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+---
+layout: analytics
+title: Paywalls
+description: Paywalls Analytics Adapter
+modulecode: paywallsAnalyticsAdapter
+prebid_member: false
+---
+
+#### Overview
+
+The Paywalls Analytics Adapter emits [VAI (Validated Actor Inventory)](https://paywalls.net/docs/publishers/vai) classification on each Prebid auction. VAI helps publishers distinguish **human traffic** and **AI agents** from **non-human automation** (sharing/preview bots, search crawlers, AI training scrapers, etc.), enabling them to segment and analyze performance by traffic class (yield, fill, viewability, buyer outcomes) in their existing analytics stack (GA4, GTM / dataLayer, or a custom callback).
+
+Two key-value pairs are emitted per auction:
+
+{: .table .table-bordered .table-striped }
+
+| Key | Example | Description |
+| :-- | :------ | :---------- |
+| `vai_vat` | `HUMAN` | Validated Actor Type — `HUMAN`, `AI_AGENT`, `SHARING`, or `OTHER` |
+| `vai_act` | `ACT-1` | Actor Confidence Tier — `ACT-1`, `ACT-2`, or `ACT-3` |
+
+If VAI is unavailable, both values are `UNKNOWN`.
+
+{: .alert.alert-info :}
+The companion [Paywalls RTD Provider](/dev-docs/modules/paywallsRtdProvider.html) injects VAI into ORTB2 and GAM targeting. The analytics adapter independently reads the same `window.__PW_VAI__` global and routes classification to your analytics tool of choice.
+
+#### Prerequisites
+
+Load vai.js **before** Prebid.js initializes so that `window.__PW_VAI__` is populated when auctions run:
+
+```html
+<script src="/pw/vai.js"></script>
+<script src="prebid.js"></script>
+```
+
+The adapter does **not** inject vai.js itself. See [VAI Documentation](https://paywalls.net/docs/publishers/vai) for setup details.
+
+#### Build
+
+```bash
+gulp build --modules=paywallsAnalyticsAdapter
+```
+
+Or with the recommended RTD provider:
+
+```bash
+gulp build --modules=rtdModule,paywallsRtdProvider,paywallsAnalyticsAdapter
+```
+
+#### Analytics Options
+
+{: .table .table-bordered .table-striped }
+
+| Name | Type | Scope | Description | Default |
+| :--- | :--- | :---- | :---------- | :------ |
+| provider | `String` | Required | Must be `'paywalls'` | — |
+| options.output | `String` | Optional | Output mode: `'gtag'`, `'dataLayer'`, or `'callback'` | `'callback'` |
+| options.samplingRate | `Number` | Optional | Fraction of page views that emit analytics (0.0–1.0) | `1.0` |
+| options.callback | `Function` | Optional | Called with the metrics object when output is `'callback'` | `null` |
+
+#### Example Configuration
+
+##### gtag (Google Analytics 4)
+
+```javascript
+pbjs.enableAnalytics([{
+  provider: 'paywalls',
+  options: {
+    output: 'gtag'
+  }
+}]);
+```
+
+Fires a GA4 event via the global `gtag()` function:
+
+```javascript
+gtag('event', 'vai_auction', { vai_vat: 'HUMAN', vai_act: 'ACT-1' });
+```
+
+##### dataLayer (Google Tag Manager)
+
+```javascript
+pbjs.enableAnalytics([{
+  provider: 'paywalls',
+  options: {
+    output: 'dataLayer'
+  }
+}]);
+```
+
+Pushes to the GTM `dataLayer` array:
+
+```javascript
+window.dataLayer.push({
+  event: 'vai_auction',
+  vai_vat: 'HUMAN',
+  vai_act: 'ACT-1'
+});
+```
+
+In GTM, create a Custom Event trigger on `vai_auction` to route the data to any tag.
+
+##### callback (Custom Function)
+
+```javascript
+pbjs.enableAnalytics([{
+  provider: 'paywalls',
+  options: {
+    output: 'callback',
+    callback: function (metrics) {
+      console.log(metrics);
+      // { vai_vat: 'HUMAN', vai_act: 'ACT-1' }
+    }
+  }
+}]);
+```
+
+#### Sampling
+
+Set `samplingRate` to control cost. The decision is made once per page load — all auctions on that page either emit or don't.
