribidi-shim",
+                "pkg:generic/harfbuzz",
+                "pkg:generic/fribidi",
+            ],
+        },
+        {
+            "ref": f"{purl}#c-ext/PIL._imagingcms",
+            "dependsOn": ["pkg:generic/littlecms2"],
+        },
+        {
+            "ref": f"{purl}#c-ext/PIL._webp",
+            "dependsOn": ["pkg:generic/libwebp"],
+        },
+        {
+            "ref": f"{purl}#c-ext/PIL._avif",
+            "dependsOn": ["pkg:generic/libavif"],
+        },
+        {
+            "ref": f"{purl}#c-ext/PIL._imagingmath",
+            "dependsOn": ["pkg:pypi/pybind11"],
+        },
+        {
+            "ref": "pkg:github/HOST-Oman/libraqm@0.10.3",
+            "dependsOn": [
+                f"{purl}#thirdparty/fribidi-shim",
+                "pkg:generic/harfbuzz",
+            ],
+        },
+    ]
+
+    return {
+        "bomFormat": "CycloneDX",
+        "specVersion": "1.7",
+        "serialNumber": f"urn:uuid:{serial}",
+        "version": 1,
+        "metadata": {
+            "timestamp": now,
+            "lifecycles": [{"phase": "build"}],
+            "tools": [
+                {
+                    "type": "application",
+                    "name": "generate-sbom.py",
+                    "vendor": "Pillow",
+                }
+            ],
+            "component": metadata_component,
+        },
+        "components": ext_components + vendored_components + native_deps,
+        "dependencies": dependencies,
+    }
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    version = get_version()
+    output = (
+        Path(sys.argv[1]) if len(sys.argv) > 1 else Path(f"pillow-{version}.cdx.json")
+    )
+    sbom = generate(version)
+    output.write_text(json.dumps(sbom, indent=2) + "\n", encoding="utf-8")
+    print(f"Wrote {output} (Pillow {version}, {len(sbom['components'])} components)")
diff --git a/.github/workflows/wheels.yml b/.github/workflows/wheels.yml
index d16c80323cd..bb1f20f8cf4 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/wheels.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/wheels.yml
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ on:
   push:
     paths:
       - ".ci/requirements-cibw.txt"
+      - ".github/generate-sbom.py"
       - ".github/workflows/wheel*"
       - "pyproject.toml"
       - "setup.py"
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ on:
   pull_request:
     paths:
       - ".ci/requirements-cibw.txt"
+      - ".github/generate-sbom.py"
       - ".github/workflows/wheel*"
       - "pyproject.toml"
       - "setup.py"
@@ -276,6 +278,48 @@ jobs:
           artifacts_path: dist
           anaconda_nightly_upload_token: ${{ secrets.ANACONDA_ORG_UPLOAD_TOKEN }}
 
+  sbom:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    name: Generate SBOM
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
+        with:
+          python-version: "3.x"
+
+      - name: Generate CycloneDX SBOM
+        run: python3 .github/generate-sbom.py
+
+      - name: Upload SBOM as workflow artifact
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sbom
+          path: "*.cdx.json"
+
+  sbom-publish:
+    if: |
+      github.event.repository.fork == false
+      && github.event_name == 'push'
+      && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags')
+    needs: [count-dists, sbom]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    name: Publish SBOM to GitHub release
+    permissions:
+      contents: write
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
+        with:
+          name: sbom
+          path: .
+
+      - name: Attach SBOM to GitHub release
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: gh release upload "$GITHUB_REF_NAME" *.cdx.json
+
   pypi-publish:
     if: github.repository_owner == 'python-pillow' && github.event_name == 'push' && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags')
     needs: count-dists