+
+```javascript
+pbjs.enableAnalytics([{
+  provider: 'paywalls',
+  options: {
+    samplingRate: 0.1  // emit on ~10% of page views
+  }
+}]);
+```
+
+#### Privacy
+
+VAI does not collect, store, or transmit user IDs, cookies, fingerprints, or PII. Classification is based on aggregate session-level behavioral signals processed entirely in the browser.
+
+#### Registration
+
+For questions or integration help, contact [engineering@paywalls.net](mailto:engineering@paywalls.net).
+
+#### Further Reading
+
+* [VAI Documentation](https://paywalls.net/docs/publishers/vai)
+* [Paywalls RTD Provider](/dev-docs/modules/paywallsRtdProvider.html)
diff --git a/dev-docs/modules/paywallsRtdProvider.md b/dev-docs/modules/paywallsRtdProvider.md
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+---
+layout: page_v2
+title: Paywalls RTD Provider
+display_name: Paywalls RTD Provider
+description: VAI (Validated Actor Inventory) classification for Prebid.js — enriches ORTB2 and GAM targeting with actor-type and confidence signals.
+page_type: module
+module_type: rtd
+module_code: paywallsRtdProvider
+enable_download: true
+vendor_specific: true
+sidebarType: 1
+---
+
+# Paywalls RTD Provider
+{:.no_toc}
+
+The Paywalls RTD module integrates [VAI (Validated Actor Inventory)](https://paywalls.net/docs/publishers/vai) into Prebid.js. VAI helps publishers distinguish **human traffic** and **AI agents** from **non-human automation** (sharing/preview bots, search crawlers, AI training scrapers, etc.) so they can make better-informed economic decisions about their inventory.
+
+Each page impression is classified by **actor type** (`vat`) and **confidence tier** (`act`), producing a cryptographically signed assertion that SSPs and DSPs can independently verify via a standard JWKS endpoint.
+
+* TOC
+{:toc}
+
+## Overview
+
+The module reads VAI classification from `window.__PW_VAI__` (populated by the publisher's vai.js script) and injects it into bid requests and ad server targeting:
+
+* **ORTB2 enrichment** — VAI signals are split across `site.ext.data.vai` (domain provenance), `user.ext.data.vai` (actor classification + signed assertion), and `imp[].ext.vai` (pageview correlation), available to all ORTB2-native bid adapters.
+* **GAM targeting** — `vai_vat` and `vai_act` key-value pairs are set per ad unit for Google Ad Manager line item targeting.
+* **Graceful degradation** — if VAI is unavailable (publisher did not load vai.js, or it returned an invalid/expired response), the auction proceeds normally without enrichment.
+
+## Prerequisites
+
+Load vai.js **before** Prebid.js initializes so that `window.__PW_VAI__` is populated when the RTD module runs:
+
+```html
+<script src="/pw/vai.js"></script>
+<script src="prebid.js"></script>
+```
+
+{: .alert.alert-warning :}
+The module does **not** inject vai.js itself. Publishers must add the script tag to their page. See [VAI Documentation](https://paywalls.net/docs/publishers/vai) for setup details.
+
+## Integration
+
+Build the Paywalls RTD module into your Prebid.js package:
+
+```bash
+gulp build --modules=rtdModule,paywallsRtdProvider
+```
+
+{: .alert.alert-info :}
+The global RTD module (`rtdModule`) is a required dependency.
+
+## Configuration
+
+This module is configured as part of the `realTimeData.dataProviders` object:
+
+```javascript
+pbjs.setConfig({
+  realTimeData: {
+    dataProviders: [
+      {
+        name: 'paywalls'
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+});
+```
+
+### Parameter Descriptions
+
+{: .table .table-bordered .table-striped }
+
+| Name | Type | Scope | Description | Default |
+| :--- | :--- | :---- | :---------- | :------ |
+| name | `String` | Required | RTD sub module name | Always `'paywalls'` |
+
+## Output
+
+### ORTB2 — `site.ext.data.vai` (Domain Provenance)
+
+Fields that describe the assertion context. The `dom` value can be cryptographically verified through the signed `jws` in `user.ext.data.vai`.
+
+```json
+{
+  "site": {
+    "ext": {
+      "data": {
+        "vai": {
+          "iss": "paywalls.net",
+          "dom": "example.com"
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+{: .table .table-bordered .table-striped }
+
+| Field | Description |
+| :---- | :---------- |
+| `iss` | Issuer — bare domain (e.g. `paywalls.net`) |
+| `dom` | Domain the assertion covers |
+
+### ORTB2 — `user.ext.data.vai` (Actor Classification)
+
+Fields that describe the classified actor and the signed assertion:
+
+```json
+{
+  "user": {
+    "ext": {
+      "data": {
+        "vai": {
+          "iss": "paywalls.net",
+          "mstk": "01J4X9K2ABCDEF01234567",
+          "vat": "HUMAN",
+          "act": "ACT-1",
+          "jws": "eyJhbGciOiJFZERTQSIs..."
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+{: .table .table-bordered .table-striped }
+
+| Field | Description |
+| :---- | :---------- |
+| `iss` | Issuer — bare domain (e.g. `paywalls.net`) |
+| `vat` | Validated Actor Type — one of `HUMAN`, `AI_AGENT`, `SHARING`, `OTHER` |
+| `act` | Actor Confidence Tier — one of `ACT-1`, `ACT-2`, `ACT-3` |
+| `mstk` | Micro-session token — unique per assertion |
+| `jws` | Full JWS (compact serialization) for SSP/DSP verification |
+
+### ORTB2 — `imp[].ext.vai` (Pageview Correlation)
+
+Set on each ad unit’s `ortb2Imp` when `pvtk` is available from the VAI payload:
+
+```json
+{
+  "imp": [{
+    "ext": {
+      "vai": {
+        "pvtk": "01J4X9K2ABCDEF01234567/3"
+      }
+    }
+  }]
+}
+```
+
+{: .table .table-bordered .table-striped }
+
+| Field | Description |
+| :---- | :---------- |
+| `pvtk` | Pageview token — client-derived, unsigned; correlates impressions within a pageview using the `mstk` root |
+
+### GAM Targeting
+
+The module sets key-value pairs on every ad unit for Google Ad Manager targeting:
+
+{: .table .table-bordered .table-striped }
+
+| Key | Example Value | Description |
+| :-- | :------------ | :---------- |
+| `vai_vat` | `HUMAN` | Actor type |
+| `vai_act` | `ACT-1` | Confidence tier |
+
+These are available via `pbjs.getAdserverTargeting()` and are compatible with standard GPT integration.
+
+## How It Works
+
+1. **`init()`** — Always returns `true`; the module is always available.
+2. **`getBidRequestData()`** — Reads `window.__PW_VAI__`. If a valid, unexpired payload is found, merges ORTB2 fragments (`site.ext.data.vai`, `user.ext.data.vai`, `imp[].ext.vai`) and calls back immediately. If VAI is absent or invalid, calls back without enrichment.
+3. **`getTargetingData()`** — Returns `{ vai_vat, vai_act }` for each ad unit from the current VAI payload.
+
+## Privacy
+
+* **No user identifiers** — VAI does not collect, store, or transmit user IDs, cookies, or fingerprints.
+* **No PII** — The classification is based on aggregate session-level behavioral signals, not personal data.
+* **Browser-side only** — All signal extraction runs in the browser; no data leaves the page except the classification result.
+* **Signed assertions** — SSPs can independently verify the `jws` via the JWKS endpoint pulled from the JWS header (typically `https://example.com/pw/jwks.json`).
+
+## Support
+
+For questions or integration help, contact [engineering@paywalls.net](mailto:engineering@paywalls.net).
+
+## Further Reading
+
+* [VAI Documentation](https://paywalls.net/docs/publishers/vai)
+* [Paywalls Analytics Adapter](/dev-docs/analytics/paywalls.html)
+* [Prebid RTD Module Documentation](/dev-docs/add-rtd-submodule.html)
+* [How Bid Adapters Should Read First Party Data](/features/firstPartyData.html#how-bid-adapters-should-read-first-party-data)